介詞用法歸納99539

1、實用標準文案介詞（preposition） 又稱前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞不能單獨做句子成分。介詞后須接賓語，介詞與其賓語構(gòu)成介詞短語。一、介詞從其構(gòu)成來看可以分為：1、簡單介詞（Simple prepositions）如：at ,by, for, in, from, since, through等； 2、復(fù)合介詞（Compound prepositions）如：onto, out of, without, towards等；3、短語介詞（phrasal prepositions）如；because of, instead of, on account of, in spite of, in f

2、ront of等；4、二重介詞（double prepositions）如：from behind, from under, till after等；5、分詞介詞（participial prepositions），又可稱動詞介詞（verbal prepositions）如：during, concerning, excepting, considering, past等。二、    常見介詞的基本用法精彩文檔1、    about  關(guān)于Do you know something about Tom？What about

3、this coat？（怎么樣）2、    after 在之后Im going to see you after supper.Tom looked after his sick mother yesterday.（照看）3、    across 橫過Can you swim across the river.4、    against 反對Are you for or against me?Nothing could make me turn against my country.（背叛）5、 

4、   along 沿著We walked along the river bank.6、    before 在之前I hope to get there before seven oclock.It looks as though it will snow before long.（不久）7、behind 在后面  The sun is hidden behind the clouds.8、by 到時  We had learned ten English songs by the end of last term.9、d

5、uring 在期間  Where are you going during the holiday.10、except 除了  Everyone except you answered the question correctly.11、for 為了  The students are studying hard for the people.12、from 從  I come from Shanghai.13、in 在里        on 在上面   

6、  under在下面  There are two balls in/on/under the desk.14、near 在附近  We live near the park.15、of 的  Do you know the name of the winner.16、over 在正上方  There is a bridge over the river.  Tom goes over his English every day.（復(fù)習(xí)）17、round/around 圍繞  The students stand aroun

7、d the teacher.18、to 朝方向  Can you tell me the way to the cinema.19、towards朝著  The car is traveling towards Beijing.20、with 和一起  Would you like to go to the cinema with me?學(xué)習(xí)這些介詞時可以先記住它的漢語意思，然后參照例句來加深理解，并在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中加以靈活運用。三、    常用易混淆介詞辨析1、    after/ in 皆可表示時間在之

8、后，其區(qū)別為：after 1）表示“在某點時間之后”，用于將來時。如：     Well go out for a walk after supper.     2）表示“一段時間之后”，用于過去時。如：     My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段時間之后”，用于將來時。如：       Well go to school in two weeks.2、at/in/on

9、  at seven oclock（具體某一時刻用at）  in April /in April,2002（具體某一月份或年份用in）  on April 5,2002/on the morning of Monday（具體某一天用on）3、in /by /with  He writes in black ink.（用材料）  The guard cut one boot open with a knife.（用工具）  She always goes to school by bike.（用手段）4、between /among&#

10、160; Can you say the differences between the two words?（兩者之間）  Premier Chou En-lai lives among the people for ever.（三者或三者以上）5、besides /except  We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.（除之外，還有）全部計算在內(nèi)  We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.（除之外）不計算在內(nèi)6、on /over/ above  There

11、is a boat on the desk（在某物面上，與此物接觸。）  There is a bridge over the river.（在某物正上方，與此物不接觸，或橫在某物上，或覆蓋在某物上。）  She spread a cloth over the table.  He held his heads above his head. （“在上”，強調(diào)“高于?！保?、on/ in / to  Mongolia is on the north of china.（與中國接壤，不屬于中國）  Japan is to the east of

12、china.（不屬于中國，且不接壤）  Taiwan is in the east of China.（臺灣屬于中國）8、since /forsince  表示從過去某一時間以來for 表示一段時間  I have been living here since 1982.（自1982年以來，我一直住在這里）  I have been living here for 20 years.（我已經(jīng)在這里住了20年了）9、of /from  The desk is made of wood（看得出材料）  Paper is made from

13、 wood.（看不出材料）  The bread is made up of flour, sugar and milk.（由數(shù)種成分組成）10、by /on  He used to go to school by bike.（抽象概括）  He came to school on this bike yesterday.（具體到哪一輛車）11、of /for  Its kind of you to come to see me.（既說明不定式本身特點，又說明邏輯主語的品性）  Its important for you students to

14、 learn English well.（只說明不定式本身的特征）12、of /in  This is the most interesting of all the stories.（從個體的集體著眼）  China has the largest population in the world.（從總體概括著眼）13、of /about /on表示“談及，論述”  Do you know of American singer John Denver?（涉及淺層關(guān)系）  I have never heard about him.（表示談?wù)摰壬钜徊降年P(guān)系

15、）  This book is on grammar.（以為主要內(nèi)容）14、through /past/across  The new railway runs through the small town.（穿過）  He walked slowly past the tall building.（從旁邊經(jīng)過）  Mary walked across the park to do some shopping.（強調(diào)從一邊到另一邊）15、by/ with通過手段  We write with a pen.（表示較具體的事物）  The

16、res nothing to gain by waiting.（表示抽象）16、despite = in spite of（介詞） / although（連詞）despite 是介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞，不能跟句子although是連詞，后面要跟句子。  Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school.  Despite failure in the exam, I still have a chance to win in the term.17、as /likeas  1）用作介詞時意思為“作為，充當”

17、如： She acted as an interpreter.   2）用作連詞時 意思為“像一樣；當，由于”   As it was cold, I didnt go outside.like 用作介詞，意思為像一樣   John sings like a nightingale.18、by day（指白天）/ by the day（按日計算）  I worked here by day and I am paid by the day.一、 3. 表示地點時 at, in, on 的區(qū)別5.表方位的介詞in, on, to, off的區(qū)別

18、in 表示在境內(nèi). on 表示相鄰或在邊界上, 不在境內(nèi). to 表示在境外, 不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland.二 表示時間介詞1. at, in, on的區(qū)別1 The train leaves _ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; afte

19、r C. at; by D. before;around2 The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during3 The railway was opened _ traffic _ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; onin ,on, at的區(qū)別和用法1） at 表示在某一時刻或短暫的時間。at one oclock（在一點鐘）， at dawn（在黎明）， at sunrise （在日出時）， at

20、 noon（在正午）， at that time（在那時）， at the last moment （在最后一刻）， at breakfast （在早餐時）at dark at亦可表示 “年齡”、 “節(jié)日”等。at the age of twenty（在二十歲時）， at Mid-autumn（在中秋節(jié)時）， at Christmas（在圣誕節(jié)時）2） in 用來表示某年、某月、季節(jié)、上下午、傍晚等時間 in 1998 in May, in May, 1998in the morningafternoonevening， in the night（特指某一夜間，而at night表泛指的夜間）

21、，in the day（在白天）in summer in the twentieth centuryin modern timesin ones old age（在某人晚年） in ones teens / twenties/ thirties, in ones youth in the day time in one s life in the past inthose days in the future3） on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。on Sunday（在星期日）， on October the first， 1999（在1999年10月1日）， on Monday mor

22、ning（在星期日早晨）， on a cold evening（在一個寒冷的晚上）， on New Years Eve（新年前夕）on Christmas DayAt 9 on the morning of April,1976At 9 in the morning in April , 19762.in, within, after的區(qū)別和用法1） in 表從現(xiàn)在時間角度看將來，意為“在之后“，“過若干時間就”。 The project will be finished in a week. 2） within 表示期限,，意為“在某時間之內(nèi)”。(將來或過去） He must be back

23、 within a week. 他必須一周之內(nèi)回來。 3） after 表示 “什么時間之后”，后可接表某一時刻或某種活動的詞。 The meal was ready after thirty minutes.三十分鐘后飯熟了。 We left after the party.晚會后我們離開了。My father will be back from abroad in three days.He left home and went to the front after two days two days laterIll go and see her after three oclock.a

24、fter+一段時間， 常與過去時連用after +時間上的一點， 常與將來時連用In the past, no villagers dared do that.In the pastlast few years, great changes have taken place in the village.4.during, for的區(qū)別和用法during 表示“在（某一段時間）內(nèi)”，“在期間”，用于已知一段時間或已限定的時期或階段。for 用來指延續(xù)一段時間。例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 da

25、ys.我假期里去了上海并在那兒呆了二十多天。5. by, till / until的區(qū)別和用法1） by表示到某時某事已發(fā)生或已出現(xiàn)情況，經(jīng)常與完成時連用；till 表示行動或狀態(tài)一直遲續(xù)到某一時間(肯定句中延續(xù)動詞）。We discussed about the matter till/until midnight. 我們一直談那件事，直到午夜時分。（midnight 指動作的終點）. You must hand in your term paper by next Monday. 你必須在下星期日之前交學(xué)期論文。 （不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是這之前某個時間發(fā)生）2） till /

26、 until 經(jīng)常用在否定句中，譯作 “到才”, 強調(diào)時間晚了。.例如 He didnt arrive until ten oclock.他直到十點鐘才來。三、 工具、手段、 方式介詞By sea by water by land by air by railBy bike by bus by taxi by plane by ship by boat by train by spaceshipIn the a plane, on a the train, on the a my bike, on foot, on a horse With + a the my +有形的工具或身體某些器官Wi

27、th a pen with our eyesBy in on overthrough 等多用與無形的工具或手段 by hand in ink on the telephone over the radio through the telescope使用語言， 原料， 材料用 in in English in blue inkIn this that the same wayBy thisthat meansBy means of With this that method常見介詞對比on“關(guān)于”，學(xué)術(shù)性強：a lecture on computerabout“關(guān)于”，知識性或隨便談?wù)摚篴 di

28、scussion about the planbe familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某be familiar to sb. 為某人所熟悉be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格要求be strict in sth. 嚴格對待某事 shout to 呼喊，向喊 shout at對吼，責(zé)罵at least 至少 in the least 絲毫，一點in the endat lastfinally by the end of到末止at the end of在結(jié)束時，在末端， in the way擋路，障礙，妨礙 in a way在某點上，在某種程度上 by the w

29、ay順便問一下 on one¢s way(to) 在路上after a timeafter some time過一段時間后 behind time遲到，過期 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某時 some time某段時間，某一時期 sometimes有時 at a timeeach time每次 at one timeonce曾經(jīng)in the air 空中，在流傳 on the air播出for a momentfor a while/minute一會兒 for the moment暫時 in a moment立刻 at the moment當時 the moment/minute/second/instanceas soon as 一就be tired of 討厭 be tired withfrom 因而疲倦be pleased with名詞/what從句 對滿意 be pleased at抽象名詞 聽/看到而高興be known to sb.為某人所知 be known as 作為而出名，被叫作 be known for因而出名be busy with sth.忙于某事 be bus