動(dòng)詞不定式專題：不帶to不定式的十八種情況

1、不帶to不定式的十八種情況動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶有符號(hào)to,叫做帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(infinitive with "to"), 動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)不帶符號(hào) to,叫做不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(infinitive without "to")不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式通常有下面十八種情況：一、與助動(dòng)詞do連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定、疑問(wèn)和強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。(1)He does not work in the factory.他不在這家工廠上班。Does she work herd她在這兒上班嗎？(3)I did not see her yesterday.我昨天沒(méi)有看見她。(4)Did

2、 they take you home? 他們把你送回家了嗎？(5)He does look tired.他看上去的確累了。(6)They did come yesterday.他們昨天確實(shí)來(lái)了。二、與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)(1)I can speak English.我會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2)May I come in? 我能進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？(3)Dare he swim across the river?他敢游過(guò)這條河嗎？(4)We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.我們必須工作，首 先我們要信得過(guò)自己。(5)Could you

3、do something for me?你能為我做點(diǎn)事嗎？(6)You shall go at once.你得馬上走。(7)He might be working in the office now.他這會(huì)兒可能正在上班。(8)I don't think you need have come yesterday 我覺(jué)得你昨天沒(méi)必要來(lái)。(9)They should be here by now.他們這會(huì)兒應(yīng)該到了。(10)If you will go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you are sure to uncov

4、er a city of ant "people".如果你愿意去田間掀開幾塊大石頭，你肯定能 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)“義民城”。但與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought(to)連用時(shí)通常帶to,和used(to)連用時(shí)必須帶to三、在表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如：see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice,observe, perceive儻;察，看見),behold (書面用語(yǔ)見到”)等后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 的動(dòng)詞不定。(1)I saw her cross the street.我看見她過(guò)了大街。(2)He looked at the children walk

5、 up the hill.他看著孩子們上了 山。(3)I watched the boy cross the road.我看到那男孩過(guò)了馬路。(4)I heard her play the piano.我聽見她彈鋼琴了。(5)He listened to us talk.他聽我們說(shuō)話。(6)I felt the floor move. 我感到地板動(dòng)了。I didn ' t notice you enter沒(méi)注意到你進(jìn)來(lái)。(8)He observed someone open the door.他注意至 U有人把門打開。(9)I did not perceive anyone come

6、in. 我沒(méi)察覺(jué)有人進(jìn)來(lái)。(10)He beheld her go out.他見她出去了。但除notice, watch不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)外，上述動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后的動(dòng) 詞不定式就不省to(1)She was seen to cross street.有人看見她過(guò)了 馬路。She was heard to play the piano.有人聽見她彈鋼琴。四、使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have, bid, leave(=let后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式 不帶to(1)You may take a horse to the water, but you can't make him d

7、rink. 馬到河邊是 小事，讓它喝水難上難。(2)I'll let him do it.我會(huì)讓他做這事的。(3)Don't forget to have them come.別忘了讓他們來(lái)。(4)Bid him go home. 吩咐他回家。(5)Leave him go. 讓他走。動(dòng)詞have通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，make和bid可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，let偶爾也 可用于被動(dòng)態(tài)，用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶 to,但在make和let后 有時(shí)可以不帶to(1)John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment.

8、約翰被罰洗一 個(gè)禮拜的卡車。(2)He was made(to) laugh.他被逗笑了。(3)The child was let(to) do it.這個(gè)孩子被迫做這事。五、never與know連用其后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可省 to,其時(shí)態(tài) 多為完成時(shí)態(tài)。(1)I never knew him act without thinking.我從來(lái)不知道他那么 莽撞。(2)I've never known it snow in July before.我以前從來(lái)不知道七月會(huì)下雪。(3)I had never known her ask for pity before.我以前不知道她會(huì)乞

9、求憐憫。有時(shí)ever與known連用也有上述用法。(1)Have you ever known me tell a lie? 你知道我撒過(guò)謊嗎？六、在find后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)可以省to,但如動(dòng)詞為be,那么一般不省to,要省一起省略"to be"(1)We found the farm crops(to) do well.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)很好。(2)I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.我發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人很快樂(lè)。(3)I found this to be true in all the citi

10、es. 關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)城市都是如 此。(4)We found him (to be) honest/dishonest.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他誠(chéng)實(shí)(不誠(chéng)實(shí))。七、在 cannot but, cannot help but, can not choose but,had better(best),would(had) rather(sooner)- than ，would as soon 勺后的動(dòng)詞不定一般不帶 toWhen the country calls you for help, you cannot but go. 當(dāng)國(guó)家需要你的時(shí)候，你別無(wú)選擇。(2)He can't help

11、but feel sorry for her.他禁不住為她感到遺憾。(3)He cannot choose but obey.他只有®從的份兒。(4)I had better leave now, or I'll be late.我最好現(xiàn)在就走，不然就晚了。(5)He had best buy it now while it is still available. 趁現(xiàn)在還有，他最好買了。(6)I would rather go mountain-climbing than just take a walk. 他寧肯去爬山也 不愿散步。(7)My aunt invited m

12、e to the movies, but I said I had rather go on a picnic with the girls.姨媽請(qǐng)我看電影，可我說(shuō)我想陪女生去野餐。(8)I had sooner live on a farm than in the city. 我寧肯住在農(nóng)場(chǎng)也不愿住在城 市。(9)He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deeds.他寧 肯放棄也不愿參與這么虛偽的事情。(10)I'd rather not tell you.我寧肯不告訴你。(11)He said

13、 he'd sooner die than betray his friend.他說(shuō)死也不愿出賣朋友。八、在but(二except),besides,than后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要帶 to,但如果其 前有作謂語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,則不定式不帶to(1)The soldier has no choice but to obey. 士兵只能®從。(2)He did not have any choice but to obey.他只有®從。(3)She did nothing but clean the dishes.她只洗盤子。(4)The children found t

14、here was nothing they could do with their money, except spend it on sweets.孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的錢只能買些糖果。(5)There seemednothing else to do but(to)send for a doctor. 好像只能請(qǐng)大夫 了。(but前的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do不作謂語(yǔ)，but后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to) (6)He did nothing else than laugh.他只好笑了。I could hardly do less than wait.我只好等待。九、不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d

15、o,且句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)(多為is或was),不定式可以帶to也可不帶to(1)What we must do now is (to) find anther person to help us.我們這會(huì)兒要做的就是再找個(gè)人幫我們。(2)All he could do was (to) rush into the room.他所能做的就是沖進(jìn)房間。如句子的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般 要帶to(1)She knew that all she would have to do would be to stop crying. 她知道她只 有停止哭泣。

16、十、rather than位于旬首時(shí)，其后用不帶 to的不定式，但rather than在旬 中時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to(1)Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他總是 喜歡騎自行車，而不愿去擠公交車。(2)Rather than cause trouble, he left.不愿惹麻煩，他就離開了。(3)He prefers to rent a car rather than (to) have one of his own. 他喜歡租車不想 買車。十一、在動(dòng)詞he

17、lp后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶，在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，多用不帶to的不定式，但在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，help+賓語(yǔ)+不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不帶to的不定式表示主語(yǔ)直接參與不定式的表示的動(dòng)作，用帶 to 的不定式表示主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有直接參與不定式的表示的動(dòng)作。(1)He helped me repair the bicycle.他幫我修了 自行車。(2)He helped me to repair the bicycle.他幫我修了 自行車。(3)This kind of soap helps us to wash the clothes more easily. 這種肥皂讓我們 的衣服更好洗。(4)

18、The book will help you to study English.這本書對(duì)你學(xué)英語(yǔ)有幫助。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，help后的不定式要帶toShe was helped to repair her bicycle.有人幫她修自行車。在help(to) do sth不定式符號(hào)to可省略。He helped (to) repair the machine.他幫忙修這臺(tái)機(jī)器。十二、兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式并列在一起時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式帶to,后面的不定式一般省去to(1)Her job is to take care of the children and wash clothes.她的工作是照

19、料小孩和洗衣服。(2)The girl doesn't know how to read and write. 這個(gè)女孩是個(gè)文盲。但如果是在對(duì)照?qǐng)龊?，則不省去to(1)It is better to laugh than to cry.笑比哭好。(2)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技術(shù)的目的是讓生活更加便利，而不是更難。十三、than連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，后一個(gè)不定式可以省to (1)You might do worse than

20、(to) do as he does.你可能沒(méi)他做得好。(2)I cannot do better than (to)get away for the few days.我最好離開些日子。下面句子中than連接的不是兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式than后的動(dòng)詞不定式通常要 帶to(1)I know better than to believe him.我知道要相信他的話。(2)The beaten enemy had no choice than to surrender. 遭受打擊的敵人只好投 降。下旬中的more than(=only)可以看成復(fù)合副詞，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to(1)I did not more than make a beginning. 我才剛剛開始。十四、在why, why not后的不定式不帶to(1)Why spend such a lot of money?為啥花這么多錢？(2)Why not join us? 為什么不跟我們一塊兒干？(3)Why don't you smoke? 你為什么不抽煙？十五、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dare在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，其所在的否定句或疑問(wèn)旬中，它后的動(dòng)詞不定式可省to,尤其在一