中考英語名詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：名詞用法二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：中考名詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)一、名詞介紹1. 名詞分類專有名詞：表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)和組織名稱。Lucy, China, the Great Wall普通名詞：A. 可數(shù)：個(gè)體 dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball集體名詞family,police,class,group,teamB. 不可數(shù)：物質(zhì)，物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料，rice,glass,porridge, paper,air,wood,wheat,steel抽象，表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為和感情等抽象概念Kno wledge,

2、dan ger,health, life, homework2.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)情況構(gòu)成方法、七寺 讀曰例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/S/map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags /car-cars以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾加-es讀 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以 ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾加-s讀 /iz/lice nse-lice nses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾y i再力卩es讀/z/baby-babies般：力口 -s, cakes, days,students,beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch 結(jié)尾名詞，力口 -es, buses, bo

3、xes, watches以輔音字母力口 -y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i, 加-es, baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries以元音字母力口 y 結(jié)尾，力口 -s, toy-toys,m on key-mon keys以 f(fe) 結(jié)尾，變 f(fe) 為 ves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge 結(jié)尾，力口-s, face-faces, orange-oranges不規(guī)則變化：改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母，man-men woman-women, foot-feet, tooth

4、-teeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chin ese-Ch in ese其他其他形式，mouse-mice國(guó)別：國(guó)籍總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)中國(guó)人the Chin esea Chin esetwo Chin ese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亞人the Australia nsan Australia ntwo Australia ns俄國(guó)人the Russia nsa Russia ntwo Russia ns意大利人the Italia nsan Italia ntwo Italia ns希臘人

5、the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Fren chma ntwo Fren chme n日本人the Japa nesea Japanesetwo Japa nese美國(guó)人the America nsan America ntwo America ns印度人the In dia nsan In dia ntwo In dia ns加拿大人the Can adia nsa Can adia ntwo Can adia ns德國(guó)人the Germa nsa Germa nstwo Germa ns英國(guó)人the En glishan En glishma

6、 ntwo En glishme n瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes以 o 結(jié)尾名詞，力口 es, negro, hero, tomato,potato名詞作定語變復(fù)數(shù)：1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室talks table 談判桌the foreign languages department外語系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定語時(shí)， 其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen o

7、fficials3) 有些原有 s 結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)， s 保留。例如：goods train (貨車) arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷4) 數(shù)詞 +名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：two-dozen eggs兩打雞蛋a ten-mile walk十英里路two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃3. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)： 數(shù)詞或冠詞 +量詞 +of+ 不可數(shù)名詞，量詞可單復(fù)數(shù)，但of 后的名詞只用原形，如 a piece of paper, a dro

8、p of water, two cups of tea4. 名詞所有格： 's 和 of 形式。' s 形式表示有生命的東西， of 所有格用來表示無生命的 東西my brother ' s book the windows of the room 兩個(gè)并列單數(shù)名詞表示兩者共有時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加' sThis is Mary and her sister' s bedroom.Lily and Lucy' s mother is a nurse.如果表示兩者分別有，那么兩個(gè)詞都要加' sThese are Tom ' s an

9、d Mary ' s bags.如果以 s 結(jié)尾名詞，其后加' , 其他形式加' sTeachers ' Day Children ' s Day店鋪、醫(yī)院名稱加' s, at the doctor' ssomeone,everybody,no one 和 else, 在 else 后加' s, 如 somebody else ' s pencil表示時(shí)間， 距離，國(guó)家， 城市等無生命的東西的名詞， 可以在詞尾加' s 或'來構(gòu)成所有格。A. 用于時(shí)間An hour ' s rideB. 用于度量T

10、hirteen tons ' weightC. 用于價(jià)值A(chǔ) hundred yuan ' s orderD. 用于天體The earth ' s satelliteE. 用于國(guó)家Belgium ' s capitalF. 用于城市The Ural ' s industry5. 雙重所有格： of+ 名詞所有格， of+ 名詞性物主代詞表示部分概念，of短語修飾的名詞前通常有表示數(shù)量的限定詞， 女口： a, an, one, two , some, several ， a few ， many， any， no 等。This is a picture of

11、 mine.這是我的一張照片。雙重所有格與 of 所有格的不同。如：He is a friend of your father's.他是你父親的一個(gè)朋友。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)你父親的朋友不止一個(gè)）He is a friend of your father.他是你父親的朋友。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)他對(duì)你父親的友好）6. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化某些名詞后加y變形容詞，表示"充滿的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny某些名詞后加ful變形容詞，表示"性質(zhì)的”，use-useful, care-careful部分表示人的名詞后加 ly 變形容詞,具有贊美意味。 Friend-friendly, lo

12、vely某些名詞后加 less 表示沒有， careless, useless二、名詞用法作主語，English is useful.做定語，做賓語，做表語，Tom is my good friend.paper tigers, work placesShe learns Chinese hard every day.做賓語補(bǔ)足語， They chose the boy monitor.三、既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)名詞的意義不同Work 工作 -a work 著作， glass 玻璃 -a glass 玻璃杯， paper 紙 -a paper 報(bào)紙，文件，試卷Tea茶-a tea 種茶，wood木

13、頭-a wood 小樹林，room 空間-a room 空間 非復(fù)數(shù)： physics, maths, politics, news表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如： glasses （眼鏡） trousers, clothes 等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair （ 對(duì)，雙）;suit （套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers不可數(shù)）等。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：This factory produces steel.We need various steels.可數(shù)）我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：Ou

14、r country is famous for tea.Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來兩杯茶。The girl was washing greens.Our returns are not as good as before.Please hand in your papers at once.Mary lost her good looks when she was old.四、名詞動(dòng)詞化1. Don 't brother me.2. Don ' t sir me!3. The dog nosed the door open.4. He mouthed down a

15、 piece of cake.三、課堂練習(xí) ：填空：Japanese, Frenchman, American, EgyptianGerman, Australian, potato, tomatophoto, piano, kangaroo, bamboowoman driver, apple tree2. 把下列名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~wind 有風(fēng)的， rain 有雨的， dirt 臟的， health 健康的，help 有幫助的， joy 十分喜悅的， brother 兄弟般的hope 沒希望的， fear 無畏的單選：1. - Hi, Tom. Could you help me cut up

16、 the meat for dumplings?-Ok, Mom. But where is the_?A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks2. I was not at home when the_brought the package, so I' ll have to get it myself at the post office.A. bus driver B. mail carrier C. police officer D. shopkeeper3. Whynot go to the Great Wall this Saturda

17、y? I 'm afraid it 's not a good_. Many of us have been there.A. place B. day C. plan D. idea4. When we saw Liu Xiang's face, we knew_was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news5. A group of_will visit the museum tomorrow.A. Hungarian B. Autralian C. Japanese D. American6. I wonder

18、 why_are interested in action films.C. the people D. the peoples's meet at 7:30 outside the gate of.A. the People ' s Park B. the Peoples ' ParkC. the People Park D. People' s Park8. The farmer raised ten.A. sheeps C. horse D. cows9. They got muchfrom those new books.A. ideas B. phot

19、os C. in formati on10. - What would you like to drink, girls?-, please.A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cupof coffees11. Today is September 10th. I t' sDay. Let ' s go and buy some flowers for ourteacher.A. Teachers B. Teachers ' C. the teachers &#

20、39; D. Teacher ' s12. There are about 50_in our school.A. wome n doctors B. wome n teachers C. woma n teachers D. woma n workers13. My mother bought melast Saturday.trousers B. two pair of trousers C. two pairs of trousers D. two pairstrousers14. I want to have a _with you about the problem.Sure

21、.A. fun B. word C. play15. is n ice and clea n.A. The air today B. The today air C. The air of today D. The air閱讀與填空：twono isygrow rain be peaceWhat's the real meaning of the word "peace" ? The 1 story may tell us someth ing about it.There was once a king who offered an award to an art

22、ist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried.The king looked at all the therewere only twohe really liked and he had to choose betwee n them.One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace becauseof the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clou

23、ds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged （高低不平的 ）.Abovewas the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked

24、6 ,he found behind the waterfall a very small bush 7 in the midst在.中）of thewaterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest （鳥窩）in perfect peace.The ki ng gave the award to the artist who pain ted the 8 picture. Why?"Because," expla ined the king, "peace does not mean 9 in a place wher

25、e thereis no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace means in the midst of all those things, you're still calm in your heart. That's the real meaning of peace."閱讀：In 1620, about half the USAwas covered by forests . Today the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, l

26、eaving only sandChi na does n't want to copy the USA's example. We're pla nti ng more and moretrees . We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometresIong, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometreswide. It

27、 will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from movi ng towards the rich farmla nd in the south.More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. GreatGreen Walls will make the world better根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。1 In 1620, about the USA was cov

28、ered by forests A a thirdB half C two thirdsD a fourth2 A lot of good land has gone with A sandB water C windD forestslong 1,700 kilometers 400 kilometersthe USA every part of the world Tall buildings Flowers and grass3 The Great Green Wall in China isA 7,000 kilometersBC 7,000 metersD4 Trees must b

29、e grown in .A China BC some countriesD5 will make the world betterA The Great WallBC Great Green Walls D四、課后練習(xí)was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly l ive on his.A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wagesof the houses in the village were burnt to during the war

30、.ashB. the ashC. ash D. ashesstudents at colleges or universities are making for the coming New Yea r.A. many preparations B. much preparation C. preparations D. preparat ionin is one of their spare-time activities.A. oil B. an oil C. oils D. the oilthe view of the foreign experts, there wasn' t

31、 oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. manylarge houses are being painted, but .great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high expenseroom was small and contained far too .new furniture C. much new furnituresnew furniture D. many new furnitureswas late for two cla

32、sses this morning. He said that he forgot both of the A. rooms number B. room number C . room ' s numbersD. room numberscan do work in a short time, but a man can not do by himself.A great many manyC much a great dealdeal of much D. manya great manydidn 't know he had been given.A. how many information C. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much informationinvited all of his to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-armthe in the