非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分三大類(lèi)不定時(shí) to do / to be doing / to have done / to have been doing動(dòng)名詞 doing ( 名詞 )分詞 doing / done一，不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ):1、動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為。Collecting information about children s health is his job.收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。It s ne cessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.

2、與一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型有:(1)It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever,foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句型有:It s no good (use, fun) doing.It s (a) waste of time one s doing.It s worth while doing.There is n

3、o point in doinghave fun doing二、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞做表語(yǔ):1、不定式做表語(yǔ)常表示要去做，表目的His teaching aim of this class is to train the students speak ingability. 他這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目的是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說(shuō)的能力。2、動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的解釋?zhuān)@時(shí)主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)位置可以互換Itsfull-time job is laying eggs.它的 （指蟻后 ） 的專(zhuān)職工作是產(chǎn)卵。My job isteaching.3、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征; 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Thetask

4、of this class is practising the idioms. （現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)） 4 現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行與主動(dòng)?；蛘咦鳛樾稳菰~。The joke is amusing . 這笑話(huà)很逗人。The problem is puzzling. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人不解。5 、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài)或完成某動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（ 過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）6、注意如

5、下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞用法不同:interest（ 使感興趣），surprise（使吃驚），frighten（ 使害怕）， excite（使興奮），tire（使疲勞），please（使?jié)M意），puzzle（使迷惑不 解），satisfy（使?jié)M意），amuse（使娛樂(lè)），disappoint（使失望）， inspire（使歡欣鼓舞），worry（使憂(yōu)慮）它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物，表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞常修飾人，表示被動(dòng)（包括某人的 look 、 voice 等 ） 。例如 :Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他們很疲勞After hear

6、ing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ):1、下列動(dòng)詞跟不定式做賓語(yǔ): 見(jiàn)精編2、在下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ): 見(jiàn)精編3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞意義不同。He forgot to tell me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我發(fā)信。)I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.我永遠(yuǎn)也

7、忘不了在一個(gè)普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的郵票。I regret to tell you that I can t go to your birth -day party. 我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的生日晚會(huì)了。They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他們后悔同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。I didn t mean to hurt you. 我沒(méi)有企圖傷害你。A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.真正的朋友意指不圖回報(bào)地幫助別人。4、動(dòng)名詞作need, want, require, be wort

8、h 的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。 The washing-machine needs repairing.( 或用 :needs to be repaired) 這臺(tái) 洗衣機(jī)需要修理。The point wants referring to. 這一點(diǎn)要提到。This English novel is worth reading.這本英文小說(shuō)值得一讀。The situation in Russian required studying.俄國(guó)形式需要研究。四、不定式與分詞在句中做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):1、以下動(dòng)詞后跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)醫(yī)生囑咐The doctor advised him to stay i

9、n bed for another few days.他再臥床休息幾天。We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來(lái)接受這個(gè)職位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做賓補(bǔ)。）2、有些動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用不帶“to “的不定式，這些動(dòng)詞有 :see, watch,notice, hear, feel,make, let, have 等。例如:3、下列動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用分詞做賓補(bǔ):see, watch, notice, observe,hear, feel, make, set,have, leave, keep, find 等。用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去

10、分詞做賓補(bǔ)，要看分詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。例:We heard him singing the song when we came in. 當(dāng)我們進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正唱那首歌。We have heard the song sung twice. 我們聽(tīng)過(guò)這首歌唱過(guò)兩遍了。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ):1、不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的某一特定動(dòng)作。例如:He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.他沒(méi)有房子住卻有好多活要干。Our monitor is the first to arrive.我們班長(zhǎng)是第一個(gè)到的。

11、3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別: 過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表示完成或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（ 意同 a piece of newswhich disappointedus)in the following years 在后來(lái)的幾年中（意同 in the years that followed）a well dressed woman 衣著講究的女士（ 意同 a woman who is dressed well） acar parked at the gate 停在門(mén)口的小汽車(chē)（ 意同 a car

12、 which was parked atthe gate）六、不定式與分詞做狀語(yǔ):1、不定式做狀語(yǔ)，只表示目的、結(jié)果或原因:He hurried home only to find his money stolen.他匆忙趕到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢(qián)被盜了。（ 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) ）To make himself heard, he raised his voice.為了被聽(tīng)清楚，他提高了嗓門(mén)。 （ 目的狀語(yǔ)） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.看到他的進(jìn)步，我們都很吃驚。（ 原因狀語(yǔ)）2、分詞做狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式:Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.從山上看，這座城市很美。（ 條件狀語(yǔ)） Coming into the room, he found his