引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who

1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which有時(shí)可與that互換使用。但在下面情況，一般只用that。一、當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等時(shí)。如： a.There isn't much that I can do. b.He is one of the few that can work it out infive minu tes.二、 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：a.The book is the best that Ihave read

2、. b.This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our uni versity.三、 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或其被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：a. It is the third one that rve bought.b.This is the first place that I've ever visited.四、 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only 等詞修飾時(shí)。如：a.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? b.This is the

3、 only book that I n eed at prese nt.五、當(dāng)先行詞包含了人和事物兩方面的含義時(shí)。女口： They talked of things and persons thatthey remembered in the school.六、 當(dāng)先行詞被 same修飾，且指 同一物品"時(shí)。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.七、 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：a.This is no longer the place that it used to be.b.He is not the

4、 man that he was.八、當(dāng)主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時(shí)。女口： a.Whichis the book that he bought yesterday? b.Who that you have ever see n canbeat him in定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名次性成分，定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。一、限定性定語(yǔ)從句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)則不能省略。而且，如果w

5、hich在從句中作 不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在 關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置2. which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟3. 代表物時(shí)多用 which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括 all, anything, much 等，這時(shí)的that常被省略4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)5. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句6. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

6、表示時(shí)間（注值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“ time一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)）By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to bes in ess trip, he brings a lot of livi ng n ecessities, such as towers,soap, toothbrush etc.7. whos

7、e是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格8 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything,everything 或 nothing 時(shí)，常用 there is來弓丨導(dǎo)二、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通 常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來說明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分2. 在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which, at which, for which 或at

8、 whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變，這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反We arrived the day that(o n which) they lef

9、t.剛好我們到的那天他們走了。3有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞4在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用 that，而用who, whom代表人，用 which代表事物.一. 定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1. 定語(yǔ)從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 關(guān)系畐U詞有 where, when, why 等)關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who指人

10、，在從句中做主語(yǔ)The boys who are play ing football are from Class One.2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷訫r. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus (注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語(yǔ)和非正 式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略)3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which。在

11、賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或 者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略The nu mber of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one milli on.5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.三. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使

12、用，如：look for, look after, take care of等1) This is the watch which/that I am look ing for.(T)2) This is the watch for which I am look ing.(F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom ,不可用who或者that ;指物時(shí)用which ,不能用that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whoseThe man with whom you talked is my frie nd.(T)The man who/that you talked with is

13、my frie nd.(F)3. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞"前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd to him.四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)The time when we got together fin ally came2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Shan ghai is the city where I was born3

14、. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane (意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan ted whe n he grew up限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例The teacher told me th

15、at Tom was the only pers on that I could depe nd on.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1. 定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容， 是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系1) The pla ne that has just take n off is for London.定語(yǔ)從句2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位于從句2. 定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般