外研版初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)各模塊知識(shí)要點(diǎn)-

1、Module 1 Hobbies 復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)詞組tidy up 收拾,take up 占用(時(shí)間或空間;a bit +adj. / a bit of +n. 一點(diǎn)兒 (區(qū)別于a little +adj. / n. ;a collection of stamps / collect stamps 集郵;play the violin / the piano / the drum / the flute 拉小提琴/彈鋼琴/打鼓/吹笛子;play football / tennis / volleyball 踢足球/打網(wǎng)球/打排球;listen to music 聽音樂(lè);all the tim

2、e 一直, 總是;be / show/ become interested in sth. 對(duì)感興趣/顯示出/變得感興趣;next time 下一次;at the end of 在末尾;need to do sth. 需要做某事;start doing sth./ to do sth. 開始做某事;how often 多久一次(詢問(wèn)頻率;grow vegetables 種菜;look after照顧, 照看;such as= for example 例如;grow as a person 成長(zhǎng);develop ones interests 發(fā)展興趣;come out 出版; 出現(xiàn); 結(jié)果是;a

3、s a result 結(jié)果;like doing sth. / to do sth. 喜歡做某事;in the future 在將來(lái);try to do sth. / try doing sth. 盡力做某事/嘗試做某事;in ones free/ spare time 在某人業(yè)余時(shí)間;bring sb. great success 給某人帶來(lái)成功(注意詞性success成功n. successful 成功的adj. successfully 成功地adv. succeed (in doing sth. 成功v. ;be popular with 在中受歡迎;write to sb. 給某人寫

4、信; all over the world 遍及全世界;think about考慮某事;find out ( about 查明有關(guān)某事;dress in 穿著衣服;in the past 在過(guò)去;not onlybut also不僅而且三、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)make +sb. / sth. +adj. 使怎么樣e.g. The news made her sad .使役動(dòng)詞make / let / have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事e.g. Hobbies can make you grow as a person. The joke made us laugh.感官動(dòng)詞hear / li

5、sten to / see / watch / feel sb. do / doing sth.(其中do強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程,而doing強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。e.g. I heard someone singing in the next room. I often listen to him play the violin.Have you seen the book fall off the desk? I saw some boys playing football over there just now. The robot watches the professor eat and sl

6、eep every day. I felt my heart break.雙賓語(yǔ)give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sb sth= give / bring /lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sth to sb e.g. Pass me the sugar, please. = Pass the sugar to me, please.buy / cook / read sb. sth. = buy / cook / read sth.

7、for sb.e.g. My father bought me a new bike as my birthday present. =My father bought a new bike for me as my birthday present.help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事e.g.Tom often helps his classmates clean the classroom.My brother often helps me with my math.spend (時(shí)間或錢 on + 名詞spend . (時(shí)間或錢 (in

8、 doing sth.e.g. David spent four weeks on a summer camp. I spent five dollars on the book.Shall we spend some time playing tennis on Saturday?We usually spend one hour doing my homework.辨析四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”spend, cost, take, payspend主語(yǔ)是人,花費(fèi)的對(duì)象可以為時(shí)間,也可以為錢,多用于spend (時(shí)間或錢 on + 名詞/ spend . (時(shí)間或錢 (in doing sth. 這兩個(gè)結(jié)

9、構(gòu)中。e.g. I spent five dollars on the book.cost主語(yǔ)是物,花費(fèi)的對(duì)象只能是錢。e.g. The book cost me five dollars. (注意這里的cost是其過(guò)去式take的花費(fèi)對(duì)象多為時(shí)間,偶而為錢,e.g. The journey by car will take half an hour.另外,take多用于下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中:It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人一些時(shí)間做某事。e.g. It took me two hours to finish my ho

10、mework last night.It will take the workers one year to build this bridge.pay 主語(yǔ)是人,花費(fèi)的對(duì)象為錢,多用于下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中:pay (sb. (some money (for sth. e.g. I paid him 20,000 dollars for the house.as well asWe all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai. He as well as his friends is coming to see me. (這里注意as well as在句

11、中做狀語(yǔ),不是主語(yǔ)成分,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要看前面的主語(yǔ)中心詞。ask sb. (not to do sth. / tell sb. (not to do sth.e.g. The teacher asks us to be quiet in class. My parents told me not to go out at night.What do you think of? / How do you like?e.g. What do you think of the Great Wall? How do you like Chinese food?Why not do sth? = Why

12、 dont you do sth?e.g. Why not go to the concert? = Why dont you go to the concert?三、語(yǔ)法句子: 簡(jiǎn)單句并列句:由并列連詞and, but, or等連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,兩個(gè)句子是并列關(guān)系。復(fù)合句:由if, when, while, because, although等引導(dǎo)從句,兩個(gè)句子有主句與從句之分。簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句型1.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ)These books are great. He looks worried.2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞vi(+狀語(yǔ)The first book came out i

13、n 2003. We didnt go to the cinema yesterday.3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞vt+賓語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ)I bought a very good book yesterday. Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for me.4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞vt+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ)His hobby has brought him enjoyment. Last week, my aunt sent me a box of chocolate.5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞vt+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ)We can hel

14、p you develop new skills. The news made everyone happy.6.there be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)There are many story books in his schoolbag.Module 2 Friendship 復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)詞組hold the line (= hold on 稍等,別掛斷;call back 打(電話回來(lái);right now 現(xiàn)在;take a message 捎個(gè)信兒;leave a message 留個(gè)信兒;whether.or not 是否;in fact 事實(shí)上a couple of.幾個(gè),若干;in a

15、week 一周后(用于將來(lái)時(shí);miss one's close friends 想念某人的好朋友;be different from. (反義:the same as. 與.不同(反義:與.相同 make friends with sb. 與.交朋友;good luck with.祝.好運(yùn);bring sb. for a visit to some place 帶某人來(lái)某地參觀;wait for sb. (to do sth. 等待某人做某事;invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to some place 邀請(qǐng)某人去做某事/去某地;talk with/

16、to sb about sth. 和某人談?wù)撃呈?by the way 順便說(shuō)一下;feel happy / unhappy / better 感覺快樂(lè)/不快樂(lè)/更好;take place 發(fā)生;far (away from some place 離某地遠(yuǎn);be afraid to do sth. / be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事;every time + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句每次;want (sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事;worry about. 擔(dān)心. ;sit at the desk / work at the computer 坐在桌旁/

17、在電腦前工作;as usual 像往常一樣;at that moment 在那時(shí);enter the room (注意enter是及物動(dòng)詞,后不加介詞。 進(jìn)入房間;turn back 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身;day by day 一天天地;be close to. 離.近;smile at sb. 對(duì).微笑;laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人;It doesn't matter (that. .沒(méi)關(guān)系;not .any more / not.any longer 不再;give advice / take advice 提出建議/接受建議;look for. 尋找. ;in town / in the

18、 country 在城鎮(zhèn)/在鄉(xiāng)村二、重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)* What does it feel like? 用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某件事的看法。e.g. What does it feel like to be at school in America? 在美國(guó)上學(xué)感覺如何?類似的表達(dá)還有What do you think of.? / How do you like.?* 辨析sometime, some time, sometimes, some timessometime某個(gè)時(shí)候,表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),多用于將來(lái)。I believe that my dream will come true sometime in

19、the future.some time一段時(shí)間,表示時(shí)間段,多用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He has been here for some time.sometimes有時(shí),表頻率,多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It's sometimes hot and sometimes cold.some times若干次/若干倍I have been to Sydney some times.* 辨析lonely 與alonelonely是adj. 表示"孤獨(dú)的",是內(nèi)心的感受,而alone可做adj.或adv.,表示"獨(dú)自一人地",是現(xiàn)實(shí)的狀況。e.g. She felt

20、 lonely because she had no friends here. 她因?yàn)樵谶@兒沒(méi)有朋友而感到很孤獨(dú)。The old woman lives alone because her daughter is abroad. But she is not lonely because we often go to see her. 這位老奶奶一個(gè)人獨(dú)自居住,因?yàn)樗呐畠涸趪?guó)外,但她并不孤獨(dú),因?yàn)槲覀兘?jīng)常去看望她。* 辨析other, the other, others, the others區(qū)分這四個(gè)詞,只需注意以下兩點(diǎn):1.沒(méi)有the表示"別的,其余的"有the強(qiáng)調(diào)

21、"其余所有的"2.若other后沒(méi)有s則后面往往還有名詞(單數(shù)情況除外,若other后有s則后面不加名詞。另外,another與這四組詞都不相同,它表示"又一個(gè),再一個(gè)",所指事物沒(méi)有范圍,而上面那四組詞則都是將事物分成了兩大部分。e.g. English is spoken not only in the UK and the USA, but also in many other countries. (這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)除英美外,其余所有的國(guó)家都說(shuō)英語(yǔ),所以不加the,另外,后面有countries,所以other不加s。The old lady has

22、four sons. One is in Canada, the others are in America.(這里強(qiáng)調(diào)除一個(gè)在加拿大外,其余所有的都在美國(guó),所以加the,另外,other后面沒(méi)有名詞,所以加s。Would you like another cup of tea? (這里指再來(lái)一杯,沒(méi)有范圍。* 當(dāng)adj.修飾不定代詞(something, anything, nothing, everything時(shí),adj.要后置。e.g. I have something important to tell you.He has nothing new to say.* 辨析surpris

23、ing與surprisedsurprising 意為"令人驚訝的",修飾物或事;而surprised意為"吃驚的",修飾人。e.g. The news is surprising. I'm surprised at the news.類似的單詞還有exciting (excited, tiring (tired, pleasing (pleased, amazing (amazed等。* 掌握一些固定電話用語(yǔ):Is Chen Huan there? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)陳歡在嗎?Is that Chen Huan (speaking? 您是陳歡嗎?May I s

24、peak to Jack, please? 杰克在嗎?I'll call back later. 我一會(huì)兒再打。This is Sally (speaking. 我是Sally。Who's calling, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)您是那位?Hold the line, please. 稍等,別掛斷。Sorry. He isn't here right now. 對(duì)不起,他現(xiàn)在不在。Can I take a message? / Can you leave a message? 我能捎個(gè)信兒?jiǎn)?/ 您能留個(gè)信兒?jiǎn)?I'm afraid you have the wr

25、ong number. 恐怕您打錯(cuò)了。四、語(yǔ)法Objective Clause賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞分為三大類:1.當(dāng)從句是陳述句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that可省略,語(yǔ)序不變。* Trees improve the air.Betty thinks (that trees improve the air.* It will snow this winter.I hope (that it will snow this winter.* There is a good film tonight.Jack said (that there was a good film on that ni

26、ght2.當(dāng)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),用if 或whether引導(dǎo)(若句尾有or not,則用whether,語(yǔ)序由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。* Will they plant trees on Sunday?He doesn't know whether they will plant trees on Sunday or not.* Have you seen him before?I can't remember if I have seen him before.* Was she late for class this morning?He asks if she w

27、as late for class this morning.* Did she study hard?I didn't know whether she studied hard or not.3.當(dāng)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),語(yǔ)序由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。* How can we help protect the environment?He asks how we can help protect the environment.* Why do they like computer games so much?I can't understand

28、 why they like computer games so much.* When will we hold the sports meeting?Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?* Where did the accident happen?Tom asked me where the accident happened.掌握賓語(yǔ)從句,尤其要注意以下三個(gè)方面:1.引導(dǎo)詞2.語(yǔ)序3.時(shí)態(tài):若主句是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài),從句用任何時(shí)態(tài)均可。若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句必須用過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。Exercises(練習(xí):1 Your fat

29、her is a doctor. (I know2 What's he going to do? (He doesn't know3 Should she go to the party? ( She can't decide4 When did he last see his old friends? ( He can't remember5 Do you like living in China? ( Can I ask you 6 What does she usually do? ( Tom asked 7 Where did Mike study tw

30、o years ago? ( Do you know 8 Do you do your homework in the evening? ( Could you tell me 9 What does he do at weekends? ( I wonder 10 How do things work? ( Thomas Edison liked to find out Module 3知識(shí)與語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞組:1. take sb. around= show sb. around 帶某人四處參觀2. mention sb. / sth. ( to sb. (向某人提及某人/事3. look

31、out for 小心4. stop to do sth.停止去做某事(不是同一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(停下手頭上正在做的事情5. need sth. 需要某物need to do 需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被(表被動(dòng)6. enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事7. keep sb. / sth. adj. 使某人/ 某事保持keep doing sth.使持續(xù)做某事8. maybe adv. 也許may be 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be “也許是”9. join 參加/ 加入(組織、團(tuán)體、黨、團(tuán)take part in 參加(聚會(huì)、活動(dòng)10. prep

32、are for = get ready for 準(zhǔn)備11. hate sb. / sth. 討厭某人/ 事hate doing sth. 討厭做某事(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的,習(xí)慣性的hate to do 討厭做某事(短暫性的12. lose ones way = get lost / be lost迷路;丟失13. start/ begin to do = start / begin doing 開始做某事14. look down 向下看look down at sb. 向下看某人15. explain sth. ( to sb. (向某人解釋某事explain + 從句解釋16. voice嗓音(人說(shuō)話

33、、唱歌等聲音sound 指人聽到的任何聲音(聲音的統(tǒng)稱noise 噪音,雜音17. seem to be 似乎是seem to do 似乎做It seems that +從句似乎/好像18. in person親自 19. ask for 請(qǐng)求20. learn about = hear about / of聽說(shuō)learn to do sth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事learn from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)21. play / have a joke on sb. 開某人的玩笑22. look out of 從望出去/ 向外看23. come with sb. = follow sb. 跟著某人走24. do

34、 a sound check 做一個(gè)聲音測(cè)試25. begin / end with 以開始/ 結(jié)束26. close down(電臺(tái)停止播音27. in front of 在前面(外部in the front of 在(范圍內(nèi)的前面(內(nèi)部知識(shí)輔導(dǎo)1. Wed like to thank you for taking us around Radio Beijing.(Unit 1, P18(1 would like to do sth. “愿意做某事”, 如:I would like to speak a few words.我想講幾句話”(2 would like sth. “愿意要某東西”

35、, 如:Would you like a cup of tea? Id like an apple. 我想吃個(gè)蘋果(3 thank you for doing sth. “因?yàn)槎兄x你” ,如:Thank you for your help感謝你幫忙Thank you for helping me.2. Dont mention it. 在口語(yǔ)中回答別人感謝時(shí)常用,意思是“不客氣,不用謝” , 如:-Thank you for your help. - Dont m ention it.3. Now, I want to answer your questions, but remember

36、to look out for the red light.look out for 意思相當(dāng)于pay attention to, “照料,當(dāng)心”,如:Look out for your little sister while youre at the station.look“看”, 表示動(dòng)作see“看見, 了解, 領(lǐng)會(huì)”,表示結(jié)果, 如:He looked but saw nothing. 他看了, 但什么也沒(méi)看見。Oh, I see. 哦,我明白了。由look組成的常見短語(yǔ):look out“向外望,注意, 當(dāng)心”, 如:“Look out!” Somebody shouted.look

37、 like“看起來(lái)象”,如:She looks like her mother.look for“尋找”,如:She is looking for his new text book.look at“看”,如: Look at the blackboard, please.4. We decide what to listen to and who to see. (Unit 1, P18decide 可用于結(jié)構(gòu):decide to do sth. “決定做某事”, 如:He decided to go himself.他決定親自去。decide sth. “決定某事”, 如:The judg

38、e decided the case.法官判決了這個(gè)案件。decide +that 從句“決定”,如:She has decided that she will be a doctor.她已決定將來(lái)當(dāng)個(gè)醫(yī)生。注意做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu), 如:I dont know what to do.5. Me, too!常用于口語(yǔ)中,表示自己的情形和對(duì)方所提及的一樣,意思是“我也這樣”, 如:-Sally has been to America. - Me, too!6. Some sports news about the England and China football matc

39、h. (Unit 1, P18news 是不可數(shù)名詞, “一條新聞”不能說(shuō)a news, 而要說(shuō)a piece of newsnews拓展的單詞: newsreader新聞播報(bào)員newsboy“報(bào)童, 送報(bào)人”newsman“賣報(bào)人, 送報(bào)人; 新聞?dòng)浾摺眓ews-writer“新聞?dòng)浾摺弊⒁庖粭l諺語(yǔ):No news, good news. (=No news is good news.沒(méi)有消息, 就是好消息。7.We won the match! (Unit 1, P18 win贏了比賽,不能用于贏了某人.8. And you want a job in radio? (Unit2, P20

40、陳述句用升調(diào)讀就變成了問(wèn)句,這種問(wèn)句稱為陳述問(wèn)句, 如:The train is in already?9.Shouldnt you be at school? (Unit2, P20這是一個(gè)否定問(wèn)句,帶有驚訝情緒,這種問(wèn)句還可以表示責(zé)難和贊賞, 如:-Why are you driving so fast? Dont you know the traffic regulations?-Arent these flowers beautiful?10. When I was about four or five years old, I remember sitting close to th

41、e radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters. (Unit2, P20 在我四五歲的時(shí)候,我記得自己坐在客廳里的收音機(jī)旁, 聽我喜歡的節(jié)目和喜歡的播音員的聲音.remember doing sth. “記得做過(guò)某事”;remember to do sth. “記著去做某事” ,如:I remember seeing her once.我記得曾見過(guò)她一次。Remember to close the door when yo

42、u leave. 你離開時(shí)記得關(guān)上門.sitting close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters.在句中做狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況.my favourite programmes, 和the voices of my favourite presenters.并列作listening to的賓語(yǔ), and后面省略了listening.close在這里是形容詞,意思是“離得近,距離短” , 如:The t

43、able was close to the wall.它還有“關(guān)上”的意思, 如: Close the door, please.11.It seemed that they were speaking to me in person. (Unit2, P20It seemed that表示“看起來(lái)似乎”的意思, 如:It seemed that he had no money with him.in person“親自” , 如:He went to Beijing to receive the award in person.12. Once a week, I played my fav

44、ourite music from my fathers computer to the listeners, talked about life at school, and then closed down and did my homework. (Unit2, P20Once a week “一周一次”,如:Once a week, I go to the cinema with my father.close down “關(guān)閉,停止”的意思, 如:The small shop on the corner has closed down.Most television and radi

45、o stations close down at 12:00 pm.13.One day I learnt about Internet radio. (Unit2, P20learn about “聽說(shuō)”的意思, 如:I learn about the story of the town from my grandpa.14. Just tell me what you had for breakfast. (Unit2, P20本句是祈使句, 還要注意賓語(yǔ)此句what you had for breakfast, 是疑問(wèn)詞+陳述句語(yǔ)序. Take back what you said, o

46、r I will be angry.語(yǔ)法: to +v.與v.-ing作賓語(yǔ)本模塊主要介紹to +v.與v.-ing作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的情況. 平時(shí)要注意積累和總結(jié).一. 跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:1.want to do sth. 需要做某事。例如:He wants to be an artist when he grows up.2.would like to do sth. 愿意做某事。例如:I would like to eat an apple.3.hope to do sth. 希望自己做某事。例如:We hope to get there before dark.4.wish to d

47、o sth. 希望做某事。例如:I wish to go to the moon.5.plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事。例如:I plan to go t o college.6.need to do sth.需要做某事。例如:I need to wash my coat.7.decide to do sth. 決定做某事。例如:I decide to clean the floor again.8.forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(尚未做Dont forget to close the door.9.remember to do sth. 記著去做某事(尚未做= Dont forget to do sth. Remember to wash my coat.10.try to do sth. 努力做某事。例如:He tried to lift the table.11. agree