初中英語主謂一致的用法及專項練習題帶答案

1、初中英語主謂一致的用法及專項練習題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。 They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family i

2、s having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 My family has moved three times.我們家搬過3次。 3. 就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 二、主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)

3、形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學生正在操場上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 More than one student has

4、ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 20英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很長的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。但是，如果時間，距離，價格，度量衡的服飾名詞與pass,go by ,waste,use,sp

5、end等詞連用時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如：Five years has passed since I joined the Party.我入黨5年了。5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough.

6、一個半小時足夠了。 7. 一個動詞不定式，動名詞，主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。 兩個動詞不定式，動名詞，主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What he says and what he does do not agree.他言行不一。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his great pleasure.夏游泳，冬滑雪是他最大的樂趣。 8. a/

7、an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個學生考試不及格。 比較： one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個學生在種樹。 9. 當主語部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as,including,besides, except, but, in addition to，l

8、ike,rather than等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常由句首主語來決定，在這樣的句子里，這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們在句子中其實是狀語。 Mike with his parents has been to England. 邁克同他的父母去過英格蘭。 Mikes parents with Mike has been to England. 邁克父母同邁克去過英格蘭。 10. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是（1）如果and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這時，名詞雖由and連接，但只有一個限定詞：a/

9、the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物，兩個限定詞：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) （2） 兩個單數(shù)名詞用and連接表示不可分割的整體做主語時，位于用單數(shù)，如： Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黃油是他們的日常食物。這類詞常見有： war and peace iron

10、 and steel truth and honesty a knife and fork （3）在each.and each,every .and every,no .and no,many a .and many a等and 鏈接并列單數(shù)主語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Every man and every woman has work.每個男人和女人都有工作。 No sound and no voiceis heard for a long while.很長時間沒有聽到一點兒聲音。 11. people, police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family, class, g

11、roup, team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 I

12、s everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 Neither answer is correct. 兩個答案都不正確。 14. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等， No n

13、ews is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。 15. 由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, eitheror，neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。 Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. Not only you but also he

14、 is ready to leave. 如果either, each, neither作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of等+名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a n

15、umber of, a group of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 而the number of/the variety of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is over eight hundred17. 以here，there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some b

16、ooks and paper for you. 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 19. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式 One and a half bananas is left on table.桌子上還有一根半香蕉。20. what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，當它表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時，位于動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 What he wanted are some boo

17、ks.他想要的只是幾本書。21. 兩個形容詞共同修飾一個單數(shù)名詞，若兩個形容詞都帶有冠詞，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若只有一個冠詞是，表示一個人或物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The red and the white coat are mine. The black and white cow is mine.22. 由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體：shoes，glasses，trousers，gloves，scissors 等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 His black trousers are too long.他的那條黑色褲子太長了。但是，若這類名詞與a pair連用時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。 There

18、 is a pair of glasses on your bed.你的床上有衣服眼鏡。23. a kind of ，this kind of ,many kinds of+名詞 和名詞+of this kind 以及由kind意思相似的type,sort等構(gòu)成的的類似的短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of 前面的名詞保持一致，如： A new type of machine is on sale now. Machines of this new type are made in Zhejiang.This kind of apples is highly priced.注意：如果種類不是一種而是多

19、種，謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。There are many kinds of pearsin shops.24. 主語由肯定及否定兩部分構(gòu)成時，謂語和肯定部分一致。 Not you but I am to answer for it.三、肯定與否定一致 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應(yīng)的變化。 Weve had some (money). We havent had any (money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never,

20、 seldom) visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us is going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them. 注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。 My wife likes classic music very much and so do I. She doesn

21、t like jazz and neither do I.主謂一致專項練習題1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minute

22、s. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favorite sub

23、ject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of

24、us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be

25、 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C.

26、 is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. h

27、ave B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, _. A. neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homework yet. _. A. so has he B. Neithe

28、r he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ _.” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he _ to blame(責備) for the accident (交通事故). A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself _able to teach my daughter to sing E

29、nglish songs. A. has been B. is C. are D. am主謂一致練習題參考答案(1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5). B (6). A (7). B (8). C(9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14) D . (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24). A (25). D主謂一致練習題2. 從所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。 ( )1. Collecting stamps _ my hobby. A.

30、isB. areC. has D. have( )2. The lady with her little son _ walking along the lake now. A. isB. areC. wasD. were( )3. Both of the twin girls _ wearing red clothes today.A. isB. areC. wantD. wants( )4. Each of the students _ a Walkman. A. haveB. hasC. there is D. there are( )5. All of my money _ stole

31、n last night. A. isB. wasC. hasD. have( )6. The police _ for the robbers now. A. is searchingB. are searching C. is searchedD. are searched( )7. Half of the students _ from abroad. A. isB. areC. comes D. has come( )8. Two kilometers _ a long way. Youd better take a taxi. A. isB. areC. wasD. were( )9

32、. Most of the country _ grassland. A. there areB. there isC. areD. is ( )10. What I have told you _ a secret. Please dont tell others. A. areB. isC. keepD. keeps( )11. Not only you but also he _ the exam.A. was passed B. has passed C. had passedD. is passed ( )12. This pair of glasses _ me well. A.

33、fitB. fits C. have fittedD. is fitted ( )13. Physics _ a course that every student must take. A. haveB. hasC. isD. are( )14. Who _ the two women talking over there? A. isB. areC. wasD. be( )15. Every boy and every girl _ in new clothes today. A. isB. areC. wearD. dresses( )16. Chinese _ by the large

34、st number of people. A. is speakingB. speak C. speaksD. is spoken( )17. A letter sent between computers _ called an e-mail. A. areB. isC. haveD. has( )18. The population of this town _ 300, 000. A. areB. isC. haveD. has ( )19. What _ the number of the workers in the factory? Two thousand. And a larg

35、e number of them _ women. A. is; isB. is; are C. are; isD. are; are( )20. _ this pair of shoes yours? No. My shoes _ under the bed. A. Is; isB. Are; are C. Is; areD. Are; is( )21. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. takes good care of( )2

36、2. The Greens _ getting ready for their journey. A. isB. prepare C. preparesD. are( )23. The musician and writer _ to visit our school. A. is comingB. are coming C. enjoysD. enjoy( )24. None of the money _ his. A. belong toB. areC. is D. has( )25. Do you like watching cooking programmes on TV?No, I

37、dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking. A. doesB. doC. isD. are( )26. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. areB. isC. wereD. was( )27. Weve got two TV sets, but _ works well. A. anyB. bothC. eitherD. neither( )28. The headmaster as well as all the teachers _

38、. A. are having a meeting B. have gone to the museum C. is planting trees on the hill D. feel very excited about the prize( )29. Two fifths of them _ Young Pioneers. A. isB. areC. join to D. joins( )30. The music they played _ very wonderful. A. isB. soundC. areD. listens( )31. _ you _ he is able to

39、 ski, but I am. A. Both; andB. Not only; but also C. Either; orD. Neither; nor ( )32. His family _ all very kind and friendly. His family _ a happy one. A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are ( )33. Do you need more time to finish the work? Yes, another ten days _ enough. A. areB. isC. wereD. was

40、( )34. How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. haveB. hasC. isD. are ( )35. This pair of jeans _ Tinas. A. areB. isC. beD. am ( )36. How many classes do you usually have a day? Six classes a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes. A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. are ( )37. Neither Li Ming nor I _ a basketball p

41、layer. A. amB. is C. belong toD. belongs to( )38. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy. A. isB. arentC. isntD. are ( )39. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. knowB. knows C. dont knowD. have known( )40. Whats on the plate? There _ some eggs and cakes on it. A. isB. areC. wasD. were( )41. All but one _ here just now. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were( )42. Neither the teacher nor the students _ in the classroom at that moment. A. wereB. wasC. werentD. wasnt( )43. There _ enough food in the fridge. You have to