人教版初中英語七年級下冊Unit12語法指導(dǎo)與練習(xí)(共11頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版初中英語七年級下冊Unit12語法指導(dǎo)與練習(xí)Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?Unit 12語法指導(dǎo)與練習(xí)語法指導(dǎo)一般過去時態(tài)（）【教材原句】1. What did you do last weekend? I did my homework./We went boating.2. Where did she go last weekend?She went to a farm.3.Who did she go with?She went with her classmates.4.Who visited her gran

2、dma?Betty did.以上4句均為 和 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，且句子的時態(tài)為 時態(tài)。（what；where；who；一般過去）【語法透析】一、一般過去時的各種句型一般過去時，分兩種情況：一是be動詞的一般過去時；二是行為動詞的一般過去時。一般過去時：有be（was/were）無行為動詞，有行為動詞無be（was/were）。It was a beautiful day.是個美好的日子。Grandma cooked fish.奶奶煎魚了。1.一變：肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň洹炯记?】當句中含有情態(tài)動詞could，would，should等時，可直接在他們后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。I could get y

3、ou a concert ticket.我能給你一張音樂會的票。I could not/couldnt get you a concert ticket.我不能給你一張音樂會的票?！炯记?】當句中含有連系動詞was/were時，可直接在它們后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。I was on the Internet when you called me.你給我打電話時我正在上網(wǎng)I was not/wasnt on the Internet when you called me.你給我打電話時我們在上網(wǎng)?！炯记?】當句中謂語是除情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、連系動詞（was/were）以外的動詞時，在該動詞之前加di

4、d not(didnt)，動詞還原為原形，構(gòu)成否定句。The famous singer sang some Chinese songs.這位著名的歌手唱了幾首中文歌曲。The famous singer didnt sing any Chinese songs.這位具名的歌手沒有唱中文歌曲。2.二變：陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹炯记?】移動詞語的位置。將was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。He could pack his things himself.他能自己把東西打包。Could he pack his things himself?【技巧2】添加助動詞did。謂

5、語是除情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、連系動詞（was/were）以外的動詞時，在主語之前加did，動詞還原。Mr. Li looked very old.李先生看起來很老。Did Mr.Li look very old?李先生看起來很老嗎？3.三變：陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧洹炯记?】確定疑問詞：人who/whom，物what，地點where，時間when/what time，原因why，頻率how often，長度how long，距離how far等。They gave the concert last night.他們昨晚舉辦了音樂會。When did they give the concert?他們何時

6、舉辦了音樂會？【技巧2】辨認結(jié)構(gòu)形式：疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/was/were+主語+其他？The accident happened near the station.那起事故是在車站附近發(fā)生的。Where did the accident happen?那是事故是在哪里發(fā)生的？二、一般過去時的判斷1.當句中用到表示過去的時間狀語，用過去時。這樣的狀語有： a.yesterday，如：yesterday morning，at five oclock yesterday. b.last，如：last week,last monthe,last year,last Sunday afterno

7、on. c.ago，用“一段時間+ago”表示“（多久）以前”，如：ten years ago,5 minutes ago,three weeks ago. d.表示過去的時間短語，如：in the 90s,on May 1st1892,in the old days(過去的日子里)，just now,the other day(前幾天)，once upon a time(很久以前)，before liberation(解放前)，When I was8 years old（當我八歲時），at+一個時間點.2.根據(jù)句意確知某一動作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時，如：Edison invented ma

8、ny useful things.愛迪生范明了許多有用的東西。3.有時間、讓步或結(jié)果狀語從句的，一般主句用一般過去時，從句也用過去時，如：The man drank some water after he got up in the morning.4.一般過去時表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often，always，once a week等表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如：Mrs.Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘?！驹囶}鏈接】Tony football every weekend when he was young.A.plays B

9、.played C.is playing D.has played（時間狀語every weekend when he was young.指的是過去，故句子用一般過去時態(tài)。答案：B）5.有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語，但實際上時指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用一般過去時。如：I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎（因為在說話時，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話者之前，所以只能用過去時態(tài)表示。實際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.）【試題鏈接】What the noise,Bill?Sorry

10、,I broke my glass. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be(由下文中的broke可知，句子是一般過去時，由句意“比爾，是什么噪音？對不起，我打壞了玻璃?！? EXERCISES:一、選擇填空。（ ）1.What Peter do last weekend?.A.do B.does C.did D.was（ ）2. you TV last night?A.Do;watch B.Did;watch C.Did;watched D.Does;watch（ ）3.When did you there?A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived D

11、.arrive in（ ）4.Who went to the beach?Lisa .A.do B.does C.did D.was （ ）5.Tom usually up at 5:30 in the morning,but this morning he up at 6:00.A.gets;gets B.got;got C.gets;got D.get;got二、根據(jù)句意，用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.Jim and Lily (come)to China last month.2.Ted (not go)to bed until 12 oclock last night.So he (ge

12、t)up late this morning.3.There (be)no one here a moment ago.4.I listened but (hear)nothing.5.The students in our school (spend) lots of time (go) over their lessons last week because of the test.6.My mother (not do)housework yesterday because of illness.7. your father (go)to work every day last year

13、?8.What Mary (do)on Sunday morning? She (watch)TV and (read)an interesting book.9. （be）your mother a shop assistant last year?No,she (not be).10.I (have)an exciting party last weekend.11.We_(live)inJapanlastyear.12.Jack_(stop)thecarlastSunday.13.Tom_(clean)myroomand_(study)fortheChinesetestlastweeke

14、nd.14.What_you_(do)lastnight?15.OnSundaymorningI_(play)tennis.16.What_(do)yourfatherdolastMonday?17.Tom(study)Englishlastnight.18.They(go)totheparklastSaturdayafternoon.19.We(have)aclassmeetinglastTuesdayafternoon.20.He(watch)TVovertheweekend.21.Lily_ (swim)lastSunday.22.Theboys_ (visit)hisunclelast

15、Friday三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，按要求改寫句子。1.I went to the beach with my parents last Sunday.（對畫線部分提問） 2.There were about nine hundred people in the meeting hall.(對畫線部分提問) 3.Her last weekend was very good. (對畫線部分提問) 4.Her brother was in the park just now. (對畫線部分提問) 5.She had some bread for lunch today. (對畫線部分提問) 語法指導(dǎo)感 嘆

16、句感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)感嘆句是表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句句末通常用感嘆號，讀時一般用降調(diào)。常翻譯成“多（么）啊！” 一、 由What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 由What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為:1.What + a / an +adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語+其他成分！如：What a beautiful girl she is!多漂亮的女孩啊! What a clever boy he is! (他是個)多么聰明的男孩?。hat a lovely day it is!多好的天氣啊!What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊! 2.What +adj.+可數(shù)

17、名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分！如：What interesting books they are!多有趣的書啊! What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花??！What bad weather it is!多壞的天氣啊! What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣?。?.What+a/an+名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分！ What+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分！這類句子省略了形容詞：（1）當其中的名詞帶有形容詞的意味時.如：What luck! 真幸運! What fools! 真是些笨蛋! What

18、 a surprise! 真是意想不到!（2）當進行批評時.如： What nonsense! 一派胡言! What a shame! 多可恥(惜)! What a mess! 多么臟亂啊!（八冊課本P16 Part1）(3) 當表示強調(diào)或夸張時. 如：Oh, what a lie! 啊，多大的謊言! What a night! 多糟糕的一個晚上！（4）當表示蔑視時.如：What a man he is! 那家伙算什么! （5）沒有上下文，意思可能不確定時。如：What a day! 看這天氣! (是褒是貶，視具體情況而定)注意：在口語中,what引導(dǎo)的這類感嘆句有時常省略主語和謂語,如： W

19、hat a big fish!多大的一條魚啊 ！What a pretty girl!多秀麗的女孩啊! What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鳥啊! 二、由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。 由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:1.How + adj./adv.+ 主語+謂語+其他成分！如：How big the dining room is!餐廳真大啊! How lovely the girls are!這些女孩真可愛! How beautiful those flowers are!這些花真美啊! How well she dances!她跳得真好呀! How hard he studi

20、es!他學(xué)習(xí)多么努力啊! How carefully Li Yan listens!李艷聽得多么認真啊!How big the listening room is!語音室真大呀! How beautiful the park is!公園多么美麗啊! How well she sings!她唱得太好了!How clever the boy is! 這個男孩多么聰明??！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快??！ 2.How + adj.+ a / an +名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分?。ㄟ@和what的第1個用法，是相同意義的句子，只是表達法不同而已）如：How beautiful a g

21、irl she is!多漂亮的女孩啊!How lovely a day it is!多好的天氣啊!How interesting a story it is !多有趣的故事啊!3.如果句子是純粹的“主語謂語賓語(或其他成分)”結(jié)構(gòu)， 那么，變感嘆句時，可在句首直接加How。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生??！ How she dances! 她跳得多好??！How I wish I was a bird!我多么希望我是一只鳥??！注意：在口語中,how引導(dǎo)的這類感嘆句有時常省略主語和謂語,只保留感嘆部分。如: How clean! 真干凈! How f

22、ast!多么快啊! 三、其他形式的感嘆句感嘆句除用what和how引出外，還可有其他許多形式，如可用陳述句、疑問句、祈使句等，有時甚至一個單詞或一個短語也可用作感嘆句：Stop talking！ 不要講話了！ Isnt it a lovely day！ 天氣真好！ The garden looks so lovely today！ 這花園今天真美！ Fire！ 失火了！ Very good！ 很好! There was no face showing! Hes such a nice boy! The Great Wall is a magnificent building! Isnt it

23、snowing heavily! Wonderful! Nonsense! Happy New Year to you! Cheer! 注意：陳述句用作感嘆句時，句中通常有so， such， really等加強語氣的詞語；疑問句用作感嘆句，句子多為否定疑問句形式。感嘆句巧解五法（1）一找二斷三辨四確定： 構(gòu)成感嘆句的感嘆詞有兩個：what和how，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1）What名詞性詞組（a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）陳述肯定式（主語+謂語+其他成分）！ 2）How形容詞（或副詞）陳述肯定式（主語+謂語+其他成分！ 很多初學(xué)者常常對該用what還是該用how弄

24、不清楚。如： _cold water this is！ AHow BWhat _cold it is！ AWhat BHow 如果我們采取“一找二斷三辨四確定”的方法很快就能確定該選哪個感嘆詞?！耙徽摇奔聪日页鼍渲械闹髡Z和謂語?！岸唷本褪菍⒅髡Z和主語之前的詞之間斷開。例如上面第一句應(yīng)在water與this之間斷開?！叭妗?，斷開后辨別斷線前面的詞的詞性，注意是單純的形容詞還是副詞，或者是由“a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”構(gòu)成的名詞性詞組，還是由“形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或“形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成的名詞性詞組。如句中斷線前的詞是cold water，是“形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成的名詞性詞組。

25、（注意：如果感嘆句省略了主語和謂語，那么句中就只有單純的形容詞還是副詞，或者是由“a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”構(gòu)成的名詞性詞組，還是由“形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或“形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成的名詞性詞組，這樣也方便辨別。）“四確定”，根據(jù)What和How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，就可迅速確定是用What還是How來引導(dǎo)感嘆句。所以第一例句就選B。用這個方法可以立即對上面第二個例句作出如下判斷：_coldit is！斷開線其前只有一個單純的形容詞cold，故應(yīng)填How。 上面兩個例句是最基本最簡單的填空題形式。但只要掌握這個方法，即使再復(fù)雜的填空題也會迎刃而解。不過還要注意，如果斷開后，斷線前的那

26、個中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，千萬別忘了在感嘆詞與名詞間加冠詞a（an）。例如： _nice present it is！ AHow BWhat CHow DWhat a用上述方法，從present與it之間斷開，斷線前nice present是名詞性詞組，且present為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，nice又以輔音開頭，故選D。 （2）“斷找去添改”五步法：若把一個陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句，可以采取這“五步法”。如： The picture is very beautiful 斷：在陳述句中的謂語動詞后將句子斷開：The picture isvery beautiful 找：劃出斷線后的中心詞是何詞類。 去：中心詞是

27、形容詞或副詞時，要把修飾該形容詞或副詞的詞去掉。（比如本句中心詞beautiful是形容詞，修飾該詞的是very，變時應(yīng)去掉very。但須注意，線后如果是名詞，名詞前的修飾語是萬萬不能去掉的。 添：就是添上感嘆詞。如果線后的中心詞是名詞，就添What；是形容詞或副詞就添How。 改：將陳述句句前的大寫改為小寫，將變?yōu)楦袊@句的感嘆詞及其修飾的名詞部分放在句首，感嘆詞首寫字母改為大寫。同時句尾的標點由陳述句的句號改為感嘆句的感嘆號。 據(jù)此，上句就變成了：How beautiful the picture is！ 再如：要把“He is a good student”變成感嘆句，可如上法炮制：He

28、isa good student中心詞是名詞student，a good為修飾student的修飾語，不能去掉，故變成感嘆句應(yīng)選感嘆詞what，變成：What a good student he is！ （3）一斷二加三換位： 例：1）This is a beautiful flower 2）This flower is beautiful “一斷”：在謂語動詞后將此句劃斷。 1）This isa beautiful flower 2）This flower isbeautiful “二加”：在第二部分前加引起感嘆句的“What或How”；中心詞為名詞時加“What”；是形容詞、副詞加“How

29、”。 1）What a beautiful flower 2）How beautiful “三換位”：將第一部分與第二部分對換位置。 1）What a beautiful flower this is！ 2）How beautiful this flower is！ （4）句型記憶法：因how和what的詞性及其在句中的功能不同，由它們引起的感嘆句句型可歸納為7種。如果記住這7種句子，做任何感嘆句題都易如反掌。 1）How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分！ 2）How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分！ 3）What +名詞+其他成分！ 4）What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分！ 5）What +

30、形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分！ 6）What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分！7）其他形式的感嘆句例：從題前A、B、C、D所表示的詞或短語中選擇正確答案，完成下列各句： A=What B=What a C=What an D=How_pleasant surprise you gave me！ _good news we have got！ _good a TV set weye bought！ _unpleasant experience you had last year！ 對了，答案依次為BADC。 （5）歌訣記憶法：感嘆句中what和how的選用，關(guān)鍵看形容詞后面是否有名詞。如果有，用

31、what（a，an）；如果沒有，用how（至于副詞，其前永遠用how）。 記住下面歌訣更方便。 what，how如何選？ 先在后面把名詞找， 若有名詞用what， 若無名詞必用how。 what，how提句首， 其它緊跟別忘了。 主謂一起挪最后, 常?？梢员皇〉??！净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】 一、將下列句子變成感嘆句 1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today! 3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is t

32、oday! 4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely. _

33、 _ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live! 二、選擇合適選項 1. _ a nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a 3. _ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How 4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A.

34、 How a B. How C. What a D. What 5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine 7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 8. _ expensive trousers! A. What B. What a C. How D. Wh

35、at an 9. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 10. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine 11. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way

36、is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 13. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 14. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an 15. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B.

37、What C. What a D. What an 三、用What或How填空： 1. a big tree it is! 2. big the tree is! 3. beautiful pictures! 4. beautiful the pictures are! 5. high the building is! 6. big eyes she has! 7. lovely the ice-cream is! 8. lovely ice-cream! 答案：1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. What【中等題】 一

38、、選擇題 1. _ a nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a 3. _ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A. How a B. How C. What a D. What 5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. Wh

39、at C. What a D. What an 6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine 7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What8. _ expensive trousers! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an 9. Please _, theyre having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. B

40、e quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking 10. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 11. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 12. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a f

41、ine D. What fine 13. _ careless he is！ A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 14. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 15. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an 16. _ nice picture

42、 you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 二、填空題 l. _ hot the weather is! 2. _ hard he works! 3. _ nice tea it is! 4 ._ big horses they are! 5. _ a good boy he is!【檢測題】一 、用what或how填空 1. _ a pretty girl she is! 2. _ quickly the boy is running! 3. _ kind teachers they are! 4. _ clever the baby

43、is! 5. _ I miss my hometown (家鄉(xiāng))! 6. _ happy I am! 7. _ sad child he is! 8. _ hot water it is! 9. _ hard they study! 10. _ able (能干的) young man he is! 11. Look! _fast the boy is running! 12. _cold day it was yesterday! 13. _heavy the box is! I cant carry it. 14. _interesting story he told us! 15. _n

44、ice the moon cakes are! 16. _bad weather! 17. _clever children all of you are! 18. _important news that is! 19. _time flies! 20. _beautiful flowers you bought me! 二、 按要求對下列句子進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (改為感嘆句) _ _ he listened to his teacher! 2. What a clever monkey it is! (改為同義句)

45、 _ _ a monkey it is! 3. The food is very nice. (改為感嘆句) _ _ food it is! 4. How sadly they are crying! (改為陳述句) They _ _ _. 5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (改為感嘆句) _ _ the Christmas tree is! 三、選擇填空 1._a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. Whats 2._she dances! A How good B. How well C. What well 3.

46、_quiet the park is! A What a B. How C. How a 4._his father works! A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful 5._noisy they are making! A. What B. How C. How a 6._delicious soup! A. How B. What C. What a 7._heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How 8._old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How 9._exciting moment it is! A