九年級(jí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、概念 Subjunctive Mood中文譯作"虛擬語(yǔ)氣"。它是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等含義。二、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) 1.if結(jié)構(gòu)（非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況） 與.事實(shí)相反 If從句 主句 過(guò)去 Had done Would* have done 現(xiàn)在 Were/did Would* do 將來(lái) Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadnt been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harv

2、est now. 過(guò)去 If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. 現(xiàn)在 If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. 將來(lái) 備注： （1）上表中would*可轉(zhuǎn)換為should、could、might。 （2) 如果為時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜句的話，左右兩欄可互相搭配，排列組合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadnt taken that drug. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 (3) if可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他

3、形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過(guò)去 （=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認(rèn)的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來(lái) (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I s

4、hould have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過(guò)去 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 2、wish結(jié)構(gòu) 與.事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去 Had done 現(xiàn)在 Were/did 將來(lái) Would 備注：可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他形式。 例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. 過(guò)去 I wish I were a bird. I wish he handn' done

5、that. I wish I would be rich in the future. 3、should結(jié)構(gòu) 從句中用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。而且should可以省去。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。 例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud. 注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”

6、時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest. 4、would rather 從句 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去形式表示虛擬。 例句：I would rather you did this instead of me. 5、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1）It be + 形容詞 + that （should） 用于該句型的形容詞是：necessary, good, import

7、ant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 一些名詞也可以用于 在該結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：a pity， no wonder 2）It be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that （should） 用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞是表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、命令”等詞的過(guò)去分詞。如：desired， suggested， requested， ordered， proposed等。 3）It is time（about time， high time）that （過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞形式或should動(dòng)詞原形） It is high time

8、I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 6、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有內(nèi)涵的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同 位語(yǔ)從句中，要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用：should原形動(dòng)詞。另外連接從句的that不能省 略。 例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we sh

9、ould put on a play at the English evening? 三、使用范圍及判斷 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。該語(yǔ)法主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句。也可用于主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等。 2、if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的判斷 判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判

10、斷了該句與哪一事實(shí)相反后，按虛擬語(yǔ)氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。即：在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是： 1）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示。 2）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去一般時(shí)形式表示。 3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，在從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示。 主句中則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would, should, could 等加一個(gè)與從句一致的動(dòng)詞形式。 例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out.四、注意事項(xiàng)