完整虛擬語氣用法歸納,推薦文檔

1、虛擬語氣用法歸納虛擬語氣主要指的的是帶有非真實條件狀語從句的復合句,表達的是說話人的遺憾后 悔的語氣,愿望以及建議,命令,要求等等的情感,往往說的是與事實相反或者沒方法實 現(xiàn)改變的東西.虛擬語氣主要表現(xiàn)為在對過去現(xiàn)在或者將來的情況做出假設后,有可能出 現(xiàn)的情況.虛擬語氣的內(nèi)容主要有三大模塊,第一模塊就是涉及到條件從句局部的內(nèi)容.這一部 分的虛擬語氣主要表達在三個方面：根本用法,各自為政,以及含蓄之美.卜表就是條件從句虛擬語氣的根本用法:條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與過去事實相反的假設had donewould/could/might/should have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假

2、設did (was were)would/could/might/should do與將來事實相反的假設did (was were ) ; should do;were to dowould/could/might/should do通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式,從句和主句的謂語動詞 時間是一致的,如果兩者時間不一致,此時就是混合型虛擬語氣.混合型虛擬語氣的使用 要求“各自為政,即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設的時間不同,采用上面表格中對應的的謂語 動詞形式.如何“各自為政呢這就像是數(shù)學里的排列組合,一邊有三種情況,交叉一搭配就出現(xiàn)了好多種情況.不管怎樣,我們要遵循一個原那么,

3、就是“各自為政 .例如,從句是對過 去情況的假設,而主句那么是對現(xiàn)在情況的假設,那我們在使用時,從句就用過去完成式,而主句要用would/could do的形式.當然,也不是所有的AB配就是合理的,有時候在具體 語境下,會出現(xiàn)矛盾的情況,這時我們就要結(jié)合要表達的意思來判斷他們是對什么情況的 假設,選擇適宜的形式.一般而言,主句的假設時間會發(fā)生在從句的假設時間之后.由于 是有這么一個條件才會出現(xiàn)主句的現(xiàn)狀.因此在此類的完成句子練習中,我們要特別提醒 注意時間狀語的暗示1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. 從句是對過去的假設,主句

4、是對現(xiàn)在的 假設2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now. 從句是對過去的假設,主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.從句和主句都是現(xiàn)在的假設4. Had you followed the doctor s suggestion, you would be fine now. 從句是對過去的假設, 主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設5. If I had made some money

5、last summer, I would go on holiday next month.從句是對過去的假設,主句是對將來的假設6. You didn t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldnt be so tired now. 從句是對過去的假設,主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設7. If Jack hadn t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. 從句是對過去的假設,主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設8. If Lily didn t attend today s party, she coul

6、d not have the chance to work in the companynext week.從句是對現(xiàn)在的假設,主句是對將來的假設9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now.從句是對過去的假設,主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設)10. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend.(從句是對現(xiàn)在的假設,主句是對將來的假設)虛擬語氣在if引導的條件狀語從句中,特別注意虛擬語氣與倒裝的結(jié)合,前提是省略 if,這種情

7、況多見于過去和將來的假設,具體表現(xiàn)是將if省略,把had, were, should之類詞語提前構(gòu)成倒裝.例如：Were I you, I would go.Should it happen, what should you do?Had he recognised me, he would have come over.虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美指的是含蓄虛擬語氣.由于有時假設的情況并不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現(xiàn),而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在,常用的詞語有 without, but for, otherwise, or等等,此時我們可以從意思上推斷出虛擬語氣的時間(測試時多數(shù)情況

8、是對過去的假設).But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university.(過去)Without water, all lives would die. (現(xiàn)在)He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. (過去)I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off.(過去)虛擬語氣的第二模塊就是含有should +V的用法,這一局

9、部主要是有關建議和命令的相關從句,包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句以及以之相關的形式主語賓語 之類的從句.這一局部的詞主要有常見的動詞有advise, suggest, insist, order, require,recommend, command 以及相關名詞等等.記憶口訣：一個堅持 (insist),兩個命令(order, command),三個建議 (suggest, advise, recommend),四個要求(ask, require, demand, request).1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣He insisted that the meeting be put

10、off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要表達在It做形式主語的三種情況：Its +p.p +that ; Its+ adj. +t

11、hat ; It s + n. +that常用的動詞 recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command常用的 形容詞 important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名詞 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret 其實這些詞在句子中其實也有建議命令類似的的意思It s

12、important that you should take the medicine.It s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.It s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.It s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.It was suggested that he should join the club activities.5. It為形式賓語的情況實際上是上面

13、形式主語的一種變形,是以 it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句,it后面的賓語補足語多為形容詞或名詞,常見詞就是上面形式主語后面的那些詞.I consider it vital that he should think deeply before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting should be put off.6. 某些詞語如suggest, insist等有雙重含義,所以在使用的時候要注意什么時候用虛擬 語氣,什么時候不用虛擬語氣.Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan

14、.We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.虛擬語氣的第三大模塊指的是虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運用.句這些句式使用的虛擬 語氣與上面的虛擬語氣會有所不同,主要有兩種情況：I. would rather, It s time -, for fear that would rather在使用時要注意它的不同用法.由于本身would rather可以直接接動詞原形,構(gòu)成 would rather do sth. than do sth.else; 或者 would do sth. rather than do sth.else. 而虛擬語氣的 would

15、rather 是這樣使用的 would rather sb. did 對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O / had done對過去的假設I would rather he didn t go now.They would rather they hadn t attended the party.It s about high time that從句中常用過去式有時也用should do,含建議的意 思.漢語的意思為 是該做的時候了 ,也等于It s time for sb. to do sth.It s high time that we went home.It s high time that we

16、should go home.It s high time for us to go home.for fear that后面可以接虛擬語氣should do,也可以接其他語氣,但依然會有一個情態(tài)動詞.I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.II . wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only這三種情況的虛擬語氣有點相似.wish后的賓語從句,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,其形式主要有三種 wish sb. did對現(xiàn)在的 虛擬;wish sb. had done對

17、過去的虛擬;wish sb. would do 對將來的虛擬.偶爾在對過去的 虛擬時,也會出現(xiàn) wish sb. would have done 的情況.I wish I knew what was going to happen.She wished she had stayed at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此時要注意表示語氣很強時用How sb. Wish+ clause,其用法同上.如果要用was依然換成were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句 +as if/ though引導的狀語從句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though 引導的表語從句.主句+as if/ though引導的狀語從句：主句 +as if/ though+主語+did/ were對現(xiàn)在的假 設；主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +could/ would do對將來的假設；主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +had done對過去的假設seem/ look/ smell等的從句情況根本上和上面一致.She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if n