If引導(dǎo)的兩種從句賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句

1、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1. 含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中主從句的時(shí)態(tài)。2. If引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。 考情分析通常在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空或補(bǔ)全、完成句子等題型中考查，分值約34分。知能提升（一）知識(shí)講解【認(rèn)知講解】I. if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思為：是否，從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常要和主句保持一致?！纠洹縄 want to know if he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那兒。He asked me if I could help him.他問(wèn)我是否能幫他?！究疾辄c(diǎn)】if、whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1. if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作“是否”講

2、，常放在動(dòng)詞ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情況下，兩者?？蓳Q用，在口語(yǔ)中多用if。【例句】 Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 沒(méi)有人知道明天是否下雨。 Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 露西問(wèn)他們是否有棉制的毛衣。2. if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意三個(gè)方面，即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。if或whether既不能和that 或其他連詞（副詞）同時(shí)使用，也不能省略?！纠洹课也恢浪裉焓欠駮?huì)來(lái)。誤 I dont know tha

3、t if(whether) he will come here today.正 I dont know if(whether) he will come here today.他走過(guò)來(lái)看看貓是否出了毛病。誤 He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .正 He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，雖具有疑問(wèn)的意義，但其從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序?！纠洹?Did you kn

4、ow the way to the hospital? The old woman asked me.The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital.老婦人問(wèn)我是否知道去醫(yī)院的路。 if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。即主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任一種時(shí)態(tài)；主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去時(shí)中的任一種時(shí)態(tài)?！纠洹?I dont know if (whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否來(lái)過(guò)這兒。Tom asked if (whether) I had read

5、the book. 湯姆問(wèn)我是否看過(guò)這本書。3. 只能用whether的情況在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether：【例句】I cant decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。在whether or not 的固定搭配中：【例句】 I want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道它是不是好消息。在介詞后，只能用whether：【例句】 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父親擔(dān)心他是否會(huì)失去工作。用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)：【例句】Could you

6、 tell me if you know the answer? 這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我你是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請(qǐng)告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether則可避免歧義。 【考題鏈接】I dont know _ they could pass the exam or not.A. why B. if C. that D. whether答案：D解題思路：本題考查if與whether的區(qū)別，在whetheror not的固定搭配中通常只用whether。II. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句1. 含義條件狀語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作條件狀語(yǔ)的句子。表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生

7、，條件狀語(yǔ)從句常由從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)?！纠洹縔ou will catch the bus if you get up early.如果你早起的話，就能趕上公共汽車。2. 類別主祈從現(xiàn)：主句是祈使句, 從句是由if引導(dǎo)的使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子?！纠洹?If you want to go, please tell me. 如果你想去，請(qǐng)告訴我。Print the photo if you like it. 如果你喜歡這照片就把它打印出來(lái)。主將從現(xiàn)：指if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)?！纠洹?If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the

8、Great Wall.如果明天不下雨，我們就會(huì)去長(zhǎng)城。 If you dont get up early, you will be late for school. 如果你不早點(diǎn)起床，你上學(xué)就會(huì)遲到。3. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法：（1）位置if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。當(dāng)從句置于主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開?！纠洹縔ou will catch the bus if you get up early.=If you get up early, you will catch the bus.如果你早起的話，就能趕上公共汽車。（2）時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)遵循主、從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則

9、。當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（包含祈使句和含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must等的句子），從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！纠洹縔ou must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必須去看醫(yī)生。If you want to go skating, wear warm clothes.如果你想去溜冰，穿上暖和的衣服。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。【例句】 You will be late for school if you get up late.如果你起晚了，你上學(xué)將遲到。If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the G

10、reat Wall.如果明天下雨，我們就不去長(zhǎng)城了。（3）在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，不能使用be going to結(jié)構(gòu)，而要用will?！纠洹縄ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空，我會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（4）在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不能使用some，而要用any?！纠洹縄f you have any questions to ask, please come to my office.如果你有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)的話，請(qǐng)到我辦公室來(lái)。（5）同義句轉(zhuǎn)換if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句，其方法如下

11、：* 借助“祈使句+and/ or+簡(jiǎn)單句”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中and表示句意順承，or表示句意轉(zhuǎn)折?！纠洹縄f you work hard, youll pass the exam.=Work hard, and youll pass the exam.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。If you dont hurry up, youll be late.= Hurry up, or youll be late.如果你不快點(diǎn)，你將會(huì)遲到。*借助介詞with 或without來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換?！纠洹縄f you help me, Ill finish my job soon.=With your help,

12、Ill finish my job soon.如果你幫我，我將很快完成我的工作。If there is no water, fish may die.= Fish may die without water.如果沒(méi)有水，魚可能會(huì)死。另外，if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件，即一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的一種假設(shè)?！纠洹縄f I were you，I would invite him to the party如果我是你，我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not

13、been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞，我會(huì)來(lái)得更早一些。4. 口訣：if 條件句不一般，幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間； 條件句，放在前，逗號(hào)要放句中間。 條件句表可能，主句多用將來(lái)時(shí)； 條件句表事實(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 III. If引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“是否”，可用whether替換?！纠洹?) We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天好，我們就出去。2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火車是否已經(jīng)到達(dá)。句1

14、)中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”。句2)中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dont know的賓語(yǔ)?！究碱}鏈接】 I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If答案：D解題思路：第一個(gè)空處為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，用if、whether都可以；第二個(gè)空為條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，需用if，綜合考慮，D項(xiàng)正確。（二）提分技巧1. 熟練掌握if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)。 2. 熟知if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)

15、從句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別。 （三）即學(xué)即練I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句) He asked the boys _they _fried chicken. 2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句) I dont know _the watch _made in Shanghai.3. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Toms

16、mother asked him _to try something new.答案：1. if / whether, wanted 2. if / whether, was 3. if / whether he wanted II. 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. If it _ (not rain)tomorrow, _(let) us go shopping.2. Please _ (tell)me if you _ (go).3. If you _ (be)ill, you _ (have)to see the doctor.4. I _ (leave)for Beijing if

17、it _(not snow) this afternoon.答案：1. doesnt rain, let 2. tell, go 3. are, have 4. will leave, doesnt snowIII. 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 如果明天不下雨，我就和同學(xué)們?nèi)ヒ安汀.2. 如果周日你去購(gòu)物的話，我就去。_.3. 如果你想減肥（lose weight），就鍛煉身體吧。_.4. 如果冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？_.5. 如果可能的話，我就去火車站接你。_.答案：1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will have a picnic with my cl

18、assmates.2. I will go shopping on Sunday if you do.3. Take some exercise if you want to lose weight.4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?5. If (it is) possible, Ill meet you at the train station.下學(xué)期期中復(fù)習(xí)（一）一、預(yù)習(xí)新知Module 1-Module 5重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)二、預(yù)習(xí)點(diǎn)撥思考問(wèn)題一：能否先把這5個(gè)模塊的重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法整理一下？思考問(wèn)題二：我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了哪些語(yǔ)法？哪些還

19、是你比較薄弱的？（答題時(shí)間：45分鐘）一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. If you _(feel) tired, you _ (have) to have a rest.2. Where _ he _(see) the film if he _(have) time?3. If there _(be) fewer trees, there _(be) more pollution.4. He _(dress) more casually if he _(not work) on weekends.5. If Marcia _(live) alone, she _(keep) a pet

20、parrot.6. Lana _(buy) a new dress if the old one _(be) out of style.7. The twins _(fight) if they_(argue).8. I _(have) a bake sale if I _(need) money for education.9. Peter _(send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _(tour) Spain.10. If Mr Green _(say) I am hard- working, my parents _(feel) glad.11.I _(g

21、o) to the beach if it_ (not rain) this week.12. _they _(have) a match if the P.E. teacher _(be) busy?13. He _(write) a letter to his grandparents if he _(get) his report card this week.14. If she _(get) up late, she _ (not catch) the early bus.15. Peter _(major) in English if he _(pass) the exams in

22、 Peking University.二、完成句子（每空一詞）。1. 如果你要過(guò)馬路，不要亂跑。_ _ around if you cross the road.2. 明天如果下雨的話，我們將呆在家里。We _ _ at home if it _ tomorrow.3. 如果你能說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)的話，你就可以容易地與外國(guó)人交談。If you can _ English well, you _ _ _ foreigners easily.4. 如果你對(duì)別人好，人們也會(huì)對(duì)你好。If youre nice to people, they _ _ _ to you, too.5. 如果學(xué)生不對(duì)考試如此擔(dān)心的話

23、，他們會(huì)更開心的。If students dont worry about exams so much, they _ _ _.6. 他如果電視看太多了，他的父母會(huì)不高興。If he _ TV too much, his parents _ _ unhappy.7. 如果我們?yōu)樗M織生日聚會(huì)，大家都會(huì)來(lái)的。Everyone _ _ if we _ a birthday party _ him.8. 如果明天不下雨，我會(huì)和你一起去公園的。If it _ _ tomorrow, I _ go to the park _ you.9. 如果他有空，他會(huì)幫助你的。If he _ _, he _ _ y

24、ou.10. 如果Tom考試不及格，他就沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上高中了。Tom _have the _to go to the senior high school if he _ _ the exams.三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。1. Study hard, or you wont pass the exam.If you study hard, you _ _ the exam.2. Take a taxi, and youll catch the train._ you _ a taxi, youll catch the train.3. If you go to bed early, you wont fee

25、l tired in the morning._ _ _ early, _ you wont feel tired in the morning.4. If you dont work hard, your teacher will probably be angry._ _, _ your teacher will probably be angry.5. Breathe deeply for one minute, and youll feel relaxed._ you _ deeply for one minute, you _ _ relaxed.四、閱讀下面的廣告，然后用“if.,

26、 .will.”的句式回答問(wèn)題。Travel BrochureCheap Cheap Cheap. Beijing for the weekend. 3D/2N. Book Now.Five Star HotelSave 50%Four Star HotelSave 40%Three Star HotelSave 30%Book before December 31st. Breakfast Included.City Tour 50RMB. Visit the Great Wall 100 RMB.1. How much will you save if you stay at the Fo

27、ur Star Hotel?_2. How much will you save if you stay at the Three Star Hotel?_3. What will happen if you book after December 31st?_4. How much will you have to pay if you want to go on the City Tour?_5. How much will you have to pay if you want to visit the Great Wall?_五、單項(xiàng)選擇1. If you _ to the party

28、, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going2. It will be a long time _ Peter _ his work.A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes3. What will father _ us from Japan? A. take B. bring C. carry D. make4. Weifang is famous _ kites. A. for B. to

29、C. on D. with5. I _ her the answer if she _me.A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will askC. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks6. What are you going to do tomorrow? Well go to the library tomorrow if it _.A. isnt rain B. rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain7. Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?

30、Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you.A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit?A. go B. went C. going D. will go9. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat.A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too10. Ill give the book to him if he _

31、here next Sunday.A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came11. There _an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has12. Could you tell us where _？ A. will the next Olympic Games held B. the next Olympic Games will be held C. would the next Olympic Games be held D. the next Olympic Games would be held13. When my mother returned last night, I _a book. A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read14. What _ you _ when it began to rain? A. do, do B. were