高考英語短文改錯解題技巧（課堂PPT）

1、1Proof ReadingProof Reading 短文改錯短文改錯2命題特點命題特點 用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活非常貼近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作?；罘浅ＹN近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作。 長度均在長度均在100詞左右。詞左右。 這些材料都是記敘文。這些材料都是記敘文。 新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：1處多處多1個詞，個詞，1處少處少1個詞，個詞，8處錯處錯1個詞。個詞。3 1） 短文長度短文長度 依據(jù)高考近兩年全國卷全國卷I和和II進(jìn)行分析，特別是2015年，詞數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長度應(yīng)在105-110個詞之間。 行數(shù)：74細(xì)看題目規(guī)范 短

2、文改錯（共10小題，每小題一分，滿分10分） 文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞 51. I can go to home now. 2. I like playing piano. 3. I am fond at English.theWrong wordMissing wordofUnnecessary word高考短文改錯的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）設(shè)疑方式錯

3、詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）678短文改錯應(yīng)注意的問題短文改錯應(yīng)注意的問題 四不改四不改: :標(biāo)點符號不改。標(biāo)點符號不改。大小寫不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯誤不改。詞序錯誤不改。在綱外生詞不改。在綱外生詞不改。 9Steps of correcting a composition:Steps of correcting a composition:1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .(瀏覽全文，掌握大意）瀏覽全文，掌握大意）2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find

4、 the mistakes.（分句閱讀，逐行找錯）（分句閱讀，逐行找錯）3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones.（檢查核對，攻克難點）（檢查核對，攻克難點）10動詞形，名詞數(shù)動詞形，名詞數(shù) 還要注意形和副還要注意形和副 非謂語，細(xì)辨別非謂語，細(xì)辨別代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟 A Limerick介詞、短語要記住介詞、短語要記住 冠詞連詞常光顧冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯誤理清楚邏輯錯誤理清楚11一、動詞形一、動詞形 主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞

5、的時態(tài)時態(tài)和和語態(tài)語態(tài)錯誤，以及錯誤，以及主、謂不一致主、謂不一致的錯誤。的錯誤。We must found ways to protect our environment .2015全國課標(biāo)卷全國課標(biāo)卷find缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞）動詞） She afraid of staying at home alone.is12 ： Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. ： You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the othe

6、r books, but you are not permit to take them out. wishespermittedNot only the students but also the teacher like the film.likes13二、名詞數(shù)二、名詞數(shù) 指指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。的用法錯誤。：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting. lessons 14 錯誤類型：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤；名詞所有格錯誤。 改正方法： 分析修飾語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點和語境意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

7、錯誤。 分析前后兩個名詞之間有無所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯誤。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news等。等。二、名詞數(shù)二、名詞數(shù)15 在在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等詞語后，或雖沒有這等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，些詞但語境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中

8、卻用了單數(shù)。如：的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIhours16 像像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可等不可數(shù)名詞是數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如：了復(fù)數(shù)。如：It felt very strange to travel witho

9、ut any luggages.2011課標(biāo)課標(biāo). (luggages luggage)17 本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。如：如：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 2011課標(biāo)課標(biāo)(my friend my friends)18例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school.例例3Wh

10、en I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.例例4I was playing at my cousin house.名詞當(dāng)堂練名詞當(dāng)堂練advicefriendsfriendscousins19三、還要注意形和副三、還要注意形和副 注意注意形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。形容詞和法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。形容詞和副詞的副詞的比較級和最高級比較級和最高級也是考察的重點。也是考察的重點。形容詞形容詞在句中作定語在句中作定語,表語，補(bǔ)語表語，補(bǔ)語

11、副詞副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動詞，形容詞，整句在句中作狀語，修飾動詞，形容詞，整句 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.less20We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的）（多汁的）and taste. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)ILots of studies have shown that global warming has

12、 already become a veryseriously problem. 2015課標(biāo)課標(biāo)II am awfully tiring. 2013浙江浙江 Dad and I were terrible worried. 2015課課標(biāo)標(biāo)I I wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly21四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別 這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，在分詞、過去分詞，和和不定式不定式錯誤。錯誤。 to do 表目的或?qū)肀砟康幕驅(qū)?doing 表主動進(jìn)行表主動進(jìn)行 done表被動完成表被動完成2

13、2 一般說來，一般說來，句中已有謂語動詞句中已有謂語動詞，再出，再出現(xiàn)動詞，現(xiàn)動詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時其前面又沒有并列連詞時，該動，該動詞應(yīng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語動詞為非謂語動詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯動詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。23After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 2015全國卷全國卷make their friends

14、hip to last long. 2014大綱大綱A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 2015課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷I look forward to see her again in the near future. 2010大綱大綱lookingseeingtold24五五、 代詞代詞格，格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟細(xì)領(lǐng)悟1人 稱人 稱代詞代詞主格主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物 主物 主代詞代詞形容

15、詞形容詞性性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3 反身代詞反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4 指示代詞指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5 疑問代詞疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代

16、詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7 不定代詞不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either25 上下文的人稱不一致。如：上下文的人稱不一致。如：Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us)

17、 2011大綱大綱26 上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如：上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大綱大綱27 上下文的性別不一致。如：上下文的性別不一致。如：Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 20

18、10大綱大綱 人稱代詞格的誤用。如：人稱代詞格的誤用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007課標(biāo)課標(biāo)28 人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯用。如：錯用。如：He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (從句主語從句主語which是指是指the voice, 這種聲音使這種聲音使“他他”與別人分離與別人分離, 故改故改himself為為him)2013課標(biāo)

19、課標(biāo)I29： We must find ways to protect your environment. 2015課標(biāo)課標(biāo) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 2015全國卷全國卷 ourhis30 主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。配錯誤。in Sunday afternoon catch a sight oflose my heart in hurry aon六、介詞短語要記住六、介詞短語要記住31 常用介詞的錯用。如：常用介詞的錯

20、用。如：Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIfor32 固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)Iof33 固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 2014課

21、課標(biāo)標(biāo)IIto34冠詞冠詞 基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一一個個/段段/座座/本本.”等時要用等時要用a或或an；表示；表示特特指時指時用用the。 固定短語中多用，少用或錯用冠詞。如：固定短語中多用，少用或錯用冠詞。如：As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)As a result七、冠詞、連詞常光顧七、冠詞、連詞常光顧35例例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例例2Just before I turn

22、ed corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident.例例3 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.athean冠詞當(dāng)堂練冠詞當(dāng)堂練36常考的錯誤形式有：?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞連詞but, however, and, or, because, so, when, before, after, which, that, what 的用法錯誤的用法錯誤 連詞連詞37（1） and與與but用混。這是考得最多用混。這是考得最多的微考點。如：的微考點。如：The mor

23、e friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 2014大綱大綱( but and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)38（2） although/though/while不與不與but連用；連用；since /as/because不與不與so連用。如：連用。如：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have

24、never had any disease 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)I(去掉去掉but或改為或改為yet)39 and與與or。Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week2012大大綱綱 (and or) which與與what。That is which other teachers say. 2013遼寧遼寧(which what)40 so與與or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. 2013四川四川(so因此因此

25、or否則否則)41 after與與before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. 2013陜陜西西(Before After邏輯邏輯)42 多用或少用連詞。如：多用或少用連詞。如：With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.2013遼遼寧寧So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the pri

26、ze. 2010大綱大綱what43 錯用錯用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 2013課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIwhich44 八.邏輯關(guān)系 理清楚錯誤類型：否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用； 連詞的多用、少用和誤用； 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是which與that的誤用； 名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是w

27、hat和that的誤用。改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，考生在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語從句和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用是否正確。45邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練例例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it.例例2 It turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the sh

28、elf by mistake. 例例3 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.andwhichuntil/till462 分句閱讀，逐行找錯3 檢查核對，攻克難點4 規(guī)范答題 不超十個47481. 2015課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. andthe thought 49Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the e