Zigbee無線中繼控制和電源監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)

1、作者:日期:Zigbee無線中繼控制和電源監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)Shrey Surana (ss632) Shrey Surana( ss632)Casey Worthington( cdw38) 凱西沃 辛頓 (cdw38)Contents 內(nèi)容Introduction導(dǎo)言本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Rationale and sources of your project idea基本原理和思想來源的項(xiàng)目 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Background Theory 背景理論文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)

2、用途Physical Layer物理層本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Link Layer 鏈路層 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Network and Tran sport Layers網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和傳輸層 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理 ，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Session, Presentation, and Application Layers 會(huì)議，簡報(bào)，以及應(yīng)用層 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè) 用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Our Project 我們的項(xiàng)目 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商

3、業(yè)用途Logical Structure 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Hardware/Software Tradeoffs 硬件/軟件權(quán)衡 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Standards 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Software Details 軟件的詳細(xì)信息 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Overview 概述 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Evolution of Software Design 軟件設(shè)計(jì)的演變 個(gè)人收

4、集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Software Design, Microcontroller Side軟件設(shè)計(jì)，單片機(jī)側(cè)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理,來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Software Design， PC Side 軟件設(shè)計(jì)，PC端個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Xbee Configuration: A Brief Primer的XBee配置：簡引物 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Our Xbee Configuration 我們的 XBee配置文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，

5、來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)PC Side The Coordinator PC端：協(xié)調(diào)員 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理,來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途MCU Side: The End Device單片機(jī)端：終端設(shè)備本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理 ，來 源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Why use Xbee IO to monitor relays controlled by the MCU?為什么使用單片機(jī)的 XBee 印務(wù)局,監(jiān)察繼電器控制的 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Hardware Details 硬件詳細(xì)信息 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于

6、網(wǎng)絡(luò)Arduino Board阿爾杜伊諾委員會(huì) 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Xbee Chip 的XBee芯片個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Relays 繼電器本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Thi ngs We Tried that Did Not Work ( Hardware)事情我們試過了沒有工作 (硬件文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Results of the design 設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Speed of execution 執(zhí)行速

7、度個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Accuracy 精度本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理 ，勿做商業(yè)用途How you enforced safety in the design你如何實(shí)施設(shè)計(jì)中的安全 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途In terfere nee with other people ' desig ns干擾與人的其他設(shè)計(jì) 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Usability by you and other people 可用性你和其他人 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途文

8、檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源 于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Conclusions 結(jié)論個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Overview 概述文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Things We Could Improve Upon事情是我們可以改善我們 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途IP Considerations IP注意事項(xiàng)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理 ，勿做商業(yè)用途Ethical considerations.道德方面的考慮。10 10文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Societal Impa

9、ct 社會(huì)影響文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Legal considerations 法律方面的考慮 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Hardware 硬件本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Software 軟件個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Appendix of Code 附錄代碼本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Appendix of Schematics 附錄示意圖 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Appendix of Cost

10、 附錄成本 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Appendix: Member Tasks 附錄：會(huì)員任務(wù) 個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Shrey Surana Shrey Surana個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Casey Worthington 凱西沃辛頓 文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途References 參考文獻(xiàn)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Data Sheets 數(shù)據(jù)表個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Ven dor Sites供

11、應(yīng)商的網(wǎng)站文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Code and Desig ns Borrowed From Others代碼和設(shè)計(jì)借鑒了其他 本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Background Sources 背景來源個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Ackno wledgeme nts 致謝本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途In troductio n簡介We desig ned a system for wirelessly con trolli ng relays and

12、mon itori ng curre nt.我們設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)無線控制繼電器和監(jiān)測當(dāng)前的系統(tǒng) .This is used for a home load simulation 。這是用于家庭負(fù)載模擬。Bywirelessly tur ning relays on and off by sending comma nds from a PC to a microc on troller we can cha nge the total load (curre nt) to our simulated home 。通過無線方式打開和關(guān)閉繼電器從PC發(fā)送命令到微控制器，我們可以改變我們的模擬家用總負(fù)載(

13、電流).For wireless communication, we used XBeeSeries 2乙gbee RF modules對(duì)于無線通信中，我們使用的 XBee系列2乙gBee射頻模塊。One of these modules was connected to a microcontroller and the home load simulation, while another was connected to the PC, which was used for collecting and displaying data as well as for relay monit

14、oring and con trol.這些模塊之一，是連接到微控制器和家庭模擬加載，而另一個(gè)是連接到PC這是收集和展 示為繼電器監(jiān)測和控制數(shù)據(jù)以及使用。本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Ration ale and sources of your project idea 思想的基本原理和你的項(xiàng)目來This project was proposed by a research/project team here at Corn ell work ing on a so-called SmartHome Energy Monitoring System。 Our poi

15、nts of referenee within this group are Professor John Belina ( ) and Kamil Bojanczyk ( ).該項(xiàng)目是由一個(gè)研究 /智能家居系統(tǒng)能源監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目的團(tuán)隊(duì)在康奈爾大學(xué)工作的一個(gè)所謂的。我們在本組的參考點(diǎn)是教授約翰 Belina ( )和卡米爾 Bojanczyk ( ).文檔為個(gè) 人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)What this group is

16、 work ing on is an en ergy-mon itor ing system for a home using alter native en ergy sources。這個(gè)集團(tuán)是什么工作，是一個(gè)使用替代能源的家庭能源監(jiān)測系統(tǒng).A very high-level blockdiagram of this system is shown below :非常高的級(jí)別該系統(tǒng)的框圖如下：Figure 1。圖1。High-level diagram of the "Smart Home Energy Monitoring System。"高級(jí)別圖 智能家庭能源監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)

17、?！盜n the above diagram, the Magic Box" esse ntially exists to route en ergy betwee n the house, the various energy sources (for example , a solar cell or the electric grid), and an energy storage unit (such as a rechargeable battery).在上面的圖中，魔術(shù)盒”的存在是為了基本路線之間的眾議院能源，各種能源(例如，太陽能電池或電網(wǎng))和一個(gè)能量存儲(chǔ)單元(如充電電

18、池)。In this project, we will black box"this Magic-Box system, and in stead focus on ano ther porti on of this en ergy mon itor ing system, whichin volves sending data regard ing en ergy usage and various en ergy loads (by wirelessly con trolled relays) to a PC in order to display and monitor ene

19、rgy usage within the home。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，我們將 黑盒子" 這個(gè)魔術(shù)盒系統(tǒng)，而是集中在另一本能源監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，它包括發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)在能源使用和各種能源負(fù)載(由無線控制繼電器)的一部分，以便到PC顯示和監(jiān)測在家庭能源消耗。個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途個(gè)人收集整理,勿做商業(yè)用途? ? Our project focuses on the House to In Home Display (IHD) part of this system。我們的 項(xiàng)目集中到在眾議院在家庭顯示器(IHD的)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的一部分。What our project does is thefollowin

20、g:我們做什么項(xiàng)目如下：? ? Simulates a home by using resistors to model various appliances or groups of appliances模擬家庭使用電阻來模擬各種用具或設(shè)備組? ? Allows a user to wirelessly turn on and off various sets of appliances by controlling relays 允許用戶以無線方式打開和關(guān)閉各種成套設(shè)備通過控制繼電器? ? Monitors total power consumption and current in th

21、is home顯示器總功率消耗，在這個(gè)家里電流? ?Wirelessly transmits the above data to a PC, displaying the data on a graph that showsreal-time power consumption in the home( or simulated home)上述數(shù)據(jù)無線傳輸至U 電腦，顯示在圖上顯示實(shí)時(shí)的家用電源消耗(或模擬的家庭)中的數(shù)據(jù)Our simulated home ” con sists of 7 applia nces, each modeled by a resista nee (a load)

22、。我們模擬的 家" 由 7用具，用電阻(負(fù)載)為藍(lán)本每個(gè).These 7 loads are all in parallel, and are fed voltage from a 5 V DC source (the microcontroller).這7個(gè)都在并行加載，并美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)從5 V直流源(微控制器)電壓。In a real house, the source voltage would be 120 V AC (in the Uni ted States at least)。在實(shí)際的房子， 電源 電壓 120 伏交流會(huì)(在美國至少).We con sidered attemp

23、t ing to impleme nt this, but con sideri ng thepractical dan gers of playi ng aro und" with 120 V AC circuits as well as the fact that a relay con trol system shouldn ' depend on the voltages being fed through the relays led us to decide to stick with 5 V DC circuits for testing and simulat

24、ion。我們認(rèn)為試圖實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，但考慮玩弄”的120伏交流電電路，這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：繼電器控制系統(tǒng)不應(yīng)依賴于正在通過繼電器的電壓以及美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的現(xiàn)實(shí)危險(xiǎn)使我們決 定堅(jiān)持5 V直流測試和模擬電路。文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途Backgro und Theory背景理論What we have built is a simple transmission system based on the Zigbee routing and networking protocol.我們已經(jīng)建立是一個(gè)簡單的傳輸系統(tǒng)協(xié)議基于乙gBee路由和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。This protocol and itsde

25、tails are discussed in greater detail i n the Stan dards sect ion (below); in this sect ion, we focus on un derly ing n etwork theory and the role this theory played in our project 。本議定書和它的細(xì)節(jié)更詳細(xì) 地討論在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)(下)，在這節(jié)中，我們側(cè)重于基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論與我們的項(xiàng)目中的作用發(fā)揮這一理論.Data networks (and transmission systems) are typically divide

26、d into various layers based on functionality.數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)(與傳輸系統(tǒng))是典型的基于功能分成不同的層次。This is sometimes called aprotocol stack” (in our case, we are using a Zigbee stack')。這有時(shí)被稱為一個(gè) 協(xié)議棧"(在我 們的例子中，我們使用的是 ZigBee協(xié)議棧")。Essentially, the lower the layer , the closer we are to worrying about actual physical

27、electrons flying around. 從本質(zhì)上講，層越低，越接近我們要擔(dān)心實(shí)際物 理電子飛來飛去。Con versely, the higher the layer, the less we are worryi ng about physical con stra intsand the more abstract the data structures are that we are deali ng with and mani pulat ing.相反，較高的層,那么我們擔(dān)心的物理限制和更抽象的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是，我們正在處理和操作。本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集

28、，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途The most famous of these layeri ng models is the Ope n System In terc onnection (OSI) Refere nee Mode, which is shown below:其中最有名的這些分層模型是開放系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)(OS)參考模型，它是如下所示：OSI ModelData unitLayerFunction7* ApplicationNetwork process to applicationHost layersData& PresentationData rep reentatjon. enc

29、rypt! d n and decryption5. Sessioninter host conrununicatronSegments4. TransportEnd-to-end connectront and ret lability/low controlMedia layersPacket3. WetworkRath determinabon and logical addressingFrameN Data LinkPhysical addressingBit1. PhysicalMedia, signat and binary tT&n amissionFigure 2。圖

30、 2。The OSI Reference Model ( Source: /wiki/OSI_model) OSI 參考模型(來源：http : //wiki/OSI_model )The functionality of each layer (or group of layers) is described in a bit more detail below. 本)功能的 每一層(或組層位中描述更詳細(xì)說明。Physical Layer 物理層The physical layer's job is to m

31、ove in dividual digital bits from one place to ano ther。 物理層的工作是從 一個(gè)地方至9另一個(gè)個(gè)人數(shù)碼位。The protocols in this layer depend on the actual physical medium。在這一層的協(xié)議依賴于實(shí)際的物理介質(zhì)。For example, in a wireless system, the actual physical mediumis simply the atmosphere.例如，在一個(gè)無線系統(tǒng)，實(shí)際的物理介質(zhì)是簡單的氣氛。Link Layer 鏈路層A network&#

32、39;s link layer routes a series of bits (sometimes called a datagram ) from one node in a network to an other。 一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的鏈路層路線的一系列位從一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)(有時(shí))稱為 數(shù)據(jù)包 至9另一個(gè)地方。This can happe n through a series of in termediate switches （or routers ）。 這可能發(fā)生通過）系列交換機(jī)或路由器中間 （。Protocols at this layer provide more robust and ful

33、l-featured services than protocols at the physical layer。在這層協(xié)議提供服務(wù)而不是在物理層協(xié)議功能強(qiáng)大，更全面。 WiFiis one example of a link layer protocol. WiFi 是一種協(xié)議的一個(gè)例子鏈路層。Network and Tran sport Layers 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和傳輸層Again, since these layers are higher in the model, protocols at this layer typically are more full-featured than p

34、rotocols at the link or physical layers。同樣，因?yàn)檫@些層較高的模型，在此協(xié)議層通常是更全面 的功能比在鏈路層協(xié)議或身體。Protocols at these layers use the link layer's routing capabilities tomove the aforeme nti oned datagrams betwee n no des in a n etwork。 在這些層協(xié)議使用的鏈路層的路 由功能，移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的上述數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)。The In ter net Protocol （ IP） is probably the

35、 most famousnetwork layer protocol， while the Transmission Control Protocol （TCP and the User Datagram Protocol （ UDP） are two examples of well known and widely used transport layer protocols。 因 特網(wǎng)協(xié)議（IP）可能是最有名的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議，而傳輸控制協(xié)議（TCP和用戶數(shù)據(jù) 報(bào)協(xié)議（UDP）協(xié)議 的例子有兩個(gè)知名的和廣泛使用的傳輸層 Certa in higher-level fun ctio nality

36、 is more prevale nt in thesetwo layers than in lower levels.某些更高級(jí)別的功能是越層普遍比在這兩個(gè)較低的水平 For example,flow con trol -co ntrolli ng the tran smissi on rate betwee n no des in order to lower con gesti on on the network （realizing that even just a two-node transmission system can be considered a network&quo

37、t;）-and reliable transmission （ensuring that a packet is actually received） are two features commonly implemented in the network and transport layers。例如,流量控制一為了控制節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的傳輸速率降 低）的網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞（意識(shí)到，甚至只是一個(gè)兩節(jié)點(diǎn)的傳輸系統(tǒng)可以被認(rèn)為是網(wǎng)絡(luò)"可靠的傳輸（確保數(shù)據(jù)包實(shí)際上是收到）是傳輸層的功能一般兩年實(shí)施的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理,來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Session ； Presentation

38、, and Application Layers 會(huì)議， 演示和應(yīng)用層These layers are essentially the end result of a networking protocol stack。這些層在本質(zhì)上是最終結(jié) 果棧網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議。For example, a web browser resides in the application layer.例如，Web 瀏覽器駐留在應(yīng)用層。These layers make use of all of the lower layers to send data betwee n no des on a n etwork ,a

39、nd then use their own protocols for manipulating that data。這些層使層使用較低的所有發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)上 的節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的數(shù)據(jù)，然后使用自己的協(xié)議來操縱數(shù)據(jù)。A web browser renders HTML but useslowerlevel protocols to send HTML between nodes in a network。 呈現(xiàn) HTML 網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器，但使用 較低級(jí)別的協(xié)議來發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的HTML中。文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Our Project 我們的項(xiàng)目The part of

40、our project that we implemented basically deals with the network layer and above. 該項(xiàng)目 的一部分，我們，我們基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)上述處理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和.The XBee chips (which are discussed in muchgreater detail later in the report ) and firmware allow us to black box" the Data Link and Physical layers, and the ope n source Xbee API and

41、 Xbee-Ardui no software packages greatly simplified our work in the network layer.該芯片的XBee (這是更詳細(xì)討論后，在報(bào)告)和固件讓我們黑盒子"中的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路和物理層，和開源的XBee API的和XBee "阿爾杜伊諾軟件極大地簡化了我們的工作網(wǎng)絡(luò)層。Thus,it was not strictly necessary for us to have a deep understanding of the underlying physical, link, and network layer

42、 protocols used, but a brief discussion of this is warranted nonetheless. 因此，它不是完全 有必要讓我們能夠有一個(gè)，鏈接的深刻理解的基礎(chǔ)物理和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議使用，但這個(gè)簡短的討論是必要的仍然。個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途The physical layer protocol/standard used in Zigbee systems is IEEE 802 15.4 ( http : /www。ieee802。 org/15/pub/TG4.html ).物理層協(xié)議 /標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)使用在 Zi

43、gbee 是 IEEE 80215。4( http:/www.ieee802。 org/15/pub/TG4。html )。 This is a wireless standard that operates, in North America , in the range of 24002483.5 MHz or 902-928 MHz.這是一個(gè)無線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，經(jīng)營美國，北，在兆赫范圍2400-2483。5 MHz 或902-928。 Zigbee, and most importantly our chips, operate in the higher 2。4 GHz range, so th

44、at isthe range we will briefly discuss here。 ZigBee和最重要的是我們的芯片，工作在更高的 2。4 GHz頻 率范圍，所以這是我們將簡要的范圍在這里討論 .The data transmission rate is up to 250 kilobits perseco nd.數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率達(dá)到每千位二百五十秒文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Logical Structure邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)A block diagram of our system is shown below。我們的系統(tǒng)框圖如下所示。As you can see

45、 there areseven relays which are con trolled by the MCU.正如你可以看到其中有七個(gè)是由單片機(jī)控制繼電器。The MCU gets its comma nd from the Xbee Chip which is wirelessly tran smitted from ano ther Xbee chip that is connected to the PC。從得到的單片機(jī)芯片，無線的XBee另一個(gè)的XBee芯片連接到電腦發(fā)送的命令。The user can specify from the PC which relays they wa

46、nt to turn on and off。用戶可以從電腦中指定的繼電器他們要打開和關(guān)閉。 Also all seven of the relays load goes through a .2 ohm power resistor which goes through an optoisolator to keep it safe from the MCU and fin ally to the Xbee chip. 另 外所有負(fù)載的繼電器七經(jīng)過一個(gè)0.2歐姆的電阻，電源通過一個(gè)光隔離器去保證它的安全從MCU，最后到的 XBee芯片。This gets transmitted back to

47、 the PC to be displayed on a graph in a GUI。這得到 傳回的電腦上，在一個(gè)GUI圖形顯示。本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)Arduino BoardAtmel Mega328 MCU 1LzRr1»' iRrM 2Figure 3.圖 3. Highlevel design overview of our project.高級(jí)別我們的項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的概述。Hardware/Software Tradeoffs 硬件 / 軟件權(quán)衡We did n ' really have much hardware/

48、software tradeoffs because we did n't have a budget con stra int since we were working for a project team。我們并沒有真正有很多硬件/軟件的權(quán)衡，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有一個(gè)預(yù)算約束，因?yàn)槲覀兪且粋€(gè)項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)工作。However we did decide to use an Arduino boardin stead of the STK500 which we were used to。但是，我們也決定使用，而不是我們被用于STK5O0勺一阿爾杜伊諾板 .This required less

49、software for us to write.這就要求我們少寫軟件。It seemed muchless tedious to write certain tasks in Arduino such as turning on an LED.這似乎更繁瑣， 如寫一個(gè) LED的 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) Arduino 的某些任務(wù).We were interested in expanding our knowledge of other hardware/software that were similar but not exactly the same as what we had lear ned t

50、hroughout the semestero我們有興趣擴(kuò)大我們的其他硬件/軟件知識(shí)相似，但并不像我們在整個(gè)學(xué)期學(xué)到的完全一 樣。 Other tha n that we did not have to do any other sort of tradeoff betwee n hardware and software.除此之外，我們沒有做任何的硬件和軟件之間的權(quán)衡其他排序。本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途文檔為個(gè)人收集整理，來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The most releva nt sta ndard for our project is the Zigbee wireless n etwor

51、k ing sta ndard, which is IEEE 802。15.4。最適合我們的項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是 ZigBee無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這是IEEE 802.15 4。The reason we chose 乙gbee over WiFi (802.11) or another RF standard was twofold.我們之所以選擇了通過 WiFi(802.11)或其他 RF標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是雙重的 Zigbee 技術(shù)。First, it consumes a very low amount of power, which could be very useful on the MCU end o

52、f our tran smissi on system ( see Ten tative Desig n sect ion).首 先,它消耗的功率非常低的金額，這可能是非常單片機(jī)對(duì)我們的傳輸系統(tǒng)端(見初步設(shè)計(jì)部分)非 常有用。And second， it is ( apparently) of much lower complexity than WiFi, making it easier toimplement.第二，它為(顯然)遠(yuǎn)低于無線的復(fù)雜性， 使得它更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。It has a lower data rate than WiFi (only up to 250 Kbits/seco

53、nd) but is still easily capable of transmitting the relatively low amounts of data that are necessary in this domain.它具有較低的數(shù)據(jù)速率比無線(只到250千位/秒)，但仍然很容易傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)都需要在這一領(lǐng)域的相對(duì)低量的能力。The main feature of this standard is then ecessity of achiev ing tech no logical simplicity， low operati on cost, and low manu fac

54、turi ng cost without sacrificing flexibility or generality。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要特點(diǎn)是實(shí)現(xiàn)不犧牲靈活性或一般性的技術(shù)簡單，運(yùn)行成本低，制造成本低的必要性.個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途Software Details軟件詳細(xì)信息Overview 概述The software portion of this project consists of two main applications: one for an Arduino based microc on troller un it ， and ano ther

55、 for the PC. Arduino ， as discussed in the hardware sect ion, is an open source electronics prototyping platform" based on Atmel microcontrollers (in our case, an ATMega328) and its own Ardui no programmi ng Ian guage .該計(jì)劃的軟件部分包括兩個(gè)主要應(yīng)用：為 一阿爾杜伊諾為基礎(chǔ)的微控制器和彼此?；I委會(huì)一阿爾杜伊諾，如部分討論的硬件，是一個(gè)開放的源電子原型平臺(tái)”基于Atme

56、l微控制器(在我們的情況下，ATMega328)和自己的Arduino編程語言 .This Ianguage is very similar to C/C+， and the programming paradigm is almost exactly the same as it is whe n writ ing in C for AVR-GCC and Atmel MCU's .這種語言是非常相似的 C / C + +和編程范式是 幾乎完全一樣，因?yàn)樗怯肅編寫時(shí)的AVR GCC和愛特梅爾微控制器的.個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途本 文為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集，請(qǐng)勿用作商業(yè)用途On the PC

57、 side, we used Java to in teract with an XBee chip conn ected through either a serial or a USB port （in other words, the XBee is recognized as a serial device on the PC）。 在 PC方面，我們使用 Java 進(jìn)行交互通過串行或 USB端口連接一的XBee芯片（換句話說，該的XBee是PC上的串行設(shè)備識(shí)別）。Evolution of Software Desig n軟件設(shè)計(jì)的演變The reason for choosing a

58、Java-Arduino based system is simple: we found a pair of very well docume nted ope n source （ GPLv3 projects impleme nti ng an API for data tran smissi on using XBee chips and the乙gbee protocol。在選擇Java的阿爾杜伊諾基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)的原因很簡單：我們發(fā)現(xiàn) 了一個(gè)非常良好的記錄開源（GPLv3勺）執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)使用的XBee芯片和乙gBee協(xié)議傳輸?shù)目諝馕廴局?數(shù)的項(xiàng)目配對(duì) These projects are:這些項(xiàng)目是：-XBee API : This is for the PC side.的 XBee API 的：這是用于 PC端。It is a Javasoftware library with the goal of providi nga f