2011年中考英語沖刺之基礎常用易混句型復習總結(jié)(共12頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考必備句型571 as soon as2 asas3 asas possible4 ask sb. for sth.5 ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.7 be afraid of doing/that8 be busy doing sth.9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for10 be glad that11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsth. to sb.12 buy/give/show/brin

2、g/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth.13 eitheror14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth.15 find it + adj to do sth.16 get + 比較級17 get ready for/get sth. ready18 had better (not) do sth.19 help sb. (to) do/help sb.with20 I dont think that21 I would like to /Would you like to?22 is one of th

3、e + 最高級 + n(pl.)23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.24 It is a good idea to do sth.25 It is the second + 最高級 +n.26 It looks like /It sounds like 27 It seems to sb. that28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj.29 It takes sb some time. to do sth.30 Its bad/good for31 Its time for/to do sth.32 Its two meters (y

4、ears) long (high, old).33 keep sb. doing34 keep/make sth. +adj.35 like to do / like doing36 make / let sb.(not) do sth.37 neithernor38 notat all39 notuntil40 Onethe other/Some others41 preferto42 see/hear sb. do(doing) sth.43 sothat44 spendon /(in) doing sth.45 stop to do /stop doing46 such a +adj.

5、+n. that47 take/bring sth with sb.48 thank sb for sth.49 The morethe better50 There is sth. wrong with51 tooto52 used to53 What about /How about?54 Whats the matter with?55 Whats wrong?56 Why not?57 Will (would, could) you please?句式句型總匯初中所學的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種： 主語+不及物動詞。

6、如：I arrived at six last night. 主語+及物動詞+賓語，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語

7、+系動詞+表語，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某種事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后，也要保持be動詞，不要換用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問題，即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應。要注意的有如下幾點： 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時則要用

8、單數(shù)謂語動詞形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如： The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。 有量詞時應按量詞的數(shù)量計算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.有些形單卻意為復數(shù)的名詞，如： People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Polic

9、e， 如果要講一個警察時，應講 a policeman。 兩個警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen所有不定代詞 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作為單數(shù)如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my pa

10、rents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all

11、passed the exam在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述，為了使同學閱讀文章方便，我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語，如： I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語，如： I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用，不在句中充當語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the

12、 examif, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or notwhat 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從

13、句中作主語)。who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?whose 如： I want to know whose book this is?which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞，how 它的應用最廣，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost?when 它只是連接時間狀語，如： Please tell me when t

14、he meeting will begin?where 它連接地點狀語，如： Where are you from?why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考試中常見到的考點是：賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)的呼應問題來源：主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài)， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他沒來。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to Lon

15、don 我知道他已去倫敦了。主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種。比如： 一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時，不能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點：until (till) 直到

16、，在用 until 表達時間狀語的句子中，主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞，則要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 來引導的時間狀語從句。 since 引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結(jié)束時間，如： I ha

17、d learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時， ago 則多用于一般過去時，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，如： If it rains, they won't go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時，從句用一般過去進行時，如： He said

18、 if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有：要學生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow在原因狀語從句中主要是because， 應譯為"因為"。它表達的因果關(guān)系最強，如： He didn't pass

19、 the exam because he didn't study hardsince 應譯為"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your deskas 應譯為"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 與 as 所表達的因果關(guān)系遠比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to col

20、lege在比較狀語從句中有同級比較 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有兩點：as as 中間要用原級而不是比較級。用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) as， 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比較用比較級加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時有兩個句型：比較級and比較級，如： The days ar

21、e getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the 比較級 the 比較級，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式狀語中要注意的是as (連詞)與 like (介詞)的區(qū)別。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目

22、的狀語從句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。so that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so 形容詞 a 名詞 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容詞 名詞 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They a

23、re such good players that they should win the game.在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I can't buy it so that 之間只有形容詞時，則不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buyso that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus來源：（二）正誤辨析誤 The stories in that b

24、ook was written many years ago正 The stories in that book were written many years ago.析 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。誤 To read many books are good for you正 To read many books is good for you析 不定式作主語應該看作單數(shù)主語。誤

25、What he said are right正 What he said is right析 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。正 The rich is not always happy誤 The rich are not always happy析 形容詞定冠詞表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)，如： The young are very interested in study and sports誤 The school master and writer are coming正 The school master and writer is coming析 本句應譯為：校長兼作家就要來了。而

26、The school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為：校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達法中確實有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應譯為：一個女孩，一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。誤 You or she go to get some water for us正 You or she goes to get some water for us析 由 or 連接的兩個主語應以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數(shù)。這樣的用

27、法還有 either or，neither nor， not only but also 也有人稱作"就近原則"。誤 The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom正 The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom析 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。誤 My glasses is broken正 My glasses are broken誤 This pair of glasses

28、 are good正 This pair of glasses is good誤 These kinds of butter is good.正 These kinds of butter are good析 英語中有些名詞只有復數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時，要用復數(shù)謂語動詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復數(shù)計算。誤 One of the boys are going to take part in the match正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match析 One of 結(jié)構(gòu)應以

29、 one 來計算主語的數(shù)。誤 Half of the work are done正 Half of the work is done誤 Half of the books is read正 Half of the books are read析 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時，如： ， of 名詞，這時主語的數(shù)應按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復數(shù)則要用復數(shù)謂語動詞。誤 Each sides are full of trees正 Each side is full of trees誤 Both side is full of trees正 B

30、oth sides are full of trees析 each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復數(shù)名詞。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主語時，謂語動詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。誤 The boys each has an apple正 The boys each have an apple析 each 作同位語時，不影響句子的主語。誤 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert正 Every one of us has a ticket for the co

31、ncert析 everyone， someone， everybody 在作主語時都不能加 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。誤 Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football正 Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football析 few 雖然含意上是"幾乎沒有"，但作主語時仍要當作復數(shù)。誤 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred正 The number of the worke

32、rs in that factory is two hundred析 the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是 如： the number of students 學生人數(shù)， the number of players 運動員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass誤 The rest of the students is here正 The rest of the students are here誤 The

33、 rest of the work are done正 The rest of the work is done析 the rest of 的用法與，一半， of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時用復數(shù)謂語動詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時用單數(shù)謂語動詞。這樣用法還有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。誤 The news in today's newspaper are not bad正 The news in today's newspaper is not bad析 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics

34、， mathematics， thanks， 誤 The Chinese is kind and friendly正 The Chinese are kind and friendly析 Chinese 作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國人講是單復同形的名詞。如： one Chinese， two Chinese 而 The Chinese The people of China 要用復數(shù)謂語動詞。誤 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me正 This dictionary is too

35、expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me析 表示一段時間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應看作單數(shù)名詞。誤 Who are going to take part in our football match?正 Who is going to take part in our football match?析 用 who 提問時，習慣上用單數(shù)謂語動詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or t

36、hat one?誤 What a hot weather it is!誤 How hot the weather it is!正 What hot weather it is!正 How hot the weather is!析 感嘆句是用來表達說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 應轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點是單詞 it。 再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather， 則只能用 wha

37、t。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時為： The weather is hot這時句子的開始單詞為 the weather， 再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應用 how。 至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。誤 We have to sing this， have we?誤 We have to sing this， haven't we?正 We have to sing this, don't we?析 在反意疑問句中除了標準

38、的一些常規(guī)外，有一些例外：Let's go home， shall we?Let us go home， will you?She had to leave， didn't she?Do your homework at once， will you?There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there?Neither of them are right， are they?I think he will come to the party won't he?think 后的賓語從句，與其他賓語從句

39、不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語，其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞，而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語動詞而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party， is he?誤 I want to know where does he live正 I want to know where he lives析 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序，而不用疑問語序。誤 - I haven't got a ticket for the football match- Nor I have正 - I haven

40、9;t got a ticket for the football match- Nor (Neither) have I析 nor， neither 用在簡答否定句中時要采用倒裝語序。在肯定句的簡答句中則要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary誤 Look! Here the bus comes!正 Look! Here comes the bus!誤 Look! Here comes he!正 Look! Here he comes析 在 there， here 打頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，則要采用倒裝語序；如果是人稱代詞則

41、用一般語序。誤 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I don't hope so正 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I hope not析 我不這樣想，可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定簡答句只能用 I hope not 這是習慣用法。但這兩個詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的，如： I think so. I hope so來源：誤 That is difficult for us to learn English well正 It

42、 is difficult for us to learn English well析 It 這里的語法作用是形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的不定式。形式主語和形式賓語都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語。（三）例題解析1 There a pencilbox on the deskA .is B.are C. has D. have答案 A.析 There be 句形中的 be 動詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定，如： There are two books and

43、a pencil on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2 Could you tell me ?AMrs King where lives Bwhere does Mrs King live Cwhere Mrs King lives DMrs King lives where答案 C.析 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。3 Your brother came to see you， ?Adoes he Bdoesn't he Cdid he Ddidn't he答案 D.析 前句是肯定句，后

44、面反意疑問句要用否定句，同時 came 為過去時態(tài)，所以應用 didn't he4 It's getting cloudy， ?Adoes' it Bdoesn't it Cis it Disn't it答案 D.析 要區(qū)分's 是 has 還是 is， 這里由 getting 得出's 是is。5 keep me waiting so longANot BWon't CDon't DNot to答案 C.析 Don't 動詞原形為祈始句的否定句。6 Mr Green hasn't been to Beij

45、ing, ?Ahas he Bhasn't he Cdid he Ddidn't he答案 A.析 此句 has 是助動詞與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。7 You have your lunch at school, ?Ahave you Bhaven't you Cdo you Ddon't you答案 D.析 這里的 have 是實意動詞"吃"，而不是助動詞。8 sunny day! Let's go out for a walkAHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat答案 C.析 這個感嘆句是個省略句，其真實的句子應為

46、What a sunny day it is!9 - Can you tell me ? - Sure She's a nurseAwhere is your sister Bwhere your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is答案 D.析 who 問的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 問的是職業(yè)，如： What is he? He is a teacher10 John likes listening to the radio， ?Adoes

47、 he Bdoesn't he Cdoesn't John Ddoes Johe答案 B.析 當名詞作主語時，反意疑問句應用代詞。11 Neither you nor I on the teamAare Bwere Cam Dis答案 C.析 由 neither nor 作連接詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。12 delicious food! I'd like some moreAwhat a BHow a CWhat DHow答案 C.析 因 food 為不可數(shù)名詞。13 there a cat under the chair?AAre BIs C

48、Has DHave答案 B.析 這是 there be 句型的疑問句。14 Could you tell me ?Awhen the train will arrive Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案 A.析 could 用于現(xiàn)在時疑問句表達了口氣的委婉，并不是過去時態(tài)。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。15 - bad weather!- Yes， But it's going to be fine soon， I thinkAHow BWhat a CWhat

49、an DWhat答案 D.析 weather 為不可數(shù)名詞。16 - Could you tell me ?- Yes， They to the libraryAwhere are the twins， have beenBwhere were the twins， have been Cwhere the twins are， have goneDwhere the twins were， have gone答案 C.析 have been to 是去過什么地方，而現(xiàn)在回來了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人現(xiàn)在不在這里。17 Go and the TV quickly The

50、volleyball match will begin right awayAturn off Bturn down Cturn up Dturn on答案 D.析 這是個祈使句，它由 and 連接兩個動詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。18 Let's go for some tea， ?Ashall we Bwill we Cdo we Ddon't we答案 A.析 Let's go ， shall we? Let us go ， will you?這是兩個特殊的反意疑問句。19 Joan's short， ?Awasn't she Bhasn'

51、t she Cisn't she Ddoesn't she答案 C.析 在此句中應視's為is，而不是 has 或 was。20 I don't know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D.析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動詞，已有自己的賓語 the word， 所以應用疑問副詞 how。21 He didn't go to school， he was illAfor Bbut Cand Dso答案 A.析 這里是表示因果的關(guān)系，從句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前

52、面有一個逗號。so 引起的是結(jié)果狀語從句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn't join the army22 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， she?Adoesn't Bdoes Ccan't Dcan答案 D.析 hardly 為否定詞，所以應視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問句應用肯定句。23 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ?Adoes he Bdoesn't he Cisn't he Dis he答案 A.析 ne

53、ver 也是否定詞，所以應將句子看作否定句。24 Mother said to him， "Don't on football"Aspend too much time Bto spend too much time Cspend too many time Dto spend too many time答案 A.析 time 作為"時間"講為不可數(shù)名詞，應用 much 來修飾。當作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞，如 three times 三次，而 Don't 這一句是祈使句的否定句。25 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， visit our school this afternoonAare going to B