形容詞的比較級和最高級詳解與練習(xí)

1、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級英語中大多數(shù)形容詞是可以分等級的，一般有三個等級：原級，比較級和最高級。注意：英語中有些形容詞說明形狀、材質(zhì)等，還有形容詞沒有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，故 而沒有比較級和最高級。常見的有：right正確的wrong錯誤的excellent最好的final最后的last最后的possible可能的 first第一的 east東方的 empty 空的wooden木制的 impossible不可能的favorite 最喜歡的round圓的golden金色的 square方的形容詞副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成：1. 規(guī)則變化ID構(gòu)成方式原級比較級最咼級1一般情況，直接加詞尾-3r

2、或者-esttall youngtaller youngertallest youn gest2以e結(jié)尾的，加-或-tnice largenicerlargernicest largest3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的， 把 y i,再力口 -er或 -esthappy busyhappier busierhappiest busiest4以重讀閉音節(jié)(輔兀輔結(jié)構(gòu))結(jié) 尾的，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母， 再加-er或-est .big hot thinbigger hotter thi nnerbiggest hottest thi nn est5useful careful difficult expe n

3、sivemore useful more careful more difficult less expe nsivemost useful most careful most difficult least expe nsive雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)的形容詞可以在形容詞原級前直接力口 more / less 或 most / least 構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級和最高級注：(1) .以否定前綴un-構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest;untidy-untidier-untidiest.(2) .以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more， most

4、,如：slowly, quickly, softly,angrily等。(3) .由-ing分詞和-ed分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know known)只能加 more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。女口： excited, tired, boring;(4) . 以-y, -er, -ow, -le 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 末尾力口 -er, -est.女口： able, healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow 等。(5) . new,

5、 few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。2. 不規(guī)則變化ID原級比較級最高級1good/ wellbetterbest2ill/ bad/ badlyworseworst3many/ muchmoremost4littlelessleast5farfarther/furtherfarthest/ furthest6oldolder/ elderoldest/eldest注：1、只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級和最高級形式：clever, old, far2、特別提醒：further不僅可以指距離更遠(yuǎn)”還可指程度更深”。記住以下三個詞組: further s

6、tudy進(jìn)修),further , education繼續(xù)教育)further information(進(jìn)一步的信息).elder表示前輩的”、年紀(jì)較長的”，僅用于同一家庭成員的比較；通常只能指人，且只作定語（即只用于 修飾名詞）。女口 ： eldersister（姐姐），elder brother（哥哥），elder son長子；older則不受這些限制。 補(bǔ)充用于不可數(shù)名詞用于可數(shù)名詞表示多”much more the mostmany more the most表示少”littleless the leastFew fewer the fewest比較等級的用法：一、原級形容詞的本來形式

7、就是形容詞的原級。用原級進(jìn)行比較時可以使用下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)（同級比較）：1. 表示比較的雙方相等，用” asa結(jié)構(gòu)，與一樣”。表示 前者像后者一樣”，即A + be + as +形容詞原級 + as + B. e.g.John is as tall as his brother. we II give you as much help as we can.You' re boy as good as Tom.=You ' res good a boy as Tom.你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。2. 表示比較的雙方不相等（形容詞原級表示比較級含義）:，用“notasas'結(jié)構(gòu)，意

8、為 不如，不及”，表示 前者不如后者”，即A + be + not as +形容詞原級 + as + B. 。 e.g. John is not as tall as his brother. She isn ' at（so）active in sports as before.Joh n is not so stupid as Mike. =Joh n is less stupid tha n Mike. =Joh n is cleverer tha n Mike. 約翰不象邁克那么 笨。3. 表示A是B的多少倍： A+be+倍數(shù)+as.as+B.女口： The earth is 4

9、9 times as big as the moon.My ruler is twice as long as yours.二、比較級當(dāng)把一個人或物同另外一個人或物比較時，就需要用到形容詞比較級。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B.e.g. Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie.1. 比較級后面往往用連詞than連接另一個比較的人或事物，但在上下文明確的情況下，形容詞比較級可單獨使用。例如：This ruler is very Ion g,but that o ne is Ion ger

10、.這把尺子很長，那把尺子更長。2. 在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，than后面要用that或those來代替用來比較的名詞。如：In summer, the weather in Chongqing is hotter than that in Yibin.在夏季，重慶的天氣比宜賓的天氣熱。The flowers in my garden are much more beautiful than those in the park.我家花園里的花要比那個公園里的花 漂亮多了。比較級的幾種特殊用法：1. 用比較級表示最高級A+be+比較級+tha n+a ny other+單數(shù)名詞，或者， A+be+

11、比較級+tha n+the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞He is taller than any other student in the class. =He is taller than the other students in the class.他比班上其他的 同學(xué)都高。2. 兩個中比較 的 A+ the+比較級 +of the two/pair/twins :He is the cleverer of the two. = Of the two boys, he is the clever.他是這兩個中比較聰明的3. 越來越More and more 注：這里的 more代表比較級，而不

12、是說一定是more,如說，越來越聰明就該說：cleverer and cleverer.一般和動詞 be, get, become （變得）連用。He is gett ing more and more han dsome It is beco ming cheaper and cheaper4. 越就越The morethemore注：此處的 more和上面一樣，代表比較級。女口：The richer you are, the happier you will be.The harder you work, the better your grades will be.5. 表示大多少，多多

13、少，高多少等A+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級+than+B.女口：She is two years older than me 她比我大兩歲.6. 表示倍數(shù)，A+be+數(shù)詞+times+形容詞比較級+tha n+B Our room is twice larger than theirs.我們的房間是他們的兩倍大。注：兩倍為 twice而不是two times.7. more than 多余，超過，相當(dāng)于over； less than少于，不足。如:He is more than（over） 80 years old I have less than five yuan.使用比較級時常見的錯誤：mor

14、e不可修飾比較級，但是much可以用來加強(qiáng)比較級，意為".的多”更。She looks more younger than I. （ x ）She looks much younger than I. （ V）拓展：修飾比較級的詞或詞組除了書上所列舉的much和a little以外，還可以用 a lot, far, a bit, a little,many, still, even等，但一定不能用 very, more, quite, too, so等.如：I feel much better now.我現(xiàn)在感覺好多了。This box is a little heavier tha

15、n that one.這只箱子比那只箱子重一點兒。（2）比較的對象或范圍出現(xiàn)錯誤。A、比較對象不對等：The weather of Shanghai is hotter than Beijing.（ X（比較的對象應(yīng)該是北京的天氣，而不是北京）The weather of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. （v上海的天氣比北京的熱 （that 代天氣）B、邏輯錯誤：從比較范圍上看，如果在同一范圍內(nèi)，形容詞的比較級必須把自己排除掉，即自己不能與自己相比，而 最高級必須包含自己。例如：1.他比他班的任何一個學(xué)生都高。誤： He is taller t

16、han any student in his class.（he 包括在 any student 里面）正: He is taller than any other student in his class.（any other student 里面已排除了 he）2. 這塊手表是所有手表中最好的。誤：This watch is the best of all the other watches.（all the other watches 不包含前面的 this watch）正: This watch is the best of all the watches.（all the watch

17、es 包含前面的 this watch）3. 中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。誤：China is larger than any country in Asia.（）（出現(xiàn)了邏輯上的錯誤，中國在亞洲范圍內(nèi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除在外）正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.（V）中國比亞洲別的國家要大。注意：如果不在同一范圍內(nèi)，比較級就不必把前面的主語排除掉。例如：Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia.上海比澳大利亞任何城市都大。（上海不屬于澳大利亞，所以city前不必加other）試比較：Shan

18、ghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中國任何一座城市都大三、最高級三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較，表示其中程度最高的比較形式需要使用形容詞的最高級。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A + be + the形容詞最高級+ of /in +比較范圍.（注：形容詞最高級前面通常要加定冠詞the）e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. or Jackie is the tallest of all the stude nts.須注意的情況：1、 最高級后面往往用 of或in介詞短語來表示形容詞的最高級的比較范圍(of或in短

19、語可提前到句首)。of短語所指的范圍通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一個場所；如果指一個場所，則用介詞in。例如：He is the stro ngest of the three.他是三個人中身體最強(qiáng)壯的。He is the stro ngest in our class.他是我們班里身體最強(qiáng)壯的。2、 形容詞最高級前通常要加定冠詞the,而以下幾種情況一般不需要加定冠詞the:(1)形容詞最高級前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時，最高級前不用the。如：The Yellow River is the second Iongest river in China. 黃河是中

20、國第二長河。The Changjiang River is the Iongest river in China. 長江是中國第一大河。He is our best teacher他是我們最好的老師。(2 )形容詞最高級在句中作表語而比較范圍又不明確時，最高級前不用the。如：They are happiest on Saturdays他們在星期六最快樂。(3)如果兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，第二個形容詞最高級前不加the。如：He is the you ngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年齡最小、個子最高的男孩。3、表示"最.之

21、一”，one of the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。女口： one of the largest countries最大的國家之一, one of the tallest people 最高的人之一注：副詞最高級前常省略the。重點與難點：(1) toot與 so/suchthaSb.can ' 的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：前者為簡單句，主語只有一個，而后者為復(fù)合句，主語有兩個，試比較：The man was too angry to be able to speak. = The man was so angry that he wasn' able to speak.The milk wa

22、s too hot to drink. =The milk was so hot that we can ' drink it.The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is so young that he can' t go to to school. = He is such athat he can ' t go to school.(2) tooto 與not enough to句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：He is too young to get married.=He is n ot old eno ugh to ge

23、t married.The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is n ot easy eno ugh for me to read.附加練習(xí)：形容詞比較級和最高級一、寫出下列單詞的反義詞1. hot2.new3. clean4. high5. heavy6.cold7. bad二、寫出下列形容詞的比較級和最高級old busy thin longwidefatheavyunhappybrightly-quicklyslowfewbadlyfarhappy- many 5. delicious三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. Bob

24、 is( young ) tha n Fred but(tall) tha n Fred.2. Yin gtia n is not as (tall) as Yon gxia n.3. Almost all the stude nts' faces are the same but Li Deming looks(fat) tha n before .4. Which is (heavy), a hen or a chicke n?5. - How(tall) is Sally? - She' s 1.55 metres(tall). What about Xiaoli ng?

25、-She' s only 1.40 metres (tall). She is much (short) than Sally. She is also the (short)girl in the class.6. He is (bad) at learning maths. He is much (bad) at Chinese and he is the(bad) atEn glish.7. Annie says Sally is the(kind) pers on in the world.8. He is one of the(frien dly) people in the

26、 class, I think.9. A dictio nary is much(expe nsive)tha n a story-book.10. An orange ia a little(big) than an apple, but much(small) than a watermelon (西瓜).11. Miss Chen isthan Mr. Wang. (popular)12. Mr. Lin isthan Mr. Brow n. (sad)13. The basketball isthan the baseball. (big)14. Questi on A istha n

27、 Questi on B. (importa nt)15. A rose isthan a weed(野草).(beautiful)16. Toronto iscity in Can ada. (large)17. Playi ng computer games isof all the activities.( in teresti ng).18. The Nile(尼羅河)isriver in the world. (long)19. Good health isthing life. (importa nt)20. Taking a taxi isway to get to the ai

28、rport. (easy)21. Test 1 isof all the tests. (difficult )22. He isthan any other boy in the class. (clever)23. She istha n all the other stude nts. (young)24. The wi ndow isof the two. (n arrow)25. Where is thebus-stop? (n ear)26. He is one ofpoliticians( 政治家).(famous)27. Tom drives muchthan Joh n. (

29、careful)28. The white flower is(beautiful). The yellow flower is(beautiful)than the whiteflower. The red flower is theof the three.29. Your classroom is(wide)a nd(bright) tha n ours.30. Is your sister(young) tha n you? Yes,she is.31. Who is(thi n), you or Hele n? Hele n is.32. Fa ngfang is not as(ta

30、ll) as the other girls.33. My eyes are(big) tha n(she).34. Which is(heavy),the elepha nt or the pig?35. John ' s parents have four daughters, and she is the(young) child.36. This book is not as(in teresti ng) as that one.37. Saturday is my(busy) day in a week.38. Her mother is gett ing(fat) and(

31、fat).39. I think it' s too expe nsive. I' d like a(cheap) one.40. He comes to school much(early) tha n I.41. - Annie plays the pia no very(well). - Sue plays it(well) tha n Annie. And Sally plays itthe(well).42. Sue is a little(beautiful) tha n her sister.43. My room is not as(big) as my bro

32、ther' s.44. -How difficult is physics? -I' m not sure. -Is it(difficult) tha n maths? - I don' t think so.45. Most of the stude nts think a lion is much(dan gerous) tha n a bear and it is the(da ngerous)ani mal in the world.46. The apples in the other shop areand.(cheap; good)47. Many of

33、 the stars are so away that we can ' t see them. (far)48. The Yangtze River(長江)is very(long) . In fact, it _ s river in China (long).49. The(much), the(good).50. Nowadays(現(xiàn)在)English is( important ) than any other subject, I think.51. Tom can jump(high). He jumps(high) tha n the other boys in his

34、 class.52. Janet sing(well) in her class. She can sing(well) tha n her music teacher, too.53. My father is(han dsome). But my brother is(han dsome) tha n him. He is(han dsome) inmy family.54. I have(many) books in my class. But my teacher has(many) books tha n(I).55. Their house is much(old) tha n(w

35、e).56. She dances(well) than(he).57. His house are(small) of the four.58. Does her mother get up(early) tha n(you)?59. Which eats(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse?60. Which is(heavy), a hen or a chicke n?61. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the(clever).62. Gold(黃金)is(little) useful than iron(鐵).6

36、3. Practice as(much) as you can.64. My brother is two years(old)tha n I / me.65. The(cheap) bags are not usually the best on es.66. Li Deming looks(fat) tha n before after the summer holidays.67. The boy is not so(in teresti ng) as his brother.68. Dick sings(well), she sings(well) tha n Joh n, but M

37、ary sings(well) in her class.69. She will be much(happy) in her new house.70. Alice is not as(tall) as Mike.四、選擇題()1. She istha n.A. busier / us B. busier / our C. more busy / us D. more busy / we()2. Ja ne isthan Betty.A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall()3. China iscountry i

38、n the world.A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest()4. -Which isseas on in Beiji ng?-I think it's autu mn.A.goodB.better C.bestD.the best()5 . - Which is, the sun, the moon or the earth? - Of course, the moon is.A.small B.smallerC.smallest D.the smallest(

39、 )6.The air in Beiji ng is gett ing muchnow tha n a few years ago.A. clea n B. clea ner C. clea nestD. the clea nest()7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they aretha n before.A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapestD. the cheapest()8 . I study English asas my brother.A.hard B. harder C. hardest()9. Which

40、is, a bicycle or a computer? A. expe nsive B.more expe nsive C.the most expe nsive()10. The Yellow River is one ofrivers in Chi na.A long B Ion ger C the Ion gest()11 . He feelstoday tha n yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired()12. Which do you like, coffee, tea or milk? A.

41、 the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst()13. Of the two toys, the child chose.A. the more expe nsive B. one most expe nsive C. a least expe nsive D. the most expe nsive of them()14. The line istha n that one.A. more Ion ger B. n ot Io nger C. much more Ion ger D. many more Ion ger()15. She is the

42、seco ndstude nt in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest()16. The book isof the two.A. thi nner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinn est()17. She lookstha n she does.A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older()18. The garde n is beco ming.A. more beautiful and moreB. more be

43、autiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler()19. They competed (比賽)to see who could work.A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better()20.hurry,speed(欲速則不達(dá)).A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little()21. This kind of coffee is different.A. and it is also better B. and better than the other C. but also than others D. from the other, and better()22.The earth isthe moon.A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 timesKe