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1、初中語法專題一時態(tài)普通如今時普經(jīng)過去時如今進展時過去進展時如今完成時過去完成時普通未來時過去未來時普通如今時普通如今時一、普通如今時:一、普通如今時:概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及如今的某種情況。作或行為及如今的某種情況。時間狀語:時間狀語:always, usually, often, always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, year, month), once a week, on Sund

2、ays, etc.on Sundays, etc.根本構(gòu)造:根本構(gòu)造:bebe動詞;行動詞;行為動詞為動詞否認(rèn)方式:否認(rèn)方式:am/is/are+not;am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的此時態(tài)的謂語動詞假設(shè)為行為動詞,謂語動詞假設(shè)為行為動詞,那么在其前加那么在其前加dont,dont,如主語為如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),那么用第三人稱單數(shù),那么用doesntdoesnt,同時復(fù)原行為動詞。,同時復(fù)原行為動詞。普通疑問句:把普通疑問句:把bebe動詞放動詞放于句首;用助動詞于句首;用助動詞dodo提問,提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),那如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),那么用么用doesdoes,同時,復(fù)原行為,

3、同時,復(fù)原行為動詞。動詞。什么情況下用?表示經(jīng)?;蛄?xí)慣性的動作或存在的形狀。表示主語通常的才干、興趣喜好、和性格特征。表示客觀的現(xiàn)實或真理。表示按照時辰表或曾經(jīng)方案安排好的未來行為。只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示開場或挪動意義的詞。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句用普通未來時(will+動詞原形),從句中用普通如今時表未來。主將從現(xiàn)當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時,謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)方式,加-s/es。除此之外都用動詞原形。動詞第三人稱單數(shù)方式變化規(guī)那么 規(guī)那么例子普通在詞尾加-s,(清輔音后讀/s/

4、,在濁輔音后讀/z/;在t后讀/ts/,在d后讀/dz/。)Playplays leaveleavesswimswims以字母s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的詞加-es,讀/iz/,假設(shè)動詞原形詞尾已有e,那么只加-s。pass passes fixfixesteachteaches wishwishesdodoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,先變y為i, 再加-es,讀/z/studystudies carrycarriesflyflies1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle 1. He_(be, am, is, are) a t

5、eacher at No. 2 Middle School.School.2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.morning.4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time.4. He always _(come, comes

6、 ) to school on time.5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. The earth _(move, moves) rou

7、nd the sun.8. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun.9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.tomorrow.10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, 10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.ha

8、s) time tomorrow.11. He wont come to the party unless he 11. He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited._(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, 12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) es, will come) back.13. Pleas

9、e return the book to the library as soon 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.reading it.14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget

10、 him.will never forget him.普經(jīng)過去時概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或形狀;概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或形狀;過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語:時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one

11、 day, long 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.long ago, once upon a time, etc.根本構(gòu)造:根本構(gòu)造:bebe動詞;行為動詞動詞;行為動詞否認(rèn)方式:否認(rèn)方式:was/were+not;was/were+not;在行為動詞在行為動詞前加前加didntdidnt,同時復(fù)原行為動詞。,同時復(fù)原行為動詞。普通疑問句:普通疑問句:waswas或或werewere放于句首;用放于句首;用助動詞助動詞dodo的過去式的過去式did did 提問,同

12、時復(fù)原行為提問,同時復(fù)原行為動詞。動詞。謂語動詞運用過去式方式,加ed,分為規(guī)那么和不規(guī)那么變化。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,也可用“used to do 和“would +動詞原形。構(gòu)成規(guī)那么構(gòu)成規(guī)那么例子普通在動詞原形末尾加-ed,(在清輔音后讀/t/;在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/;在/t/,/d/后讀/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikeliked livelivedhopehoped末尾只需一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字

13、母y的動詞,先變“y為“i再加-edstudystudied worryworriedcrycried1. He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment 1. He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago.ago.2. They _(be, was, were, been) here just 2. They _(be, was, were, been) here just now.now.3. The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) 3. The scientists

14、_(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.for America yesterday.4. Last week we _(visit, visited ) the 4. Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.Science Museum.5. When I was a child, I often _(play, played) 5. When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football.football.6. Th

15、e students ran out of the classroom as 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).如今進展時作謂語的動詞用來表示動作情況發(fā)生時間的各種方式稱為時態(tài)。1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進展的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, look. listen等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。3.根本構(gòu)造:主語+be +doing +其他4.否認(rèn)方式:主

16、語+be +not +doing+其他5.普通疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。6. 6. 用法:如今進展時表示用法:如今進展時表示1) 1)、如今說話的瞬間正、如今說話的瞬間正在進展或發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)在進展或發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)“此時此刻。此時此刻。 E.g. He is reading . E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.They are talking now.2) 2)、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進展的動作?;颥F(xiàn)階段正在進展的動作。E.g. They are working these days.E.g. They

17、are working these days.3) 3)、 某些動詞的如今進展時,某些動詞的如今進展時,表預(yù)定的方案或即將發(fā)生的表預(yù)定的方案或即將發(fā)生的動作。動作。E.g I am coming.E.g I am coming. 如今分詞的變法有如今分詞的變法有1) 1)、普通在動詞詞尾加上、普通在動詞詞尾加上- -ing ,E.g. jumping ,E.g. jump2) 2)、以不發(fā)音字母、以不發(fā)音字母e e結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的動詞,先去動詞,先去e e,再加,再加-ing. -ing. E.g have writeE.g have write3) 3)、. .以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾

18、只需一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,需一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,它前面是單個元音字母時它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上寫,再加上-ing. E.g. sit put -ing. E.g. sit put 其句式變換都在其句式變換都在bebe上做文上做文章。章。1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.They _(study, is st

19、udying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.過去進展時1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時辰正在發(fā)生或進展的行為或動作。 2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是普經(jīng)過去時的時間狀語等。 3.根本構(gòu)造 主語+was/we

20、re +doing +其他 4.否認(rèn)方式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.普通疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫 其句式變化依然要在be上做文章。過去進展時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用,如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有時沒有時間狀語,要經(jīng)過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進展時。1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do,

21、did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.普通未來時構(gòu)成構(gòu)成: :will,shall+will,shall+動詞原形,其中動詞原形,其中shallshall只用只用于第一人稱。于第一人稱。be going to

22、 +be going to +動詞原形,表動詞原形,表示客觀計劃,按方案,安排要發(fā)生的事情。示客觀計劃,按方案,安排要發(fā)生的事情。 be to +be to +動詞原形,表示客觀安排動詞原形,表示客觀安排 be be about to +about to +不定式,意為馬上要做某事,正不定式,意為馬上要做某事,正要做某事。某些動詞,可用進展時態(tài)表要做某事。某些動詞,可用進展時態(tài)表未來,如未來,如come, go, arrive, leavecome, go, arrive, leave。在時間。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句用普通狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句用普通未來時未來時(will

23、+(will+動詞原形動詞原形) ),從句中用普通如,從句中用普通如今時表未來。普通如今時可表示按時間今時表未來。普通如今時可表示按時間表發(fā)生的未來的動作表發(fā)生的未來的動作( (限限start, begin, arrive, start, begin, arrive, end, close, leave-end, close, leave-等表示開場或挪動意義的等表示開場或挪動意義的詞詞) )時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 否認(rèn)方

24、式:主語否認(rèn)方式:主語+am/is/are not going to do +am/is/are not going to do ;主語主語+will/shall not do+will/shall not do+其他其他 普通疑問句:普通疑問句:bebe放于句首;放于句首;will/shallwill/shall提到句首。提到句首。 e.g. She will be back in three days. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. She will not be back

25、in three days. Will She be back in three days? Will She be back in three days? They are going to clean their classroom. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom? Are they

26、 going to clean their classroom? 1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes. A wit

27、h B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It

28、_my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 過去未來時構(gòu)成:構(gòu)成:would + would + 動詞原形,或未來時的動詞原形,或未來時的其它過去構(gòu)成方式其它

29、過去構(gòu)成方式was going to dowas going to do表示以過去某一時間為參照,在過去看將表示以過去某一時間為參照,在過去看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的形狀。在賓語從句要發(fā)生的動作或存在的形狀。在賓語從句及間接引語中,時態(tài)呼應(yīng),經(jīng)常會用到過及間接引語中,時態(tài)呼應(yīng),經(jīng)常會用到過去未來時。如去未來時。如I thought it was going to be I thought it was going to be fun. fun. 時間狀語:時間狀語:-soon/the next day-that-soon/the next day-that-clause(clause(名詞性從句

30、或上下文中名詞性從句或上下文中-)-)1.I told my friend that I _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) ou

31、t when it started to rain.如今完成時1. 1.概念:表示發(fā)生在過去,繼續(xù)到如概念:表示發(fā)生在過去,繼續(xù)到如今,能夠剛剛終了也有能夠繼續(xù)進今,能夠剛剛終了也有能夠繼續(xù)進展下去的動作或形狀,甚至延續(xù)到展下去的動作或形狀,甚至延續(xù)到未來,并對如今呵斥一定的影響或未來,并對如今呵斥一定的影響或結(jié)果。常與結(jié)果。常與since+since+過去時間過去時間, for+, for+一段時間連用。表示與如今有聯(lián)絡(luò)一段時間連用。表示與如今有聯(lián)絡(luò)的過去的動作。的過去的動作。2. 2.時間狀語:時間狀語:yet, already, just, never, yet, already, ju

32、st, never, ever, so far, by now, since+ever, so far, by now, since+時間點,時間點,for+for+時間段,時間段,recently, lately, in the past recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. few years, etc. 3. 3.根本構(gòu)造:主語根本構(gòu)造:主語+have/has +p.p+have/has +p.p過去分詞過去分詞+ +其他其他 4. 4.否認(rèn)方式:主語否認(rèn)方式:主語+have/has + not +have/has + not +p.

33、p+p.p過去分詞過去分詞+ +其他其他 5. 5.普通疑問句:普通疑問句:have/has+have/has+主語主語 +p.p +p.p過去分詞過去分詞+ +其他其他? ?非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞 非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性,常見的有延續(xù)性,常見的有come, go, come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, join, die, buy, find, stop, bec

34、ome, open, borrow, lend, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, killlose, kill等,這些動詞不能和等,這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。用。 但是,非延續(xù)性動詞的但是,非延續(xù)性動詞的否認(rèn)方式可以表示形狀的延否認(rèn)方式可以表示形狀的延續(xù),可與續(xù),可與for/sincefor/since等時間狀語等時間狀語連用。連用。 有些同窗錯誤地以為這類非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成

35、時態(tài)中。其實,錯誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段的錯誤搭配,與如今完成時態(tài)無關(guān)。延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的運用延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的運用 在詳細(xì)的言語環(huán)境中,往往會出現(xiàn)非延在詳細(xì)的言語環(huán)境中,往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響,往往錯誤地直譯為:漢語影響,往往錯誤地直譯為:He has fallen asleep for an hour.He has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小時了。他睡了一小時了。His father has died for three years.His father

36、has died for three years.他父親去世三年了。他父親去世三年了。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時,我們往往采取以下處當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時,我們往往采取以下處理方法:理方法:1將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的形狀動詞。所謂形狀動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的形狀。如: He has been asleep for an hour. fall asleep,“入睡為短暫動作,但be asleep“睡著那么為形狀動詞,可延續(xù)。 His father has been dead for three years.die為短暫動詞,“死后的形狀可用“be dead這種系表構(gòu)造來描畫,可延續(xù)。常見的這種動

37、詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類:常見的這種動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類: go therebe there, come backbe back, go therebe there, come backbe back, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, beginbe on, openbe open, closebe beginbe on, openbe open, closebe closed, diebe dead, leavebe away from, get closed, dieb

38、e dead, leavebe away from, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe marriedmarried,come be income

39、 be in,finish be overfinish be over, leaver be awayleaver be away have have hashasbeen been 和和have have hashas gone gone 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 have been to a placehave been to a place意思是意思是“到過、去過,表示曾到到過、去過,表示曾到過某處,但如今人不在那兒;過某處,但如今人不在那兒;have gone to a placehave gone to a place表示表示“去去了,曾經(jīng)去了某地,如今了,曾經(jīng)去了某地,如今人能夠在去的途中或曾

40、經(jīng)到人能夠在去的途中或曾經(jīng)到那兒了。那兒了。You have _ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2. He has _ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had3. Has your brother _ the dog? A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on4. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed

41、 C kept D have kept5. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 7. The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im

42、sorry, I _ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open10 We have_ all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up. A planted ha

43、s B planted have C has planted D have planted巧解如今完成時態(tài)題巧解如今完成時態(tài)題技巧技巧1: 1:尋覓如今完成時中的尋覓如今完成時中的“段時間段時間。(1) (1) 如今完成時表示過去曾經(jīng)開場并如今完成時表示過去曾經(jīng)開場并繼續(xù)到如今的動作或形狀繼續(xù)到如今的動作或形狀, ,多和表示多和表示一段時間的狀語連用一段時間的狀語連用:for+:for+一段時一段時間間;since+;since+點時間點時間(since(since作連詞后接從作連詞后接從句時句時, ,該從句要用普經(jīng)過去時該從句要用普經(jīng)過去時) ) 。(2) (2) 如今完成時態(tài)也用在含有如今

44、完成時態(tài)也用在含有during / during / in/ over the last yearsin/ over the last years或或in recent yearsin recent years等的句子中。等的句子中。趁熱打鐵1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so

45、far.have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time.He is fine, but busy.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come

46、 技巧技巧2: 2:尋覓如今完成時的副尋覓如今完成時的副詞標(biāo)志或句型。詞標(biāo)志或句型。(1) (1) 在做時態(tài)題時在做時態(tài)題時, ,留意察看句留意察看句中能否有常用于如今完成時中能否有常用于如今完成時的副詞的副詞:yet, already, never, lately, :yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) recently, ever, just, before, (ever) sincesince等。等。(2) (2) 句型句型:It has been + :It has been + 段時間段時

47、間+since + +since + 過去時過去時. . 也可以表示也可以表示為為: It is + : It is + 段時間段時間+since + +since + 過過去時去時. .趁熱打鐵趁熱打鐵What are you going to do this weekend? What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. I _ yet.havenhavent decided B. wont decided B. wont decide t decide C. have decided D. didnC. have decided D. d

48、idnt decide t decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we la

49、st _ in . 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in . was, met B. has been, met was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weather been like this? 4. How long has the weather been like this? _. _.Until last night B. Ever since last night Until last nig

50、ht B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later C. Two days ago D. Two days later 技巧技巧3: 3:把握把握have been tohave been to與與have gone tohave gone to的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。 have been to have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某處曾經(jīng)去過某處( (如今曾經(jīng)如今曾經(jīng)不在那個地方不在那個地方, ,強調(diào)以前的閱歷強調(diào)以前的閱歷) )have gone tohave gone to去了某處去了某處( (強調(diào)主語曾經(jīng)強調(diào)主語曾經(jīng)分開說話

51、者所在的地方分開說話者所在的地方, ,如今還沒有如今還沒有回來回來) ) 趁熱打鐵1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there this morning. A. goes

52、B. has gone C. has beenD. go 3. How many times _ you _ to this year? Three times. have, been B. had, been C. have, gone D. had gone 技巧技巧4: 4:分清延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動分清延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。詞。延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以繼續(xù)延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以繼續(xù)的動詞。如的動詞。如:have, keep, study, live, :have, keep, study, live, teachteach等。等。非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完成的動詞。如成的動詞。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend:begin, buy, borrow, lend等。等。做題時做題時, ,要留意句中能否有段時間要留意句中能否有段時間, ,假假設(shè)有那么用延續(xù)性動詞。設(shè)有那么用延續(xù)性動詞。趁熱打鐵1. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it s

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