非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)典講解ppt教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)典講解ppt解題思路解題思路 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓馕鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓δ埽ㄈ鐮钫Z(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)）；能（如狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)）； 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么關(guān)系（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）；輯主語(yǔ)是什么關(guān)系（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）； 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式；詞的恰當(dāng)形式； 將該選項(xiàng)置入空中，看是否能夠做到字從意將該選項(xiàng)置入空中，看是否能夠做到字從意順，或是否能傳達(dá)有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。順，或是否能傳達(dá)有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不

2、定式主動(dòng)to doto have doneto be doing被動(dòng)to be doneto have been doneing 形式主動(dòng)doinghaving done被動(dòng)being donehaving been done過去分詞被動(dòng)done分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點(diǎn)分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別一、分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1 1感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice hear, listen to, notic

3、e 等和使役動(dòng)詞等和使役動(dòng)詞have have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶to to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成，表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成。如：動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成。如：I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I

4、 heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。2 2leave leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的leave leave 保留了原來之義保留了原來之義“留下留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使使處于某種狀態(tài)）。處于某種狀態(tài)）。leave sb. doing sth. leave

5、sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事讓某人一直做某事leave sth. undone leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（一般以留下某事未做（一般以u(píng)ndone, undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）為多）leave sb. to do sth. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做留下某事要做如：如：(1)(1)ItI

6、ts wrong of you to leave the machine s wrong of you to leave the machine running.running.你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對(duì)的。（主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對(duì)的。（主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）(2)(2)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnbecause they didnt taste delicious.t taste delicious

7、. 客人們沒有動(dòng)大部分菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來不可口。客人們沒有動(dòng)大部分菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來不可口。(3)(3)He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(4)(4)We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

8、problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下了很多問題等待解決。我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下了很多問題等待解決。 解3 3have, get have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have, have, get get 表示表示“使、讓、叫使、讓、叫”之意。之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使使/ /讓某事由別人去讓某事由別人去做做”（叫（叫/ /讓某人做某事）。如讓某人做某事）。如I Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.ll have /get

9、 my bike repaired tomorrow.此外，此外，have sth. done have sth. done 還表示還表示“使遭受使遭受”之意。之意。如如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.was away on h

10、oliday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物開始行動(dòng)起來如：如：The peasants had the tractor working day and The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.night at the harvest time.農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。The captain got the soldie

11、rs moving toward the The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。注意：注意：“have sb. doinghave sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中若用于否定句中，其中have have 有有“容忍容忍”之意。如：之意。如：I wonI wont have you speaking to your parents like

12、 t have you speaking to your parents like that.that.我不會(huì)讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。我不會(huì)讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。DonDont have the water running all the time. t have the water running all the time. 不要不要讓水流個(gè)不停。讓水流個(gè)不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I cant get h

13、im to stop smoking. He wont listen to me. 二、下列動(dòng)詞后跟帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to

14、 issue clear warning before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門 下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上to： 它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看（look at, see, watch

15、, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動(dòng)詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動(dòng)詞除let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long ti

16、me. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn) 一、不定式作定語(yǔ) 1作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. Here is some paper for you to write on.

17、 但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in). 2當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較： Have you anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”） Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我

18、或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式to be sent 的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”） 3用不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況： (1)不定式表將來： I borrowed some books to read in my holidays (2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。如： He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Women and children were the first to get in

19、to it. (3)用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如： Do you have the ability to read English ? I have a chance to go sight seeing.二、分詞作定語(yǔ)二、分詞作定語(yǔ) 1作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為： doing(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系） being done(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正

20、在進(jìn)行時(shí)） done(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)) 如： The houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Toms. I have never seen a more moving movie. 2作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為：doing 和done doing 表示正在進(jìn)行；done表示已經(jīng)完成。如： falling leaves 正落的葉子 fallen leaves 落下的葉子 boiling water 正沸騰的水 boiled water 沸騰過的水（白開水） 三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在

21、分詞被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 to be done(表示一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作) done表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時(shí)間性。 being done(表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生) 如： He is a man loved and respected by all. Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 不定式、

22、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn) 一、下面動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)： 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。 decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive（斗爭(zhēng)） 等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agree

23、d to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 二、下列動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, a

24、llow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / won

25、derful /hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 三、下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。 1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事 2.remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 3. stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 4.go on to do sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)

26、做同一件事(=go on with sth.) 5.try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事 6.regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事 忘記停止繼續(xù)試 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事 后悔意思有不同 7.mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 8.cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 四動(dòng)詞like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的

27、行為可用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式。如： I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. Id like to go swimming this weekend. 五在動(dòng)詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。即： allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allo

28、w / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 六動(dòng)詞need, require, want 的用法（1）need, require, want “需要” need / require / want doing / to be done (2)need(需要) require (要求)want (想要) need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. (表示錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞

29、) be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned. 七 、動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶wh

30、 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式 注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)保持一致，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.) I dont know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.) Can you tell me why do it ? 八。動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí)

31、，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如： We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I cant choose but laugh. 不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn) 一、不定式作狀語(yǔ) He sat down to have a rest. (表目

32、的) They went there to visit their teacher. 他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。（表目的） He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。（表示結(jié)果） My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到親眼見到中國(guó)解放。（表示結(jié)果） 在某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如： 在某些表示喜、怒、衷、樂的表語(yǔ)形容詞后跟不定式表示原因。 I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry

33、to hear your mother is ill. 在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示程度。 He was too excited not to say a few words. He is old enough to go to school. 注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動(dòng)詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus The bus stopped so as to pick up

34、 passengers。 To look at him, you would like him. (表?xiàng)l件) To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨(dú)立成分) 二、分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主 語(yǔ)保持一致。 分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 2分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。

35、表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引出。如： Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間 Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果) Having b

36、een told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況) 3獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) 有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有： Generally speaking 一般說來 Frankly speaking 坦白地說 Judging from 根據(jù)來判斷 Considering 考慮到 To tell you the truth 說實(shí)話 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其它用法 一、疑問詞 + 不定式結(jié)

37、構(gòu) 疑問詞（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。如： I didnt know what to do. (賓語(yǔ)) When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語(yǔ)) My question was how to get so many books. (表語(yǔ)) 注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ? 二、不定式的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng) 1不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。如： Do you ha

38、ve a knife to cut the watermelon ? (A knife cuts the watermelon.) 2不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。如： She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.) I know what to do. (I do what.) 3不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的關(guān)語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 。 This book is

39、difficult to understand. This kind of fish is nice to eat. 4在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。如： There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. ) There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. ) 請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義的不同點(diǎn)： There is nothing to do. (無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味。) There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常。) 三、不定式符號(hào)to 的保留問題 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget,