as if 用法小結(jié)（課堂PPT）

1、1as if與與as though用法用法 as if 與as though 是一組同義詞，兩者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口語中人們多半會(huì)用as if, 取其簡(jiǎn)短。as if 和as though 用法較為復(fù)雜， 2as if和和as though的功能的功能1) 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句 They talked as if they had been friends for years.2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句引導(dǎo)表語從句 He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me

2、 like a spirit. (高二冊(cè)，第92頁) He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不經(jīng)心地說了那句話。3 3) 引導(dǎo)感嘆句，表示對(duì)某種建議、假定、引導(dǎo)感嘆句，表示對(duì)某種建議、假定、 想象等的反對(duì)：想象等的反對(duì)： As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的！（相當(dāng)于：I dont care!） As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都會(huì)相信那種說法似的！ He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character，As

3、 if I ever should! 他告誡我不要同可疑的人來往，好像我真會(huì)那樣做似的！4 用于下列句型中：用于下列句型中： It looks/seems as if . 表表示示“看起來似乎看起來似乎”。 其中其中It為人稱代詞，本身并無詞義為人稱代詞，本身并無詞義, looks / seems是連系動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞，as if引出表語從句。如：引出表語從句。如： She looks as if she were ten years younger她看起來好像年輕了十歲。她看起來好像年輕了十歲。 It seems as if our team is going to win看來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭??？?/p>

4、來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕?一引導(dǎo)表語從句一引導(dǎo)表語從句5as if意為意為“ 就好象就好象” 或或 “似乎似乎似的似的”。 當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所述的當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句用或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句用陳述語氣陳述語氣，句子的謂語為，句子的謂語為 look, seem, taste, smell, sound， feel等。如：等。如： 二二 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句 It sounds as if it is raining 聽起來像是在下雨。It looks as if it might snow 看來好像要下雪了。You have a

5、cted as if you like me.It smells as if it is fresh. 聞起來很新鮮。 She loves the boy as if she were his mother她愛這男孩，就好像她是他的母親一樣。The child talked to us as if he were a grown up那孩子跟我們談起話來，像個(gè)成年人似的。6再看其她例子： Theres Hob, talking to the ticket-collector. It looks as if he hasnt got a platform ticket. 那不，霍布正在同檢票員說

6、話，看樣子還沒弄到站臺(tái)票。 You look as if youve been running. 你好像剛跑了一陣似的。 You look as if you know each other. He looks as if hes tired. It looks/seems as if youre right.試比較： He talks as if he is drunk 從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了 He walks as if he were drunk. 第一句表示“他已經(jīng)醉了”，第2句則表示“他沒有醉”。又如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It l

7、ooks as if it were going to rain. 第一例意味著快要下雨了，第二例則意味著不會(huì)下雨。 7 在通常情況下，在通常情況下， as if 和和as though 所所引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多用引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣，表，表示說話人認(rèn)為句子所敘述的情況與事實(shí)相示說話人認(rèn)為句子所敘述的情況與事實(shí)相反，是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在反，是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)。具體用法如下：的情況時(shí)。具體用法如下： 三三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。 8三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。 （1）如果

8、從句）如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般般過去時(shí)過去時(shí)。（動(dòng)詞。（動(dòng)詞be用用were,也可用也可用was）如：）如： You look as if you didnt care 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was 他說話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的樣子好像他擁有這個(gè)房子。 He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger9 He talks about Rome

9、as if he had been there before 他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過羅馬似的。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩傾聽著，一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，像已經(jīng)變成了石頭似的。 （2）從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反， 謂語動(dòng)詞用“had過去分詞”。如：三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。10但是，如果狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶有持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語，則用過去完成時(shí)但是，如果狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶有持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語，則用過去完成時(shí)： They talked as if they had been friends for years. (高

10、二，P95) (試比較：They had been friends for years.) Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞亦用過去時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞亦用過去時(shí)： She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life. 她覺得簡(jiǎn)直無法忍受這樣的生活三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。注意：談?wù)撨^去情形的動(dòng)詞形式有以下幾種：注意：談?wù)撨^去情形的動(dòng)詞形式有以下幾種：a)過去式，表示過去的狀態(tài)，如：過去式，表示過去的狀態(tài)，如： He looked

11、 at me as if I were mad. 他那樣看我，好像我是個(gè)瘋子。11b)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生或，表示過去的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生或完成，如：完成，如： It was as if he had lost his last friend. “I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified.”（高二冊(cè)，第91頁） 必須注意的時(shí)，在指過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，即使主句是現(xiàn)必須注意的時(shí)，在指過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，即使主句是

12、現(xiàn)在時(shí)，在時(shí)，as if 從句中的動(dòng)詞也要用過去完成時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)詞也要用過去完成時(shí)： You look as if youd seen a ghost. 你好像是見了鬼似的。He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself. 他講起羅馬的情況來就好像他親自到過那里似的。三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。12c)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行： He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. （高一冊(cè)，第211頁） He ran a

13、s if ghosts were chasing him. I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在腳下滑動(dòng)。d)過去將來時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)：過去將來時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)： It looked as if it was going to snow. （高一冊(cè)，第127頁） He opened his lips as if he would say something to you. 三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。133. 隨著語言的發(fā)展，隨著語言的發(fā)展，as if后面的

14、從句即使反映的不是后面的從句即使反映的不是事實(shí)，也可以不用虛擬語氣而用陳述語氣，這主要出事實(shí)，也可以不用虛擬語氣而用陳述語氣，這主要出現(xiàn)在口語或不太正式的文體中。例如：現(xiàn)在口語或不太正式的文體中。例如： With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind. 隨著這些新工具的發(fā)展，人好像突然間成為精神上的 百萬富翁似的。 Teen-agers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tel

15、l a different story.三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。14It looks like its going to rain today.She looks like shell win the race.I love that boy like he was my son.He looked like he needed someone to talk to, so we lent him an ear.He sat there smiling like it was his birthday. 4. 在非正式文體（尤其是美國英語）中，可以用在非

16、正式文體（尤其是美國英語）中，可以用like 做連詞代替做連詞代替as if 和和as though。例如：。例如：She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon. 她開始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。 三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。151) as if +不定式不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply. 他張開嘴似乎要說什么。 The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then d

17、rifted slowly over the mirror like surface of the pool as if to admire its own reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飛行速度，轉(zhuǎn)了幾圈兒，然后在清澈如鏡的水潭 上空慢慢地飄過，似乎要欣賞它自己的倒影。 5. as if和和as though從句中的從句中的省略省略 當(dāng)as if和as though從句的主語與主句一致時(shí)，該主語和后面的動(dòng)詞可以省略。于是便出現(xiàn)下面幾種結(jié)構(gòu)： 三：三：as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。從句用虛擬語氣的情況。162) as if +現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 From time to time Jaso

18、n turned round as though (he was) searching for someone.John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 約翰停下來，似乎是等瑪麗開口。Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down, as though assessing the damage. 然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活動(dòng)著它地翅膀，仿佛在估量著所受的損害。 5. as if 和和as though從句中的從句中的省略省略：173) 不定式不定式+形容詞

19、或形容詞短語形容詞或形容詞短語 Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉覺得似乎無法再忍受這種生活了。 He lay still for a long while, as if dead. 4) as if +名詞名詞 He acts as if (he was) a fool.5. as if和和as though從句中的從句中的省略省略 5) as if +副詞 He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不經(jīng)心地說了那句話。 6) as if +介詞短語介詞短語 He looked abou

20、t as if (he was) in search of something 18 6. as if-從句認(rèn)識(shí)上的一個(gè)誤區(qū)：從句認(rèn)識(shí)上的一個(gè)誤區(qū)： 普遍認(rèn)為由as if (as though)引出的表示虛擬語氣的方式狀語從句中， 如果主句的謂語是一般時(shí)，其從句的謂語一般應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的過去式 (be用were)； 反之，主句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語一般用“had +過去分詞”。 對(duì)于對(duì)于as if 的用法，的用法，一些人的認(rèn)識(shí)上存在著一個(gè)誤區(qū)即把a(bǔ)s if從句中動(dòng)詞的形式與主句的時(shí)態(tài)相聯(lián)系。196. as if-從句認(rèn)識(shí)上的一個(gè)誤區(qū)從句認(rèn)識(shí)上的一個(gè)誤區(qū) He looks as if he were ill. He looked as if he were ill. He looks as if