河南開封市2014高考英語(yǔ)一輪 閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（10）

1、開封市2014高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪訓(xùn)練（10）附答案In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”， John Keynes，a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thou

2、ght that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(無(wú)止境的), this is not true of absolute needs. Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable d

3、emands. Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal

4、is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly we

5、ll and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price. By plac

6、ing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_.A. desire is the root of both absolute and relat

7、ive needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority. B. They find specialty important to meals.

8、 C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied. D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. 75. The author of the passage argues that _. A. absolute

9、 needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable Chuman desires influence ideas of qualityD. relative needs decide most of our spending 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文就人的需要的分類進(jìn)行了論述。作者首先敘述了對(duì)John Keynes觀點(diǎn)的部分認(rèn)同，但其后則是對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)的批駁。該文作者認(rèn)為，人的需要在很大程度上是對(duì)質(zhì)量的無(wú)盡追求。72. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第一段最后一句說(shuō)明John Keynes需要論的觀點(diǎn)：相對(duì)需要是無(wú)止境的。73. D推理判斷題

10、。從該段第一句可知作者在該段一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)的是質(zhì)量需求的重要性。這對(duì)夫婦在外面就餐慶祝結(jié)婚周年即體現(xiàn)了對(duì)該頓晚餐的選擇與對(duì)其質(zhì)量的要求相關(guān)。74. B詞義猜測(cè)題。從該段材料對(duì)保時(shí)捷的改進(jìn)及人們對(duì)此改進(jìn)趨之若鶩的追求來(lái)看，人們對(duì)質(zhì)量需求是不斷提高的。因此可斷定該詞含義為“提高”。75. A推理判斷題。第一段對(duì)John Keynes關(guān)于absolute needs的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了肯定和質(zhì)疑，而下文提出質(zhì)量需求是無(wú)止境的。該題主要說(shuō)明作者對(duì)John Keynes關(guān)于relative needs是無(wú)止境的論斷的質(zhì)疑。干擾最大的是B選項(xiàng)，該觀點(diǎn)是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而不是被質(zhì)疑的觀點(diǎn)。該題題干中的argue在此是“質(zhì)疑和

11、爭(zhēng)辯”的意思。*結(jié)束  閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)                     A    Women enjoy free time less than men, a new study finds. And its getting worse. &

12、#160;  When men have free time, they feel less rushed. However, women do not feel less rushed after work.    The results suggest that mothers in particular feel the pressures of children and housework even when they have time to relax. The meanings of free time for men and women

13、are quite different, said Saver, the assistant professor of this study.    The study was based on two national surveys, one in the mid-1970s involving 708 people and the other in the late 1990s with 1,151 participants.    The participants kept diaries on how they spent

14、a specific 24-hour period. They were also asked how often they felt rushed during a typical day - never, sometimes or always.    The workload increased for women between 1975 and 1998, especially in comparison with men.    In 1975, women and men had similar amounts of f

15、ree time, but by 1998 women had had less leisure time than men.    "Women worked more hours in paid employment in 1998 than they did in 1975, Saver said. "The amount of time they spent in household labor decreased during that period, but not enough to offset (抵消) the increas

16、e in paid work hours."    The chance of feeling sometimes or always rushed was more than twice as high for married women with children than it was for single, childless women, But men who were married and had children didn't feel more rushed than single, childless men.  

17、  Saver said other research suggests women still feel more responsible for taking care of children and housework, even if men are doing more than they once did.1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?     A. Women won't think about their children or ho

18、usework when they have free time.     B. When men have free time, they will feel as rushed as when they are busy.     C. Men spend more time at work than before, but they feel less rushed.     D. After marriage, men also help to do some hou

19、sework. 2. The purpose of the author writing this article is to_.     A. encourage women to enjoy more free time     B. introduce the results of current research     C. describe the differences between men and women   &#

20、160; D. explain the reasons for womens pressures 3. Compared with single, childless men, men who were married _.      A. had to spend more time on work     B. had to do more housework     C. could enjoy less leisure time  

21、60;  D. didn't feel more rushed 4. What would be the best title for the passage?     A. Men Hold More Social Responsibilities     B. Women Suffer from More Illnesses     C. Women Feel More Rushed than Men   

22、0; D. Men Get More Rewards from Work 參考答案 DBDC *結(jié)束With rising gas prices，its no wonder the search for gasoline alternatives(替代品) has suddenly taken on a new urgency.One of the laboratoriesa high school in Brooklynis where students are using cooking oil to run their experimental engine.And as Ed

23、ucation reporter Art McFarland discovered，it appears to be working.Students at Automotive High School have taken a gas alternative lesson a step further.They have perfected a project that runs this cars engine，with used cooking oil.Lamar Taylor，“I think its a great project because its better for the

24、 environment.”Vehicles that run on alternative fuels are part of a cutting edge technology.The Automotive High Project began after a diesel­powered Mercedes was donated to the school two years ago.Thomas Cassino，mechanics teacher，“The original diesel engine.was actually produced to run on veget

25、able oil and whale oil.”The oil running the engine was collected from the school cafeteria and from restaurants，then placed into a converter，which heats it up while the engine starts using the diesel fuel.With the flip(輕擊) of a switch，the engine is cooking with oil，though collecting it can have draw

26、backs.Melissa Silberman，principal，“Once they started running the car，they didnt want to eat in the cafeteria any more because what the French fries(炸薯?xiàng)l) were cooked in werent so attractive if it can run a car.”And it has its advantages.Curtis Giscombe，student，“It smells like the back of McDonalds.It

27、 smells like French fries.”The students are not likely to influence the more widespread use of alternative fuels，but if the day comes when lots more cars are running on cooking oil，the students will be prepared to service them.1What would be the best title for the text?AThe Future Alternative to Gas

28、olineBRising Gas Prices Drive Experimental EngineCCooking Oil Finds Its New UsesDStudents Use Cooking Oil to Power an Engine2The importance of using cooking oil to run engines is that it can .Aprotect the environmentBsave the gasCoffer cars good smellDbring down the gas price3According to the sevent

29、h paragraph， .Athe car is full of French friesBthe car makes people eat nothingCthe car makes people not want to eat in the cafeteriaDthe car is a moving cafeteria4About the future of the car running on cooking oil，we know that .Athe day for cars widely using cooking oil is long to comeBit will have

30、 a great effect on the oil marketCthe students may build a service company soonDno one wants to use cooking oil for their cars1Just as they came round the next bend the engine broke down and came to a stop. (完形填空第五段)正當(dāng)他們繞過(guò)下一個(gè)彎時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火停了下來(lái)。(1)The telephone system has broken down.電話系統(tǒng)失靈了。(2)Negotiation

31、s between the two sides have broken down.雙方談判已經(jīng)破裂。2On both sides grew thick unknown trees. (完形填空最后一段)河的兩邊長(zhǎng)滿了茂密的不知名的樹木。(1)Through the window came in wafts of intoxicating fragrance.從窗子里吹進(jìn)一陣陣醉人的清香。(2)On the winding path were to be found footprints of some strange animals.沿著曲折的小道可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些奇異野獸的足跡。3And as E

32、ducation reporter Art McFarland discovered，it appears to be working.(閱讀理解第一段)正如教育報(bào)記者Art McFarland看到的那樣，機(jī)器開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。(1)As might be expected，John was admitted to the university.約翰被大學(xué)錄取了，這是可以預(yù)料到的。(2)More American troops are being sent to the Middle East，as I have learnt from the newspaper.我從報(bào)紙上得知，更多的美國(guó)部隊(duì)正在

33、被派往中東。4Once they started running the car，they didnt want to eat in the cafeteria any more. (閱讀理解第七段)車一發(fā)動(dòng)，他們就不再想吃餐廳里的東西(1)The ship sank below the water，and wasnt seen any more.輪船沉沒在浪濤之下，再也見不到了。(2)They decided not to take part in Asian Games any more.參考答案. 1D2A3C4A*結(jié)束The Diary of a Young Girl is a boo

34、k based on the writings from a diary written by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. Anne Frank began to keep a diary on her thirteenth birthday, 12 June 1942, three weeks before going into hiding with her mother Edith, fathe

35、r Otto, sister Margot and four other people. With the assistance of a group of Otto Frank's trusted colleagues they remained hidden for two years and one month. They were arrested in 1944 and sent to separate Nazi concentration camps. Anne Frank finally died of typhus(斑疹傷寒) in the Bergen-Belsen

36、concentration camp shortly (about two weeks) before liberation by British troops in April 1945. Of the group of eight, only Otto Frank, Anne's father, survived the war. After the war, he got back the diary that was saved and kept by his friend.When Otto Frank read his daughter's diary, he wa

37、s astonished. "I never knew my little Anne was so deep". Anne Frank's story has become an example of Jewish suffering under Adolf Hitler, and a warning of the consequences of racism and persecution(迫害).There has been guess about the identity of Kitty, who in Anne's revised diary is

38、 the only receiver of her letters. It was once thought that the name referred to Kitty Egyedi, a prewar friend of Frank's. However, Kitty Egyedi said in an interview that she was flattered by the assumption but doubted the diary was addressed to her: “Kitty became so idealized and started to lea

39、d her own life in the diary. The name . is not meant to be me.”The character's fictional(虛構(gòu)的) origin was proved undoubtedly later. Anne had expressed the desire in the introduction of her diary for one person that she could call her truest friend, that is, a person to whom she could confide her deepest thoughts and feelings. She observed that she had many "friends", but (by her own definition) no true, dear friend with whom she could share her innermost thoughts. In fact, t