上海版牛津英語(yǔ)8BUnit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(共11頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上A New Newspaper知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理：I 詞組1         soon after                                

2、                     不久之后2         publish a newspaper                

3、                       出版一份報(bào)紙3         hold a meeting              

4、60;                                舉行會(huì)議4         write a report about sth. for sb.  &

5、#160;                    就某事寫一篇報(bào)告給某人5         after school                &

6、#160;                                  放學(xué)后6         at the next meeting  &#

7、160;                                      在下一次會(huì)議上7         decide

8、 to do                                                 

9、 決定做某事8         elect sb. to be sth.                                   

10、0;     選某人做9         the chief editor                                &

11、#160;             主編10     vote for sb.                            

12、60;                      投票給某人11     take charge of                   

13、                            負(fù)責(zé)12     ought (not) to = should (not)           

14、60;              應(yīng)該13     ask for suggestions                          

15、0;             征求建議14     class / school newspaper                          

16、0;     班/校報(bào)15     the Reading Club                                    

17、       讀書俱樂部16     take notes                                   &

18、#160;                 做記錄，做筆記17     different sections of the newspaper                 報(bào)紙的不同欄目18 &#

19、160;   talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.   與某人討論某事19     make a list of sth.                          

20、;                列出的清單20     be free to sb.                         &#

21、160;                       對(duì)某人是免費(fèi)的21     pay sb. money for sth.                &

22、#160;                  為付給某人錢22     have different ideas                     

23、60;                  意見各異23     a bit longer                       

24、60;                            (時(shí)間)久一點(diǎn)24     make a decision about sth.          

25、0;                  做決定25     agree to do                        

26、                           同意做某事26     agree with sb.              

27、60;                                同意某人27     agree on sth.         &#

28、160;                                       在上達(dá)成一致28     conclude the meeting

29、0;                                    結(jié)束會(huì)議29     in one weeks time = in a week   

30、;                    一個(gè)星期后 II. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.         consider  (v.) 考慮           (

31、in)considerate  (a.)  (不)體諒人的2.         publish  (v.) 出版             publishing  (n.) 出版        

32、0;    publisher  (n.) 出版者(社)3.         edit  (v.) 編輯                  editor  (n.) 編輯  

33、60;                4.         choice  (n.) 入選者          choose chose chosen  (v.) 選擇5. 

34、60;       vote  (v.) 投票                 voter  (n.) 投票人6.         elect  (v.) 選舉 

35、0;               elector  (n.) 選舉人               election  (n.) 選舉7.        

36、0;suggest  (v.) 提議            suggestion  (n.) 建議8.         experience  (n.) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)        experienced  

37、(a.) 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的9.         brief  (a.) 簡(jiǎn)短的             briefly (ad.) 簡(jiǎn)短地10.     decide  (v.) 決定      &

38、#160;       decision  (n.) 決定11.     conclude  (v.) 結(jié)束          conclusion  (n.) 結(jié)論12.     responsible  (a.)&#

39、160;有責(zé)任的                                             responsibility &#

40、160;(n.) 責(zé)任13.     (dis)agree  (v.) (不)同意    (dis)agreement  (n.) (不)同意14.     read  (v.) 閱讀                &#

41、160;reader  (n.) 讀者 III. 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper.  soon after 意為“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副詞短語(yǔ)，用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；也可作連接詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。2. They held a meeting.  句中的hold作動(dòng)詞，意為“舉行”。此處hold

42、可用have代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor.  elect此處意為“選舉，推選”。  elect sb. to be  意為“選舉某人擔(dān)任（職務(wù)）”  也可表示為: elect sb. as 4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience.  句中experience作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“經(jīng)歷”。  

43、;have experience可意為be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.  句中的charge為名詞，意為“任務(wù)，責(zé)任”。常見的搭配有：take charge of 和in charge of 。  此處take charge of與be in charge of與be responsible for可替換。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next.  ought to是個(gè)助動(dòng)

44、詞，意為“應(yīng)該”，與should同意。7. She asked for suggestions.  ask sb. for .意為“向某人尋求”suggestion意為“建議”，為可數(shù)名詞；與advice的不同之處在于，advice為不可數(shù)名詞。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中talk sth. over是“詳細(xì)討論”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”來(lái)表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it? &#

45、160;free意為“免費(fèi)的”，be free to sb.意為“對(duì)免費(fèi)”  pay for意為“付款”。  【比較】spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend的主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take常用于“占用、花費(fèi)”時(shí)間，其主語(yǔ)通常為形式主語(yǔ)it或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.

46、some time.(3) pay為“付款、賠償”之意，主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：(4) cost的主語(yǔ)必須是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.  have different ideas意為“意見各異”。  a

47、bit意為“一點(diǎn)”。1）a bit不能直接修飾名詞，須用a bit of。2）a bit可修飾形容詞及形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)，作程度狀語(yǔ)。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then.  agree to do something意為“同意做某事”；  agree with意為“同意，贊成”，后接表示人或意見觀點(diǎn)的詞；  agree on/upon/about意為“在某方面達(dá)成一致意見”。IV. 語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、主要特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞都用原形。構(gòu)成疑問句，通常把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前；構(gòu)成

48、否定句，not放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，其縮寫形式為cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt等。二、主要用法。1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。(1) can意為“能夠”，否定形式為cannot或cant。   如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could是can的過(guò)去式。因此，對(duì)于過(guò)去的時(shí)間（如yesterday, last week等），我們不用can或cant，而用could和couldnt。   如：When

49、I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)(could）,而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。  如：My little brother has been able to write.2. 用must與mustnt, have to與dont have to, neednt表示義務(wù)。(1) must用以表示“必須做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有強(qiáng)制性，表示一定的責(zé)任或義務(wù)。  

50、; 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；絕不允許”，具有強(qiáng)制性。   如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must沒有過(guò)去時(shí)，要表達(dá)過(guò)去的含義，我們可使用had to代替must。   此外，have to側(cè)重這種“義務(wù)”或“責(zé)任”源于某種客觀情況或規(guī)定，并非說(shuō)話者本人能夠控制。   如：W

51、e missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to與neednt是“不必”的意思，沒有強(qiáng)制性。兩者意思相近，但在使用時(shí)，前者有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化；后者沒有人稱變化，而且一般表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的含義。   如：It has just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garde(n.)       You neednt swim

52、in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must用于一般疑問句中，其肯定和否定回答應(yīng)引起注意。   如：Must we go now?                     我們一定要走嗎？       - Ye

53、s, we must.                       是的，我們一定要走。       - No, we mustnt.            &

54、#160;        不，我們不可以走。       Must I finish the work this week?        我一定要在這星期完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？       - Yes, you must.     &

55、#160;                是的，你一定要完成。       - No, you neednt.                     

56、;不，你不一定要完成。   從以上例子中可以看出，用must提問的一般疑問句，否定回答并不一定是mustnt。根據(jù)實(shí)際含義和情況，我們需要正確選用mustnt或neednt來(lái)回答。3. 用can, could與may表示“許可”。(1) 在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的許可，或是準(zhǔn)許你做某事時(shí)，常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could和may。can最為常用；could較為婉轉(zhuǎn)，更有禮貌；may則比較正式。   如：Can I open the window?      &

57、#160;    - Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you cant.       Could I borrow a pencil, please?    -Yes, certainly. / No, Im afraid not.       May I leave early today?    

58、60;     - Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示給予許可時(shí)，通常用can或may，而不用could。   如：Could I borrow a pencil?          - Of course you ca(n.)       May I sit here? &#

59、160;                - No, you may not.4. 用can, could與would表示“請(qǐng)求”。   當(dāng)我們需要?jiǎng)e人的幫助時(shí)，常使用can, could和would這三個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問，但在回答時(shí)，could和would則很少使用。   如：Can you open the window?  

60、     - Yes, I ca(n.)       Could you pass me the salt, please?   - Yes, certainly.       Would you help me carry my suitcase?   - No, Im afraid not.  

61、 常見的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.   常見的否定回答：Im afraid I cant / Of course not.5. 用must和cant表示“猜測(cè)”。(1) must表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)某事的發(fā)生或情況很有把握，意為“肯定；一定”。   如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) cant表示說(shuō)話者有相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐沾_定某事不會(huì)發(fā)生，意為“不可能”。 &#

62、160; 如：Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.6. 用should和ought to表示“義務(wù)”和“建議”。(1) should和ought to表示應(yīng)該做某事，或做某事的動(dòng)機(jī)是正確的。一般可以相互替換。   如：You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to的否定形式為ought not to或oughtnt to。構(gòu)成疑問句，把ought提前至主語(yǔ)前。 

63、0; 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long.       Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should和ought to用在疑問句中時(shí)，常用來(lái)詢問他人的見解或建議。   如：Ought I to finish my homework now?       

64、;- Yes, you ought to.(4) should和must的區(qū)別在于：前者多用于勸說(shuō)他人的錯(cuò)誤行為或給予他人一些建議，不具備強(qiáng)制性；而后者意為“必須”，用于規(guī)定或約束他人的行為，具有強(qiáng)制性。   如：You shouldnt be cruel to animals.       You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should和ought to常與動(dòng)

65、詞think連用。   如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes.       Its late. I think I ought to go home now.賓語(yǔ)從句一、概念。    在句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。二、語(yǔ)序。   賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成為“引導(dǎo)詞 

66、+ 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 其他”，其語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序。三、引導(dǎo)詞。1. 如從句是陳述句，用連接詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）。如：We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.2. 如從句是特殊提問句，用連接副詞why, when, where, how或連接代詞who(m), what, which引導(dǎo)。如：Do you know why I like team sports?I dont know how they got the tickets.3.

67、60;如從句是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中常用if）。if和whether意為“是否”。如；I dont know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如從句是選擇疑問句，多用連接詞whether引導(dǎo)，特別是與or not連用時(shí)。   如：I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、時(shí)態(tài)。1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。  

68、; 如：I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.       I have heard that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。   如：He said that there were no classes yesterday.       Tom told me

69、that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。   如：The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化。1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find, see, watch, hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或v-ing形式。   如：She found that the wallet

70、 lay on the ground.      - She found the wallet lie on the ground.       I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.      - I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish, decide, plan, ag

71、ree, hope等，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。   如：She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.      - She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在連接副詞/代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)或和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接副詞/代詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。   如：I havent decided when I will l

72、eave for Beijing.      - I havent decided when to leave for Beijing.       Can you tell me how I can get to the station?      - Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句和從句的

73、主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句有時(shí)也可簡(jiǎn)化為“whether + 不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。   如：I am not sure if I will go with you.       - I am not sure whether to go with you.       He doesnt know whether he will stay here or not.     

74、0; - He doesnt know whether to stay here or not.Section2:1.       詞組(1)    舉行一次會(huì)議 hold a meeting(2)    就他們的會(huì)議內(nèi)容向校長(zhǎng)寫了這份報(bào)告 write this report about their meeting for the headmaster(3)    決定選出主編

75、 decide to elect the chief editor(4)    Tony建議我們選擇Joyce Tony suggested that we (should) choose Joyce。(5)    選擇她 vote for her(6)    選擇Joyce擔(dān)任主編 elect Joyce (to be) the chief editor(7)    掌管會(huì)議 take

76、 charge of/be in charge of/be responsible for the meeting(8)    征求建議 ask for suggestions(9)    開始做紀(jì)錄start taking notes(10)負(fù)責(zé)報(bào)紙不同的版面 be responsible for different sections of the paper   paper做報(bào)紙可數(shù)(11)要求他們自己討論一下 tell them to talk it

77、 over among themselves     talk over = discuss(12)在下一次會(huì)議上做出決定 decide at the next meeting/make a decision at the next meeting(13)羅列一些其他的事項(xiàng) make a list of some other things(14)簡(jiǎn)單地討論了最后一個(gè)問題 consider the last question briefly(15)再考慮一段時(shí)間 th

78、ink about this a bit/a little longer(16)同意結(jié)束會(huì)議 agree to conclude the meeting(17)安排一周后/二周后舉行第二次會(huì)議arrange to have the next meeting in one weeks time/two weeks time(18)在意見上達(dá)成一致agree on ideas(19)你該贏 You deserved to win!(20)我為你高興! Im delighted for you!(21)多可惜啊! What a shame!

79、/What a pity!(22)選我做班長(zhǎng) elect me monitor(23)一點(diǎn)不錯(cuò)!/完全同意 You can say that again! = I cant agree more!2.       詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 （動(dòng)詞注意時(shí)態(tài)，名詞注意單復(fù)數(shù)）elect            v. 選舉      

80、;  election n.  edit              v. 編輯        editor n.suggest          v. 建議    

81、60;   suggestion n.experience     un.經(jīng)驗(yàn)         experienced adj.    experiences cn. 經(jīng)歷read             v. 讀者        reader n.bri