英語翻譯： - 普特英語聽力

1、英語翻譯：包括英譯漢和漢譯英兩部分。學(xué)習(xí)翻譯基本理論，通過漢英兩種語言在詞匯和句型等方面的異同對(duì)比，掌握兩種語言互相轉(zhuǎn)換的基本方法和基本技巧。要求英譯漢能翻譯相當(dāng)于英美報(bào)刊上中等難度的文章，題材包括日常生活記敘，介紹人、事、物的短文，一般政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科普文章和淺近的文學(xué)原著，譯文要忠實(shí)原文，語言通順；漢譯英能翻譯相當(dāng)于人民日?qǐng)?bào)等報(bào)刊的較淺近的文章，題材包括日常生活記敘，介紹人、事、物的短文，一般政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化方面的短文。學(xué)習(xí)用書：英漢翻譯教程(全國(guó)考委組編)莊繹傳主編，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社出版。英語翻譯技巧定語從句：定語從句是由一些關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句組成，用來修飾名詞中心詞。 P

2、erson has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place. 皮而森 匯集了.生產(chǎn)出獨(dú)特的千年歷，這種千年歷（它）能夠.定語的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化，即：如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞

3、的前面，這和漢語的詞序是一樣的；如果定語太長(zhǎng)，定語就要放在中心詞的后面，這時(shí)就要注意斷句，重復(fù)先行詞，例如：1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在學(xué)英語的問題上，我和你有同樣的問題。2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不錯(cuò)。3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 這的確是一個(gè)非常棘手的問題。4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mothe

4、r. 別的知道這個(gè)秘密的人就是他的父母。5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities 有效的維持紀(jì)律通常是由一些學(xué)生來做的，而這些學(xué)生則負(fù)責(zé)給學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提建議。6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,00 B.C. and ende

5、d about 10,000 B.C. 作出這些刻記的游牧人，依靠狩獵和捕魚生活在冰河時(shí)代的晚期。這段時(shí)期大約始于公元前35，000年而結(jié)束于公元前10，000年。7. For several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact. 在過去的幾百年中，已經(jīng)有記載說，確實(shí)有被動(dòng)物養(yǎng)大的與世隔絕的狼孩的存在。 另外，翻譯成漢語時(shí)還要注意未省略關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的定語從句,

6、 翻譯時(shí)所遵守的原則和上述的一樣：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：8.He is the very person (whom) Im looking for. 他正是我要找的人。9.This is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently. 這就是我們政府一直追求的靈活政策。10.Those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarship. 那些家里提供不起食宿的學(xué)生可以得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。11.Th

7、ere are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students. 有些形式是不能告訴給學(xué)生的。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：12.I took Mr. John to the village, where I had spent my carefree childhood. 我把約翰先生帶到我度過無憂無慮童年的鄉(xiāng)村。13.I still remember the time when we studied in the same university. 我還記得我們一起上大學(xué)的日子。具體翻譯來說，定語從句的翻譯可

8、分為限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種，翻譯成漢語時(shí)不論是在語序方面還是重復(fù)先行詞方面都有一定的講究：限制性定語從句的翻譯可分為以下幾方面：1前置：這種定語從句一般比較短，翻譯起來比較方便，和漢語的詞序完全一樣，例如：a.This is the finest weather that I have ever seen this month. 這是這個(gè)月我所看到的最好的天氣。b.Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我們兩國(guó)是友誼長(zhǎng)存的友好鄰邦。c.Teachers generally like th

9、e students who achieve high scores in tests. 老師通常喜歡考試中成績(jī)好的學(xué)生。d.他不是一個(gè)輕易服輸?shù)娜?He is not the one who will give up easily.以上的這些例子告訴我們，如果定語很短的話，我們可以把他象漢語一樣放在中心詞的前面。但是，有的時(shí)候，如果定語太長(zhǎng)，讀起來就不符和漢語的習(xí)慣，因此，往往要后置，重復(fù)先行詞,這就是下面要提到的定語從句的 “后置” 問題，例如：2后置：a. Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed o

10、nly after their death. 吝嗇鬼經(jīng)常是看起來年很孤單、不為人所主意，可他們的財(cái)富只有等到他們死了以后才 暴露出來。3“綜合性”的翻譯法。綜合性”的翻譯就是，翻譯時(shí)不需要關(guān)系詞，其中的關(guān)系完全靠上下文的意思來表現(xiàn)出來，例如：a.This is the place where the accident occurred. 這就是發(fā)生交通事故的地方。b.The person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor. 他的鄰居把信交給了他。c. There is a big oak tree that stands just

11、in front of the village. 村子前面有棵大象樹d.Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. 大多數(shù)病人想找人坦率、誠(chéng)實(shí)地傾訴他們的苦衷。非限制性定語從句：這里，也可以分為以下幾種：1.前置：a. We need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence 我們需要一個(gè)人人都信賴的主席。b.The worldly well

12、-known actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage. 那個(gè)病了很多年的著名演員，一上臺(tái)觀眾就報(bào)以雷鳴般的掌聲。c. Piccaso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age. 畢加索的作品曾鼓勵(lì)了很多人，后來年紀(jì)很大時(shí)，作品也日趨成熟。2.后置: 這里包括： 重復(fù)先行詞, 譯成并列分句。這是比較常見的翻譯方法： a.He deposits a l

13、ittle sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily. 我們每個(gè)月都在銀行里存一些錢，這樣，碰到有任何危機(jī)時(shí)，我們就可以應(yīng)付了。b. A table has four legs, one of which is broken. 桌子有四條腿，其中的一條腿是壞的。c. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the

14、 least. 生活在澳大利亞中部有很多問題，其中取水還不算最艱苦的。d.He decided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances. 他決定辭職，而這是他目前所能做的最好的事。e.He is late for class today, as is often the case. 他今天遲到了，而這是經(jīng)常的事。以上的句子在翻譯成漢語后，要重復(fù)先行詞。其中的“which”可以是指前面的整個(gè)句子，也可以單指某個(gè)先行詞。3.省略先行詞這種句行就象前面講的“綜和性”翻譯一樣，直接把整個(gè)句子的意思講出

15、來，例如：a.The two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and scholars. 這兩個(gè)大學(xué)，簽定了協(xié)議，決定交換學(xué)生和學(xué)者。b.He caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood. 他看見一個(gè)士兵走進(jìn)農(nóng)舍，臉色因失血過多而蒼白。c. He passed the exam, which can be read from

16、his the light on his face. 我從他臉上就可以看出他已通過了考試。d. He arrived at the railway station in time , which is expected . 他果然準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了火車站。4.譯成狀語從句有些作定語的句子聽起來卻有點(diǎn)象狀語從句，因此翻譯時(shí)可以將其譯成狀語似的從句：a.You should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is very valuable.(原因) 你應(yīng)該利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)好好學(xué)習(xí)英語，這太重要了。b.We examin

17、e the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因) 我們檢驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品很仔細(xì)，因此產(chǎn)品都很可靠。c.I never believe the stories, which is appealing.(讓步) 我從不相信他所說的故事，即使它很動(dòng)聽。 5. “as”引導(dǎo)的句子： 除了以上這些例子以外，還有一些特殊的由 “as”引導(dǎo)的句子, 翻譯時(shí)可參考“as”的比 較結(jié)構(gòu)從句：a. He is not such as fool as he looks 他并不象看上去的那么傻。b. They were not such

18、questions as could easily be disposed of. 這些問題可不是那么容易就能處理好的。c. It wasnt such a good dinner as she had promised us. 這頓飯可沒有她向我們說的那么好。1999（下）英語翻譯試卷 一、漢譯英（50） 媽媽退休了，閑在家中。她身體不好，不便多做家務(wù)，時(shí)常是早晨上公園散步，回來躺一會(huì)兒；中午吃完午飯，再上樓躺一會(huì)兒；晚上看完最后一個(gè)電視節(jié)目，又是睡覺。久而久之，我們開始覺得她精神反倒不如以前了。 她太閑了，力氣活不能多做，又沒有讀過什么書，我們想不出有什么辦法可以消除她的寂寞。白天，爸爸和

19、我們兄妹都要上班；晚上妹妹要去夜校，我也要在自己房里看書，好象只有吃晚飯的時(shí)候，我們才有機(jī)會(huì)和她在一起聊聊。盡管能和她說的事實(shí)在不多，但在這樣的時(shí)候，她會(huì)顯得特別高興，特別有精神。 二、英譯漢（50） Some scientists consider that sleep is an instinct, a basic need for the body and mind to relax and to escape from the responses needed while awake. We become tired in body and mind if we do not slee

20、p, and scientists have proved that when we do sleep the electrical activity of the brain slows down, although it may be stimulated when we dream. One chemical theory is that a substance needed to maintain the waking state becomes exhausted and may be replenished in sleep. A contrary suggestion is th

21、at some poisonous substances built up in wakefulness may be destroyed when we go to sleep. Other theories connect the need for increased wakefulness with the development of the more sophisticated areas of the brain. This could explain why newborn babies whose powers of reasoning have not yet develop

22、ed, spend most of their lives asleep. It has been demonstrated that a particular part of the brain, the reticular formation, if severed, cause continuous sleep. Although we are not sure why we sleep, there is no doubt that we need to do so and so do most other animals. The pattern of sleep and wakef

23、ulness is closely connected with our habits and senses. Animals which depend upon sight for food, shelter and defence, like man, are diurnal. That means they are for the most part active during the day and asleep at night. The amount of sleep needed by a person to remain in full health varies consid

24、erably with age, with different individuals, and even, perhaps, with race. Pre-school children generally need ten to twelve hours sleep, schoolchildren nine to eleven hours and adults seven to nine hours. Adults seem to need progressively less sleep as they grow older, and exceptional case are known

25、 of elderly people who have remained healthy on two to three hours a night. It has been said that the Japanese, both children and adults, sleep less than Europeans, but that may be due to habit rather than to race. 2000年4月全國(guó)英語英語翻譯試卷、答案本試題分兩部分，第一部分為選擇題，第二部分為非選擇題，選擇題20分，非選擇題80分，滿分100分?？荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘。全部題目用

26、英文作答（英文翻譯題目除外），并將答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，否則不計(jì)分。PART ONE.Multiple Choice Questions（20 points, 2 points for each）A、Directions:This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different translations labeled A、B、C and D. Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and

27、expressiveness.1.In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.A.在以后的歲月里，比爾就這樣學(xué)著拼寫，并且學(xué)會(huì)了拼寫許多單詞，真叫人難以理解。B.在往后的幾年里，比爾就這樣學(xué)著拼寫，雖然不理解意思，卻也學(xué)會(huì)了拼寫許多單詞。C.在爾后的年月里，令人不解的是，比爾就這樣學(xué)著拼寫，居然也學(xué)會(huì)了拼寫許多單詞。D.令人不理解的是，在往后的日子里，比爾就這樣學(xué)著拼寫，而且學(xué)會(huì)了拼寫許多單詞。2.It is undoubtedly true t

28、hat poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.A.貧困毫無疑問仍然是這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨的一個(gè)問題，正如其它許多發(fā)展中乃至發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制一樣。B.正如其它許多發(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制乃至發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制一樣，貧困無疑仍然是這個(gè)國(guó)家的一個(gè)問題。C.同其它許多發(fā)展中乃至發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，貧困毫無疑問仍然是這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨的一個(gè)問題。D.毫無疑問，這個(gè)國(guó)家同其它許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家乃至發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，仍然存在著貧困問題。3.破鏡雖已粘補(bǔ)，但既不美觀，又不牢固。

29、A.A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.B.Though it can be glued back together, a mirror does not look beautiful but fragile.C.a broken mirror, though glued back together, does not look beautiful but fragile.D.A broken mirror, though glued back toge

30、ther, has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4.為了發(fā)展初等教育，根據(jù)我國(guó)憲法和實(shí)際，特制訂本法律。A.This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.B.In order to develop primary education and in accordance with the Constitution and the r

31、eality in our country, this law has been drawn up.C.We have drawn up this law in light of the Constitution and the reality in our country to develop primary education.D.According to the Constitution and the reality in our country, we have drawn up this law in order to develop primary education.5.不搞改

32、革，不堅(jiān)持開放政策，我們確定的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)就不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。A.If we do not carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy, the strategic goals we have determined can not be achieved.B.Without carrying out reforms and following the opining-up policy, our strategic goals can not be reached.C.We can not achieve our strategic goal

33、s unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.D.Without carrying out reforms and following the opening-up policy, it is impossible for us to reach our strategic goals.B、Directions:This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A、B、C and D.

34、 Choose the one that best completes each statement.6.就英漢兩種語言的區(qū)別而言，下列選項(xiàng)中不正確的一項(xiàng)是_。A.英語代詞使用得多，漢語代詞使用得少B.英語形合句用得多，漢語意合句用得多C.英語定語位置較固定，漢語定語位置較靈活D.英語狀語位置較靈活，漢語狀語位置較固定7.就法律英語的特點(diǎn)而言，下列選項(xiàng)中不正確的一項(xiàng)是_。A.結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，層次分明B.措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，忌生歧義C.條理清楚，關(guān)涉明晰D.簡(jiǎn)潔明快，避免重復(fù)8._雖然不諳英語，但依靠他人口述原作意思，翻譯了大量的歐美小說。 A.林紓B.嚴(yán)復(fù)C.魯迅D.傅雷9.In The Theory and

35、 Practice of Translation, _ and Charles R. Taber emphasize the importance of the translators respect for the genius of each language.A.Saint JeromeB.Eugene A.NidaC.Cicero10.In relating the translators work, Theodore Savory concludes that the translator must take into account all the following factor

36、s except _.A.the content of the original textB.the meaning of the original textC.the style of the original textD.the readership of the original textPART TWO.Phrase Translation（20 points, 1 point for each）A、Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.11.stock market12.overseas investment13.tra

37、de surplus14.mean temperature15.continedtal shelf16.freedom from noise rmation superhighway18.full diplomatic relations19.the principle of equality20.books on popular scienceB、Directions: Put the following phrases into English.21.全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)22.市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)23.珠江三角洲24.純利潤(rùn)25.故宮博物館26.世界貿(mào)易組織27.和平共處2

38、8.個(gè)人所得稅29.版權(quán)公約30.社會(huì)穩(wěn)定.Translation Improvement（30 points, 2 points for each）A、Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has on of more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.Example原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.譯文：阿德萊德享有地中海型氣候。 改譯：阿德萊德屬地中海型氣候。31.原文：He shrugged his shou

39、lders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.譯文：他聳了聳他的肩，搖了搖他的頭，他的兩眼看著天，一句話也不說。32.原文:He was like a cock, who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.譯文：他像只以為太陽(yáng)升起來就是為了聽他叫的公雞。33.原文:She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.譯文：她盡力糾正丈夫的搶劫行為。34.原文:I welcome the opp

40、ortunity created for Hongkong by the election of Mr.Tong Chee-hua as chief executive of the Hongkong SAR.譯文： 我歡迎董建華先生當(dāng)選香港特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官為香港帶來的新的機(jī)遇。35.原文:She recognized the absurdity of dealing with these people through intermediaries.譯文：她認(rèn)識(shí)到通過中間人跟這些人打交道的愚蠢性。36.原文:He had talked to President Clinton, who as

41、sured him that everything that could be done would be done.譯文：他和克林頓總統(tǒng)交談過。他保證，凡是能做到的都將盡力去做。37.原文:One can never see too many summer sunrises on the Mississippi River.譯文：夏天，人們永遠(yuǎn)不能在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。38.原文:I owned a town house, a summer cottage in the mountains and a car to take myself about.譯文：以前，我有幢城里的房子、山

42、間避暑的別墅和出門用的小汽車。B、Directions:Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.Example原文：能為他的這本散文集子作序，我覺得很榮幸。譯文：To write a preface to his collection of his essays gives me a great honor.改譯：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collect

43、ion of his essays.39.原文:首相及其隨從人員參觀人故宮。從前中國(guó)皇帝在故宮過著奢華顯赫的生活。譯文:The Prime Minister and his group of aides toured the Forbidden City, the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor.40.原文:我去年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。譯文:I wrote four books last year, a record never touching before.41.原文:樣品及說明書如蒙早寄來，不勝感激。譯文:If samp

44、les and brochures could soon be forwarded to us, it would be appreciated.42.原文:中國(guó)將努力促進(jìn)糧食增產(chǎn)，使糧食自給率在正常情況下不低于95%。譯文:China endeavors to increase its grain production, its self-sufficiency rate will be above 95 percent under normal conditions.43.原文:總投資達(dá)10億美元的新機(jī)場(chǎng)于1995年10月26日開始興建。譯文:The new airport with a

45、total investment of one billion US dollars began on October 26,1995.44.原文:武漢是長(zhǎng)江中游地區(qū)的大城市，是湖北省的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。譯文:Wuhan, is a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic and cultural centre of Hubei Province.45.原文:合營(yíng)企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)均須遵守中華人民共和國(guó)的法律、法令和其它有關(guān)規(guī)定。譯文:All ac

46、tivities of an equity joint venture shall observe the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the Peoples Republic of China.Paragraph Translation（30 points, 15 points for each）A、Directons:Translate the underlined parts of the following passage into Chinese.46.Owing to the energy crisis and sky-hi

47、gh prices, some Americans, at least, are beginning to pay attention to small savings that were regarded as unimportant only yesterday. This new spirit of frugality is most remarkable in direct efforts to conserve gas and other fuels.People prefer high-mileage cars, and drivers have begun to develop

48、the habit of cutting off the engine during long waits. Quite a few Americans have taken to walking or biking on shorter trips, and not just for the exercise.The new spirit is seen in other aspects of daily life, too. More people are having meatless meals. Some are raising vegetables for reasons othe

49、r than taste. Families are also turning to secondhand markets for things they need. Thick quilts are replacing electric blankets in some bedrooms. In certain areas people are taking more shoes to shops for repair, and repair stores are doing a good business.Such spirit can be seen all over the count

50、ry.B、Directions:Translate the underlined parts of the following passage into English.47.最近，美國(guó)報(bào)刊報(bào)道了這樣一件事兒：有一對(duì)貧窮的美國(guó)夫婦，兩人都失業(yè)了，由于付不起房租，不得不從久居的房子里搬出來，帶著兒子住在汽車?yán)?。一天，這對(duì)夫婦在路上撿到一個(gè)錢包，里面有2500美元。他們是多么需要這樣一筆錢呀！丈夫認(rèn)為應(yīng)該把錢交給警察局，妻子猶豫了一下，也同意了沒過多久，失主就來認(rèn)領(lǐng)了。按美國(guó)的慣例，失主應(yīng)該給這對(duì)夫婦20%左右的酬金。然而，失主一分錢沒給就走了。警察感到非常失望和遺憾，就把此事披露給新聞界。這件事

51、經(jīng)報(bào)紙、電視報(bào)道就傳開了。一時(shí)間，警察局收到全國(guó)成百上千的來信，信中贊揚(yáng)這對(duì)誠(chéng)實(shí)的夫婦，有的信中還夾著100美元或200美元。有200家公司向這對(duì)夫婦提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)記者采訪他們時(shí)，妻子哭了。美國(guó)有句諺語：誠(chéng)實(shí)總是上策。這對(duì)夫婦的經(jīng)歷又一次證實(shí)了這句諺語。二年上半年高等教育自學(xué)考試全國(guó)統(tǒng)一命題考試翻譯試題參考答案.Multiple Choice Questions（20 points, 2 points for each）參考答案1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C6.C7.D8.A9.B10.D.Phrase Translation（20 points, 1 point for each）參考答案

52、A、11.股票市場(chǎng)/證券市場(chǎng)12.海外投資13.貿(mào)易順差14.平均溫度15.大陸架16.無噪聲污染17.信息高速公路18.正式外交關(guān)系19.平等原則20.科普書籍B、21.the National Peoples Congress22.market economy23.the Pearl River Delta/the Zhujiang（River）Delta profit25.the Palace Museum26.World Trade Organization/WTO27.peaceful coexistence28.individual income tax29.copyright c

53、onvention30.social stability.Translation Improvement（30 points, 2 points for each）參考答案A、31.改譯:他聳了聳肩，搖了搖頭，兩眼看著天，一句話也不說。32.改譯:他像只公雞，以為太陽(yáng)升起來就是聽他叫的。33.改譯:有人指控她丈夫搶劫，她極力為丈夫申辯。34.改譯:董建華先生當(dāng)選香港特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官，為香港帶來了新的機(jī)遇。對(duì)此，我感到十分高興。35.改譯:她認(rèn)識(shí)到，通過中間人跟這些人打交通太愚蠢了。36.改譯:他和克林頓總統(tǒng)交談過?？偨y(tǒng)向他保證，凡是能做到的都將盡力去做。37.改譯:夏天，密西西比河上的日出令

54、人百看不厭。38.改譯:以前，我城里有房子，山里有別墅可以避暑，出門還有小汽車可以代步。B、39.改譯:The Prime Minister and his group of aides toured the Forbidden City, where（或 in which）the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor.40.改譯:I wrote four books last year, a record never touched before.41.改譯:It would be appreciated if samples and b

55、rochures could soon be forwarded to us.42.改譯:China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-sufficiency rate will be above 95 percent under normal conditions.43.改譯:The construction of the new airport with a total investment of one billion US dollars began on October 26,1995.44.改譯:Wuhan,（which is）a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic and cultural center of