(完整)初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致（就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則）就近原則：也稱 “鄰近原則 ”“就近一致原則 ” (Proximity），即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)）在 “人稱、數(shù) ”上一致。在正式文體中：1. 由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ)："there be 句型 ; or ; either； nor; neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also"等;。 e.g.What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。 Neither you nor I am wrong

2、 . 你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。2. 在倒裝句中：謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。e.g.In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。 There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。II.

3、 非正式文體中：有時(shí)依 “就近一致原則 ”，但也可依 “意義一致原則 ”或嚴(yán)格地依 “語(yǔ)法一致原則 ”。 e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意義一致 ) 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依 “就近一致原則 ”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí)，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。 e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見(jiàn)。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語(yǔ)法上，“ No one ”

4、才是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要改成 “agrees ”?！皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z(yǔ)法一致”原則。英語(yǔ)就近原則短語(yǔ)1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either

5、 Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.1= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯：as well as ；（together/along ）with ；rather than ；except ；besides ；but ；including

6、； in addition to ；apart from例子： He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主謂一致單項(xiàng)填空專練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說(shuō)來(lái) ,句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點(diǎn)。 本文以往年高考試題為例,對(duì)此考點(diǎn)作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面與with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,besides, including等 +名詞或代詞

7、連用時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. E-mail, as wel

8、l as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known5. All but one _ here just now.2A. is B. was C. has been D. were二、當(dāng)either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also

9、.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be三、 當(dāng)“

10、 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句” ,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句” ,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship forthree years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is

11、 well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well四、當(dāng) news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念 ,而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10. Every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still notclear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù) (百分?jǐn)?shù) )+o

12、f+ 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of 后面名詞的數(shù)。311. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are六、 the number of.( 的數(shù)目)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 ;當(dāng) a numberof.( 許多 )短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were七、當(dāng)“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。13. When and where to build the new facto