動(dòng)詞不定式用法 經(jīng)典例句總結(jié)

1、定義（語(yǔ)態(tài)）動(dòng)詞和參與此動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者（或之一）時(shí)，稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng)）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Can

2、you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)）My work is to clean the room every day.（不定式作表語(yǔ)）在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have

3、nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)形式1) 現(xiàn)在式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。一般為：動(dòng)詞+ to do sthHe seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再見(jiàn)到你。2) 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I'm sorry to have given you so m

4、uch trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)進(jìn)行式：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He seems to be eating something.4)完成進(jìn)行式：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.一般在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后加to do也表將來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：When to leave for London ha

5、s not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ)）Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ)）I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ)）The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表語(yǔ)）以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：When we shall leavehow Icould learn經(jīng)常在這種

6、結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.騎自行車到那兒將花費(fèi)我們半個(gè)小時(shí)。To make up for lost time is not possible.要彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)光是不可能的。To lean out of the window is d

7、angerous.身子探出窗外很危險(xiǎn)。To save money now seems impossible.現(xiàn)在好像不可能存錢。(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名詞+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在馬路上亂丟廢物是違章的。It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the wo

8、rk?你花了多少時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作？It+be+形容詞+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我們難以在四分之一小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.你把老師說(shuō)的所有東西都記下來(lái)的行為是很愚蠢的。It seems(appears)+形容詞+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型中，常

9、用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It

10、+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后He thought it would be safer to go by train.他認(rèn)為乘火車比較安全。He will find it is hard to make friends.他會(huì)感覺(jué)到交朋友困難。不定式的完成式也可作句子的主語(yǔ)To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.兩次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤是不可原諒的。It is better to have loved and lost than never to

11、 have loved at all.愛(ài)過(guò)而后失去了愛(ài)，比從未愛(ài)過(guò)要好。(3)舉例（1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIt's so nice to hear your voice.聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。It's necessary fo

12、r you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。（2） It's very kind of him to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to gi

13、ve them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：（1） 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型（2） 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（3） 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is to的句型(對(duì))To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.作賓語(yǔ)1) 以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），

14、choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會(huì)），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提出），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺(jué)得好像），swea

15、r（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（預(yù)示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望）舉例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。2） 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,f

16、ind out,explain,tellPlease show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥here are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意：疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The question is how to put it into practice.問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

17、之后，即：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.I find it difficult to learn English well.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：advise，allow，believe，cause，challenge，compel，declare，encourage，forbid，force，find，hire，induce，instru

18、ct，invite，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，select，send，suppose，tell，train，urge例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！.We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想),feel

19、,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解), show,suppose,take(以為),understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。3) to be +形容詞常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThe book is

20、believed to be uninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書(shū)沒(méi)什么意思。4)there be+不定式常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary to

21、ok him as her father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。5)禿頭不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)禿頭不定式， 即不帶“to”的不定式，其語(yǔ)法功能一般在句子中作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。用禿頭不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞如下：口訣：“五看、三使役“，“兩聽(tīng)、一感”要記住，若是“賓補(bǔ)”變“主補(bǔ)”，主補(bǔ)“to”字不能無(wú)。動(dòng)詞let屬例外，其賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)“to”均無(wú)。說(shuō)明：五看-see/watch/notice/observe/look at；三使役-have/make/let；兩聽(tīng)-hear/listen to；一感-feel。例句：I often see him go to school on foot.(

22、禿頭不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) He is often seen to go to school on foot.(不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要帶“to”) Let him try again.- He is let try again.(let的主補(bǔ)與賓補(bǔ)均用禿頭不定式)Find 特殊用法Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn E

23、nglish is important.作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,sugge

24、stion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。Our work is serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is our work,而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。作狀語(yǔ)（1）目的狀語(yǔ)To only to (僅僅為了

25、),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3)表原因I'm glad to see you.典型例題The chair loo

26、ks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于“形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to

27、say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例）。(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例to arr

28、ive=that will arrive。相關(guān)省略（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞( 除ought 外，ought to意思是“應(yīng)該”，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，后邊接動(dòng)詞不定式，to不能省略。ought to沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)或過(guò)去將來(lái)，由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文決定。例如：They ought to come tomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來(lái))：（2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make：（3）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。

29、在使役動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(get sb. to do sth.)I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.（4） 表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首時(shí)。Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.（5） Why /

30、 why not：（6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to,help sb (to) do sth：（7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。（8） 由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：（9） 通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。（10）but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí)，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶to。He wants to

31、do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.（11）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.（12）不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要帶to，但若主語(yǔ)部分

32、中含有do的各種形式時(shí)，符號(hào)to可省去。We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.否定式Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。特殊句型so as to（1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。

33、Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。（2)so kind as to 勞駕Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。2、 "Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議"為什么不?" "干嗎不?"例如：Why not take a holiday？干嗎不去度假？3、It's for sb.和 It's of sb.（1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如

34、easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。（2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It's very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如

35、：You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)4、不定式的特殊句型tooto（1）tooto太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動(dòng)了，說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。Can I help you 需要我?guī)兔醀ell,I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,but thank you all the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。（2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意

36、 為“不太”。It's never too late to mend.(諺語(yǔ))改過(guò)不嫌晚。（3)當(dāng)too 前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。相互區(qū)別不定式與介詞"to"區(qū)別to 有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞+名詞動(dòng)名詞，to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be a

37、ccustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅(jiān)持， turn to開(kāi)始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無(wú)do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如：The enemy solders had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon

38、I had nothing to do but watch TV.區(qū)別聯(lián)系1 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同3在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths pro

39、blem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：I soon began to understand what was happening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子

40、語(yǔ)境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Don't forget to post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to

41、attend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.語(yǔ)義不同目錄1stop to do（停現(xiàn)在做的去做另一件事）stop doing（停止正在做某事）2 forget to do（忘記去做某事）forget doing（忘記做了某事）3remember to do（記得要去做某事）remember doing（記得做過(guò)某事）4 regret to do（遺憾做某事）regret doing（遺憾做了某事）5cease to docease doing6 try to do（努力做某事）try doing（試著做某

42、事）7go on to do（繼續(xù)去做某事）go on doing（繼續(xù)做某事）8 afraid to do（擔(dān)心做某事）afraid doing（擔(dān)心正在做的事）9interested to do（對(duì)做某事感興趣）interested doing（對(duì)正在做的感興趣）10 mean to do（打算做某事）mean doing（做某事很有意義）11 begin/ start to do（開(kāi)始去做某事）begin/ start doing（開(kāi)始做某事）forget doing/to doforget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)The ligh

43、t in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。(to come動(dòng)作未做)remember doing/to doremember to do 記得去做某事(未做)remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after scho

44、ol.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎？regret doing/to doregret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做)regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。cease doing/to docease to do長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，

45、甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。cease doing短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那個(gè)部門(mén)已不復(fù)存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^(guò)時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。try doing/to dotry to do努力，企圖做某事。try doing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didn't su

46、cceed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”

47、；be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing 是客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。.be interested doing/to dointerested to

48、do對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事。interested in doing對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。(想了解)I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that我對(duì)在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過(guò)這事嗎?(一種想法)mean doing/to domean to do打算、想mean doing意味著I mean to go,but my father would not all

49、ow me to.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買力。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.（1)談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？（2)begin,start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to doI was beginning

50、to get angry。我開(kāi)始生起氣來(lái)。（3)在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接know,understand,realize這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式todo。I begin to understand the truth。我開(kāi)始明白真相。（4)物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)It began to melt.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)時(shí)態(tài)一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，有時(shí)表示同時(shí)發(fā)生.如：I hope to become a university student this year.(to become發(fā)生在hope之后)We often hear Dick p

51、lay the piano in the next room.(play和hear同時(shí)發(fā)生)完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前.如：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.進(jìn)行式：表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.如：The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)

52、詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ))It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (不定式作定語(yǔ))He went to the hospital

53、to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)，如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)時(shí)態(tài)一般式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作可以是泛指，也可與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)

54、生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前或之后，如：We are interested in collecting stamps.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.We are not afraid of dying.完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如：Imagine having travelled on the moon.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞要用

55、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分，如：The young man came in without being noticed.He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.有些動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式，但表示被動(dòng)意義，如：The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing,it is worth doing well.在口語(yǔ)中，為避免重復(fù)，常用“to”代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略，如：-Did you go to visit the Great Wall-N

56、o,I wanted to,but there wasn't enough time.-Would you like to come to a party-I'd love to.-Don't make any mistakes in your homework,will you-I'll try not to.-Try to be back by 12,won't you-OK,I'll try.另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。在why引起的問(wèn)句中，省略“to”，如：Why spend suc

57、h a lot of moneyWhy not wait for a couple of days當(dāng)兩個(gè)或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時(shí)，只在第一個(gè)不定式前加“to”，如：It's quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice.“to”在下列短語(yǔ)中是“介詞”，后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞形式，如：devoteto,face up to(勇敢地面對(duì)),look forward to(盼望),object to(反對(duì)),take to(養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，對(duì)感興趣；開(kāi)始從事某種活動(dòng)),be used to(習(xí)慣于)等。進(jìn)行式形式to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞He seems to be following us.他好像在跟著我們。用法用于助動(dòng)詞之后He must be coming by bus.他一定是乘公共汽車來(lái)的。You sh