考研英語閱讀理解精讀P11-醫(yī)學(xué)

1、2015考研英語閱讀理解精讀P11醫(yī)學(xué)Passage 11Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more t

2、han eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke-probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neuro

3、surgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that

4、 in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

5、"I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours," one writes. "I literally f

6、ell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.""Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey T

7、urnpike, going 65 m.p.h." "Your own patients have become the enemy," writes a third, because they are "the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep."Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introd

8、uced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State's regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the Univer

9、sity of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes "doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government."The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worr

10、ied about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.注(1)：本文選自Time;3/11/2002, p73, 3/4p, 1c;注(2)：本

11、文習(xí)題命題模仿對象：第1、2題分別模仿1999年真題text4的第1題和text2的第2題;第3題模仿1998年真題text3的第2題;第4、5題分別模仿2004年真題text2的第3題和text3的第5題;1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.A people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illnessB poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorderC stroke is often associa

12、ted with sleepD too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face, the author implies that _.A doctors often need little sleep to keep them energeticB doctors sleep is deprived by residentsC doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problemsD sleep-deprive

13、d doctors are intoxicated3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to _.A entertain the audience with some anecdotesB discuss the cause of doctors sleep problemsC show the hostility doctors harbor against their patientsD exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep4. By “doctors should be bound

14、by their conscience, not by the government” (line 6, paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that _.A doctors should not abide by governments regulationsB the government is interfering too muchC the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specificD law can not force a doctor to sleep while

15、 his conscience can5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A Patients should control the hours of their doctors.B Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors.C Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.D People concerned

16、 have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.答案：B C D B C篇章剖析：本篇文章采用提出問題-分析問題-解決問題的模式指出了醫(yī)生睡眠不足會帶來的危害以及解決辦法。第一段說明了睡眠對人的影響，第二段指出了醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題以及醫(yī)生對此的態(tài)度，第三段和第四段以兩個事例說明醫(yī)生睡眠不足可能帶來的危害，第四段介紹了針對這一問題政府所采取的措施以及醫(yī)生對此的反應(yīng)，最后一段分別對病人，相關(guān)人員及醫(yī)生提出建議。詞匯注釋：underlying adj. 隱晦的; 潛在的resident n. 醫(yī)住院醫(yī)生deprived adj

17、. 缺乏的，不足的neurosurgeon n. 神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生intoxicated adj. 醉酒的dismissal n. 免職, 解雇anonymous adj.Turnpike n. AmE. 收費公路，收通行稅的公路provision n. 規(guī)定;條款staffer n. 職員infallibility n. 絕無錯誤, 絕對可靠性難句突破：1. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day

18、 and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke-probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.主體句式：a study reported that結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個復(fù)雜長句，包含一個賓語從句(reported之后由that引導(dǎo))，兩個定語從句(who引導(dǎo)的修飾people的從句和that引導(dǎo)修飾disorder的從句)，一個比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式(three times as lik

19、ely to)和一個容易理解錯誤的動詞短語keepfrom。句子譯文：上個月由布法羅大學(xué)所做的一項研究顯示那些每天習(xí)慣睡八個小時以上但仍然感覺疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的危險是普通人的三倍-也許這是一種潛在的紊亂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，正是這種紊亂才讓他們難以安睡。2. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.主體句式：surgeons ofte

20、n dont think twice about結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句涉及定語從句(who引導(dǎo)的修飾surgeons的從句)，賓語從句(believe后面由that引導(dǎo)的從句)，和一個英語習(xí)語think twice about something以及容易引起歧義的介詞without。句子譯文：令人好奇的是，那些認為酒后作業(yè)應(yīng)該被免職的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下操刀手術(shù)卻很少認真思考。題目分析1. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。從第一段最后一句話中的“probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing s

21、oundly”可以看出潛在的紊亂可能導(dǎo)致人們睡眠質(zhì)量不高，雖然睡眠時間長，但仍然感到疲憊。因此B項是正確的。2. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句話說醫(yī)生們雖然們認為醉酒開刀應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)懲，但對于在睡眠不足的情況下做手術(shù)卻并不“think twice”。由此可見C是正確的。3. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段指出醫(yī)生睡眠不足以及醫(yī)生對此缺乏重視的問題，緊接著就在第3、4段里舉了幾個例子：醫(yī)生的臉差點碰到傷口;醫(yī)生開車時在方向盤上睡著;醫(yī)生撞車;醫(yī)生撞到公路收費站欄桿等，可見這些例子是要說明睡眠不足的醫(yī)生可能帶來的危害。4. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。對于政府制定法規(guī)解決醫(yī)生睡眠不足的

22、問題，文章第五段第四行說：“Most doctors, however, resist such interference”，并進一步引用Charles Binkley醫(yī)生的話進行論證，可見Charles Binkley也認為政府干預(yù)過多了。所以應(yīng)該選擇B。5. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。文章在最后給醫(yī)生提出建議，認為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該放棄他們決不出錯的姿態(tài)，得到充足的休息，否則“patients are on their own”，病人就只能聽天由命了。由此可見C是正確答案。參考譯文睡眠是一件有趣的事情。我們被教導(dǎo)每晚要睡七到八個小時，但我們很多人并沒有睡夠這個時間卻依然身體健康，而我們中的一些人實際上

23、睡得過多。上個月由布法羅大學(xué)所做的一項研究顯示那些每天習(xí)慣睡八個小時以上但仍然感覺疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的危險是普通人的三倍-也許這是一種潛在的紊亂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，正是這種紊亂才讓他們難以安睡。醫(yī)生們也有自己的睡眠問題。住院醫(yī)生以缺少睡眠而著稱。我在受訓(xùn)成為一名神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生的時候，時常會連續(xù)工作40個小時。我們大多數(shù)人對此不以為意，自信我們?nèi)匀荒軌蚪o病人最高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療護理。也許我們不應(yīng)該對自己這么自信。美國醫(yī)學(xué)會雜志上刊登的一篇文章指出，一個人如果連續(xù)24小時不睡，那么到了早晨，他的運動能力就和喝醉了酒的人差不多。令人好奇的是，那些認為醉酒做手術(shù)應(yīng)該被免職的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下做手術(shù)卻很少認真

24、思考。“我可以告訴你一些恐怖故事，”美國醫(yī)學(xué)生學(xué)會主席杰雅阿格拉瓦說。阿格拉瓦經(jīng)營著一個網(wǎng)站，住院醫(yī)生們可以在那里匿名留言，講一些奇聞軼事。有一些故事非?？膳隆！拔耶?dāng)時在做手術(shù)，已經(jīng)有36個小時沒有睡覺了，”其中一人寫道?！拔也畈欢嗾局?，而且我的臉幾乎碰到了傷口?！薄皩嶋H上我認識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都曾經(jīng)有過在下班開車回家的路上在方向盤上睡著的經(jīng)歷，”另一人寫道。“我聽說有三個人還曾經(jīng)撞在停放好的汽車上。另一個人在紐約收費公路上行駛時以65英里的時速撞上了一個收費站欄桿?！薄澳阕约旱牟∪硕汲闪藬橙?，”第三個人寫道，因為他們“把你和幾個小時的睡眠隔開了。”阿格拉瓦的組織支持由密歇根眾議員約翰

25、科尼爾斯去年十一月提出的“2001年病人和醫(yī)生安全保護規(guī)定”。該規(guī)定模仿紐約州的法規(guī)，其關(guān)鍵規(guī)定包括一周工作80小時，最多24小時輪一次班等。不過，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生討厭這種干涉。查爾斯賓克利是密歇根大學(xué)的一位資深住院外科醫(yī)生，他也認為需要采取一些措施，但在他看來“醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到良心的約束，而不是政府的管制。”在美國，飛行員和卡車司機的工作時間都有著嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生們制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人就得聽天由命了。如果你擔(dān)心給你治病的人或者一個你愛的人，你可以大膽問他們每天睡幾個小時，以及可不可以找到休息得更好的職員。對醫(yī)生來說，他們不能繼續(xù)擺出一副從不出錯的樣子，而應(yīng)該得到充分的休息。凱程教育：凱

26、程考研成立于2005年，國內(nèi)首家全日制集訓(xùn)機構(gòu)考研，一直從事高端全日制輔導(dǎo)，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級考研教研隊伍組成，為學(xué)員全程高質(zhì)量授課、答疑、測試、督導(dǎo)、報考指導(dǎo)、方法指導(dǎo)、聯(lián)系導(dǎo)師、復(fù)試等全方位的考研服務(wù)。凱程考研的宗旨：讓學(xué)習(xí)成為一種習(xí)慣；凱程考研的價值觀口號：凱旋歸來，前程萬里；信念：讓每個學(xué)員都有好最好的歸宿；使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業(yè)的考研輔導(dǎo)機構(gòu)；激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；敬業(yè)：以專業(yè)的態(tài)度做非凡的事業(yè)；服務(wù)：以學(xué)員的前途為已任，為學(xué)員提供高效、專業(yè)的服務(wù)，團隊合作，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)員引路。如何選擇考研輔導(dǎo)班：在考研準(zhǔn)備的過程中，會遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業(yè)考生的專業(yè)課來說，通過報輔導(dǎo)班來彌補自己復(fù)習(xí)的不足，可以大大提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，節(jié)省復(fù)習(xí)時間，大家可以通過以下幾個方面來考察輔導(dǎo)班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導(dǎo)班。 師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導(dǎo)班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導(dǎo)名師的輔導(dǎo)年限、輔導(dǎo)