引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who

1、引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which有時可與that互換使用。但在下面情況，一般只用that。一、當先行詞為不定代詞 anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等時。如： a.There isn't much that I can do. b.He is one of the few that can work it out infive minu tes.二、 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：a.The book is the best that Ihave read

2、. b.This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our uni versity.三、 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或其被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：a. It is the third one that rve bought.b.This is the first place that I've ever visited.四、 當先行詞被 the very, the only 等詞修飾時。如：a.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? b.This is the

3、 only book that I n eed at prese nt.五、當先行詞包含了人和事物兩方面的含義時。女口： They talked of things and persons thatthey remembered in the school.六、 當先行詞被 same修飾，且指 同一物品"時。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.七、 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如：a.This is no longer the place that it used to be.b.He is not the

4、 man that he was.八、當主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時。女口： a.Whichis the book that he bought yesterday? b.Who that you have ever see n canbeat him in定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名次性成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。一、限定性定語從句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果w

5、hich在從句中作 不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在 關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置2. which作賓語時，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟3. 代表物時多用 which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括 all, anything, much 等，這時的that常被省略4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語5. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句6. when引導定語從句

6、表示時間（注值得一提的是，表示時間“ time一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當然也不用that引導）By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to bes in ess trip, he brings a lot of livi ng n ecessities, such as towers,soap, toothbrush etc.7. whos

7、e是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格8 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything,everything 或 nothing 時，常用 there is來弓丨導二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通 常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分2. 在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which 或at

8、 whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人們對白日做夢的態(tài)度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反We arrived the day that(o n which) they lef

9、t.剛好我們到的那天他們走了。3有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞4在非限定性定語從句中，不能用 that，而用who, whom代表人，用 which代表事物.一. 定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1. 定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 關(guān)系畐U詞有 where, when, why 等)關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1,引導定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二. 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1. who指人

10、，在從句中做主語The boys who are play ing football are from Class One.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷訫r. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus (注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語和非正 式語體中常用who代替，可省略)3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys4. that指人時，相當于 who或者whom ;指物時，相當于 which。在

11、賓語從句中做主語或 者賓語，做賓語時可省略The nu mber of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one milli on.5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語He has a friend whose father is a doctor.三. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使

12、用，如：look for, look after, take care of等1) This is the watch which/that I am look ing for.(T)2) This is the watch for which I am look ing.(F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用 whom ,不可用who或者that ;指物時用which ,不能用that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whoseThe man with whom you talked is my frie nd.(T)The man who/that you talked with is

13、my frie nd.(F)3. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞"前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd to him.四關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語The time when we got together fin ally came2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語Shan ghai is the city where I was born3

14、. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane (意：關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的從句替換)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan ted whe n he grew up限制性定語從句舉例The teacher told me th

15、at Tom was the only pers on that I could depe nd on.非限制性定語從句舉例：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1. 定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容， 是補充說明的關(guān)系1) The pla ne that has just take n off is for London.定語從句2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位于從句2. 定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導，關(guān)系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般