考研英語常用要點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)

1、考研 1 號(hào)英語精品，祝您考研成功！ 定語從句 一、定語從句的概念 什么是定語從句？ 例 : A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least. 用來修飾前面的名詞或者代詞的具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子就叫著定語從句。有兩個(gè)必 備的基本元素。一個(gè)是先行詞；一個(gè)是關(guān)系詞。 1.名詞或代詞做先行詞。 例：He laughs best who laughs last. 2.短語做先行詞。Many of life's problems which were solved by aski

2、ng family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.用句子做先行詞。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. I a

3、m a student which you all know. 當(dāng)先行詞與關(guān)系詞被割裂時(shí)是如何表現(xiàn)的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might - surprise! - fall off. 找先行詞的方法。反證法。把它帶進(jìn)去。哪一個(gè)是通順的，哪一個(gè)就是先行詞。 1. 翻譯定語從句。 2. 結(jié)合先行詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和位置特征在關(guān)系詞之前尋找與定語從句的意思的有邏輯 關(guān)系相符合的詞。 二、定語從句里面的關(guān)系代詞的用法。 1.常用的關(guān)系代詞：wh

4、ich, that, who, whom。Whom 現(xiàn)在用的很少。前面有介詞只能用 which，不能用 that。 2. 關(guān)系代詞在考試中的特殊情況。 What:1)它是子母同體。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞以及一個(gè)先行詞。What 前面不應(yīng)該在出現(xiàn) 先行詞。 如果前面已經(jīng)偶一個(gè)關(guān)系詞，就不能用 what 來引導(dǎo)。例如：You can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以這兒不能用 what. All-is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life A. what is the

5、 need B. the things need C. for our needs D. that is need 2)what 單獨(dú)使用，后面不加名詞。 例如：She is not what she used to be. 3)what 后面加名詞 例如：What money I have has been given to you. 1997 年考題：_he knows about it is out of date and in accurate A. What little B. So much C. How much D. So little 考研 1 號(hào)系列圖書考研真相寫作 160

6、 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇 7 / 7文檔可自由編輯打印考研 1 號(hào)英語精品，祝您考研成功！ as 1. like 2. 作為 3. when 4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句。即可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)限 制性定語從句一般式固定用法。如 as¼as, such¼as as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 例如：I was a boy which you know. which 可以用 as 替換。 As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be used equally for

7、 good or evil. as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句 考試中往往考固定搭配。 例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed. than 作為關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)定語從句 More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home _ was common in the traditional family struct

8、ure . A.than 特點(diǎn)： B.that C.which D.as 1) than 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)詞在從句中一般必須做主語或者作賓語。 2) than 前面的主句必須要有比較級(jí) 3) 比較級(jí)所修飾的名詞就是 than 指代的對(duì)象 三、關(guān)系副詞 When 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1)先行詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。 Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes. 2)如何區(qū)分

9、 when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句。用句子表示狀語就是狀語從句。例如： When I go to school, I will work hard. 從兩方面區(qū)分： When 引導(dǎo)的定語從句前一定有表示時(shí)間的名詞；When 引導(dǎo)的狀語語從句前沒有有表 示時(shí)間的名詞。 從翻譯的角度看如果是引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以不翻譯。如果是狀語從句就必須翻譯成 當(dāng)¼¼時(shí)候。 When=on which Where where=in which where 引導(dǎo)的從句先行詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。例如： I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games w

10、ill be held. 先行詞表示地點(diǎn),不一定用 where 來引導(dǎo)。例如： I have never been to Beijing ,but it's the place _. A.where I'dlike to visit B.in which I'd like to visit 考研 1 號(hào)系列圖書考研真相寫作 160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇 考研 1 號(hào)英語精品，祝您考研成功！ C.I most want to visit D.thar I want to visit it most 名詞從句 講五個(gè)問題： 一、名詞從句的本質(zhì)。 1. 概念：就是把一個(gè)完整的

11、句子當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞來使用。那么從句就具備了名詞所具備的所有 性質(zhì)。主語、賓語、表語、同位語。 2. 引導(dǎo)名詞從句常用的連詞。有三類：1）that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,where ,how 等連接副詞 或 what,who,whose 等連接代詞。 That 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不能做任何句子成分。what 一定在從句中充當(dāng)主語或者賓語。 Which 和 whose 后面必須接名詞。例如： Concerns were raised _witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure

12、 guilty verdicts. A.what B.when C.which D.that 3)多重的名詞從句現(xiàn)象。例如： I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say. 考題：Prof. Lee's book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A that you have observed B that how you have observed C how that you have observed D how what you have

13、observed 二、名詞從句中的主語從句 主語從句有如下幾種表示方式： 1.用 which, that 放在句首引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如： That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. 3.用 it is +ved+that¼例如： It is believed that you are good boy. 3. 用 whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如： Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable. 三、賓語從句 需要掌握的幾點(diǎn)： 及物動(dòng)詞后

14、面的賓語從句。2005 年例句： Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us? 四、表語從句 就是一句話做另一個(gè)句子的表語。就是把從句放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。1997 年例句： A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them. 五、同位語從句 考研 1 號(hào)系列圖書考研真相寫作 160 篇閱讀

15、基礎(chǔ) 90 篇 考研 1 號(hào)英語精品，祝您考研成功！ 就是用來補(bǔ)充說明同位語的名詞成分的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)是：名詞+that+從句。 同位語從句與賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓語從句和定語從句的的 that, which 可以省 略，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 不能省略。定語從句中的 that 必須在從句中扮演主語或者賓語。 同位語從句的 that 不扮演任何成分。例如： There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability. that 不做句子成分。 狀語從句 1.狀語從句的本質(zhì)。就是用一個(gè)句子來作

16、另外一個(gè)句子的狀語。 狀語從句的分類：時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、目的狀語、條件狀語、讓步 狀語、比較狀語、方式狀語。 2005 年例句 Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, _ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. A. when 難點(diǎn)： 1.When B. since C. for D. whereas ?？嫉木湫停篐ardly¼when; when it comes tha

17、t; when it comes to ;1991 年例句： _to speak when the audience interrupted him. A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner hardly had he begun C. Not until he begin D. Scarcely had he begin 1998 年例句： Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classr

18、oom tests. A. before B. as C since D. when 2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句 Where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語一般總是放在主句的后面。例如： A driver should slower down where there are schools. 3.原因狀語從句 Since 從¼¼起；因?yàn)?#188;¼ 比較特殊的連詞：in that 因?yàn)榈囊馑肌＠洌篢he girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling. Now that¼因?yàn)?；given th

19、at¼ 4. 目的狀語從句 lest¼ 唯恐，害怕;for fear 當(dāng)心，害怕引導(dǎo)的是虛擬語氣。謂語是 should +動(dòng)詞原形。should 常省略。 5.結(jié)果狀語從句 有兩種引導(dǎo)法 so¼that; so that; such¼that; such that 2001 年例句：Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _ it has all but lost the will and the ski

20、ll to speak for itself. A. as B. which C. that D. what 把 so¼that; so that; such¼that; such that 中的 so 或 such 放在句首形成倒裝句。例如： So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine it's speed. 考研 1 號(hào)系列圖書考研真相寫作 160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇 考研 1 號(hào)英語精品，祝您考研成功！ to the extent (that)表示結(jié)果 to some ex

21、tent 表示在¼¼之內(nèi)。在某種程度上 6.條件狀語從句 用 unless； if 引導(dǎo) 難點(diǎn)：only if ; if only only if 是"只有"的意思; if only 是"只要"意思。2000 年例句： He can continue to support himself and his family _ he produces a surplus. A. only if B. much as C .long before D. ever since 要記?。簊upposing (that)¼provided

22、 (that)¼on condition that¼ 例如：He will surely finished job on time _he has left to do it in his own way. A. in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as 7.讓步狀語從句 although; though; even if; even though 1997 年例句：_ _ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation o

23、f part timers and temporary workers. A. Even though B. Now that C. If only D. Provided that 2004 年例句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, _ _ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposin

24、g 表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的介詞：in spite of; despite 例如：_what he achieved in medicine he remained modest. A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Whereas However; nevertheless; nonetheless 1998 年例句：This view; _,is generally thought to be wrong. A. however B. meanwhile C. therefore D. more over While 當(dāng)¼¼時(shí)候；然而，但是 重點(diǎn)：與

25、as 有關(guān)的讓步狀語從句 由 as 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 adj.,adv.,分詞，名詞，短語+as+主語+謂語。 例如：Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things. as 或 so+adj+as+主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 例如：As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight. 8.比較狀語從句 重點(diǎn)講倍數(shù)為題 1.倍數(shù)+比較級(jí) A is three times bigger than B. 2.倍數(shù)+as¼as 結(jié)構(gòu)。A is three times as big as B. 3.倍數(shù)+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) A is Three times the size of B. No more than 特點(diǎn)： 1. No more than=not any more than 2.從功能上看往往表示兩個(gè)事物之間的類比關(guān)系。 3.從意義上看是和¼&#