2020屆上海牛津版中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題：首字母中的動(dòng)詞

1、中考專題：首字母中的動(dòng)詞1、專題知識(shí)梳理文意理解，所填空詞意明白，詞窮，怎么辦？熟悉一些首字母的高頻詞匯，按字母或按詞性背誦。英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。（1）主語是句子所要說的人或事物，回答是 誰"或者 什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：I'm Miss Green.（2）謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，回答 做（什么）”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room.（3）表語在系動(dòng)詞之后，說明主語的身份或特征，回答是 什么”或者 怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如： My name is Alice。（4）

2、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果，回答做的是什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如： He can spell the word.有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)指物，一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter.有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語，放在直接賓語后面， 來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：He wrotea letter to me .（5）定語修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如： Shanghai is a big city .（6）狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如： He wor

3、ks hard .（7）賓語補(bǔ)足語 用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么，通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如： They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons.三、簡單的五種基本句型：1、S（主）+ Vi （不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂語） >主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例如：Time flies.1） S + V +副詞（狀語） 例如:Birds sing beautifully.2） S + Vi +介詞短語（狀語） 例如：He went on holiday.3） S + Vi +不定式（狀語） 例如： We stopped to

4、 have a rest.4） S + Vi +分詞（狀語）例如：I'll go swimming.2、S （主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂語）+ O （賓語）> 主動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如： We like English.1） S + Vt +名詞/代詞 例如：I like music.2） S + Vt +不定式 例如：I want to help him.說明常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有： decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want,等。3） S + Vt +疑問詞+不定式 例如：I don't know what to do. 說明 常用于這句

5、型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, decide, find out, forget, know 等。4） S + Vt + 動(dòng)名詞例如： I enjoy living here.說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise 等。5） S + Vt + 賓語從句例如： I don't think （that） he is right.說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：hope, know, notice, think, wonder 等?！倦y點(diǎn)】3、S （主）+ V （謂語）（系動(dòng)詞）+ P （表語）> 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)例如： We are Chi

6、nese.說明I .除了 be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell,taste, sound, look, seem 等。 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn, go, 等。 表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞keep, seem等。表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall等。n .表語也就是主語的補(bǔ)足語。1） S + V + 名詞/代詞例如：He is a boy.2） S + V + 形容詞例如：She is beautiful.3） S + V + Adv 副詞例如：Class is over.4） S + V + 介詞短語例如：He is in

7、 good health.5） S + V+ 分詞例如： He is excited.4、S （主）+ Vt （謂語）+ In O （間接賓語）+ D O （直接賓語）一-> 主動(dòng)雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如：I give you help.1） S + Vt + 間接賓語+ 直接賓語例如：I sent him a book.2） S + Vt + 直接賓語+ To/for + 間接賓語例如： He sent a book to me.說明 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send,show, teach, tell

8、, wish, write 等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy, get, make 等?！倦y點(diǎn)】5、S （主）+ Vt （謂語）+ O （賓語）+ O C （賓語補(bǔ)足語）> 主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)例如： I make you clear.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間通常具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。1） ） S + Vt + 賓語 + 名詞例如： We named our baby Tom.說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：call, find, make, name 等。2） S + Vt + 賓語 + 形容詞例如： He painted the wall white. 說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：c

9、ut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash 等。3） S + Vt + 賓語+ 介詞短語例如： She always keeps everything in good order.4） ） S + Vt + 賓語+ 不定式例如： I wish you to stay.說明常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：不定式帶to的詞：ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。不定式不帶to 的詞： have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch 等。5） S + Vt + 賓語 + 分詞例如： I heard my

10、name called （表示被動(dòng)）.I feel something moving （表示進(jìn)行）.說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：notice, observe, see, watch 等。6） S + Vt + 賓語 + 疑問詞 + 不定式例如： He show me how to do it.說明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, show, teach, tell 等。、專題精講首字母高頻詞匯（連詞匯總在最后）A 字母開頭的： 名詞：ability accident activity actor actress addition address advantage advertisement

11、aim all ambition amount answer area attention代詞：all another any anybody anything形容詞：able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful副詞：abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as動(dòng)詞：accept achieve add afford all

12、ow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract介詞：about above across after against along among around asB 字母開頭的：名詞：balance base beginning beingbest（最好的人或物） bit block book bottom break（休息）breathbroadcast business businessman代詞：bothbadbeautifulbestbetterboringboth brave副詞：backbeforebehindbestbothbes

13、ides動(dòng)詞：beatbitebookborrowbornbreak介詞：beforebybehindbelowbesidebesidesbetween形容詞：C 字母開頭的：callcancelcapital cigarettecase cause centurychance charity chemicalchemistrychoicecirclecitizenclasscollectioncollegecolorcompanycompetitionconcert名詞：conclusioncontrol cross culture custom customer形容詞：careful ce

14、rtain changeable cheap chemicalclose（ 近 的 ） cold common completeconfidentconvenient correct crazy crowded confident副詞：carefullycertainly clearly close completely動(dòng)詞：cancel carecause celebratechange choose clear climb collect comparecomplain complete confuseconnect consist control copy correct createD

15、 字母開頭的：名詞：daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream 形容詞：dangerous different difficult dull disappointed副詞：Deeply 動(dòng)詞：decide decorate describe disappeardiscover disturbdrop developdesign介詞：down duringE 字母開頭的：名詞：excuseearth earthquake education effect end energy entrance envi

16、ronment exampleexercise experience experiment代詞：each either everybody/everyone everything形容詞：each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting expensive副詞：easily either enough especially even ever everywhere exactly 動(dòng)詞：explaine-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy e

17、nter equal escape examine expect express介詞： exceptF 字母開頭的：名詞：fable fact favor female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future形容詞：fair favourite first fit following foreign forgetful freezing fresh familiar 副詞：far finally first

18、forever動(dòng)詞：fail fit fix focus follow frightenG 字母開頭的：名詞：game gas geography形容詞：general glad good副詞：gently動(dòng)詞：gaingetgoal grade graduategreenhouse guestgreatH 字母開頭的：名詞：habit healthheart heatheight historyhobby holidayhope houseworkhumour形容詞：hardworkinghealthy helpfulhistoricalhorriblehungry副詞：happilyhar

19、dhardlyheavilyherehomehowhowever動(dòng)詞：hanghappenhate heat hesitateholdhopehunthurryhurtI 字母開頭的：名詞：idea income industry information invention inventor invitation形容詞：islandimportant impossible independent interested interesting副詞：immediately in動(dòng)詞：imagine improve介詞：inside intoinside insteadinclude increas

20、e interview introduceJ 字母開頭的：名詞：jam journalistjourney joy judge副詞： just動(dòng)詞： joke judgeK 字母開頭的：名詞： kind kindergarten knowledge動(dòng)詞： kick knowL 字母開頭的：language形容詞：lawlawyerlengthlielinklistlocationlocklast副詞：latelikelylimitedlocallowluckylonelylast動(dòng)詞：latelaterluckilylandlaugh介詞：likelayleadlinklocatelockle

21、ave名詞：luckN 字母開頭的：M 字母開頭的：名詞：Machine magazinemailmannermarketmatch mattermealmemorymenumessagemethodmindminutemistake momentmost much代詞： manymodernmoremostmuch副詞：mainlymaybemoremostmuch動(dòng)詞：managematchmattermeanmind形容詞：miss mistake move名詞：neighbournetworknumber note代詞：neithernobody形容詞：nonenothingnearb

22、ynecessary副詞：neithernervous nextnearlyneither動(dòng)詞：notice介詞：nearO 字母開頭的：名詞：nevernextnonot nowhereofferopinion代詞：orderorganizationownerone other形容詞：onlyopenoppositeordinaryotheroutdoorown副詞：oftenonceonlyover動(dòng)詞：obeyobserveofferorderorganizeown介詞：onontooppositeoutsideoverP 字母開頭的：名詞：pain paint（ 涂料，顏料） pain

23、ting part partner passenger performance place planepollution practice president problem process progress形容詞：pale perfect personal physical precious pretty private public 副詞：perhaps politely possibly probably properly 動(dòng)詞：produceplace plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process promise pro

24、tect prove putQ 字母開頭的：名詞： question副詞： quicklyquietlyR 字母開頭的：名詞：reasonrecordrelative resource responsibility rest restaurant result robbery rulerun形容詞：realregularresponsibleretired副詞：ratherreallyrecentlyright動(dòng)詞：realizereceiverecognizerecordreduce refuse relaxrepeatreply researchrespectreviewrob ruler

25、unrushS 字母開頭的:名詞：safesafetysaucesayingsecretsecretarysectionsense servicesexshameshape sightseeingsituationsize skillsquarestorysuccesssupportsurfacesurprisesurvey systemsubject strength代詞：samesome somebody/someonesomething形容詞：safesame serious several simplesome sparespecial square straightstrangest

26、rongsuccessfulsuch sure副詞：safelysecondseldomseriouslyslowlyso softlysometimessoonstillsuddenly動(dòng)詞：savesearchseem selectsellsendservesettle shareshine solve spendspreadstudysucceedsuggestsupportsupposesurprisesurvey介詞：sinceT 字母開頭的： 名詞：task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type代詞：thatthes

27、e this those形容詞：teenage terrible thankful副詞：then today together動(dòng)詞：telephone/phone tell testthat these thin thirsty thisthose top traditional truetomorrow toothankthink throw tie traintranslate transport try turntype 介詞：through throughout till to towardsU 字母開頭的： 名詞： use形容詞：unhealthy副詞：under up動(dòng)詞：unde

28、rstandunusual usefulusuallyuseusual upset介詞： underV 字母開頭的：名詞：variety形容詞：various動(dòng)詞：vary volunteerW 字母開頭的：名詞：way wisdom wish wonder worry writer代詞：what who形容詞：weak well which wooden wounded wrong副詞：what when where why動(dòng)詞：wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry 介詞：withwithinwithoutY 字

29、母開頭的：形容詞：young副詞： yet連詞：A：and afteralthoughasB：becausebeforebutI：ifN：neithernorO：orS：sincesoT：thantillthoughU：unlessuntilW：whenwhilewhether疑問詞/連詞：what how三、專題過關(guān)（一 ）、首字母?？荚~性：首字母?？荚~性：名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞、連詞（二 ）、首字母填空階梯訓(xùn)練法通過對(duì)單一成分的分類練習(xí)，掌握該句子成分Step1： 掌握七種句子成分與七種詞性之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。與何種詞性相對(duì)應(yīng)。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。Step2： 在牢記了七種

30、句子成分與十種詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系之后，多做綜合的“用所給單詞的正確形式填空有利于提高對(duì)句子成分的判斷能力。熟練掌握詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3:鍛煉自己的發(fā)散和歸納思維的能力，或稱為 猜謎”的能力。、專題知識(shí)精講以下對(duì)各詞性的作用僅從首字母的方向進(jìn)行分析，不大全，求適用。（一 ） 對(duì)名詞的判斷1. Seeing is believing.ving 動(dòng)名詞主語2. Seeing is believing.ving 動(dòng)名詞表語3. Anne Hathaway was a beautiful actress. a（+adj）+n 表語4. Collecting shells is

31、the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach . v+n 賓語（動(dòng)賓）5. Collecting shells is the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach prep+n 賓語 （介賓）6. Happiness is more important to me than money. n 主語7. The socks smell terrible. Please. wash them immediately. the +n 主語

32、8. Some famous scientists are going to give lectures in our university in August. v+n 賓語9. His performance is excellent. Adj（ 物主代詞）+n 主語10.There is no reason for him to do that. no+n10. Joyce used to work in a shoe factory n+n 定語11. I wish this heavy rain will bring the earth life. v+n+n 雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)12. Jac

33、ky Chen, a famous actor, is hotter than ever these days due to Duang. a （+adj）+n 同位語分析：名詞的使用情況成分判斷：主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語細(xì)節(jié)判斷：adj+n; adj 物主代詞+nthe/a/an/no+nprep+na+nn+n注意事項(xiàng)：名詞作定語 （非常考點(diǎn)）：women doctors; book shops; a stone bridge ; a sales manager等 雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)：帶to 的 bring , give ,leave , lend , offer , send , show

34、, teach , tell 等 ；帶 for 的 buy , cook 等動(dòng)名詞：主語有的動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)関ing 形式；介詞+動(dòng)名詞；一些非謂語動(dòng)詞如mind。對(duì)動(dòng)詞的判斷：謂語動(dòng)詞判斷：一個(gè)簡單句必須配一謂語動(dòng)詞；復(fù)合句看有幾個(gè)句子合成，若是由2個(gè)句子構(gòu)成即有2個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。1 .The TV series Wu Meiniang looks eye-pleasing（ 養(yǎng)眼的 ）. 主語 +系動(dòng)詞（感官動(dòng)詞）+表語（adj）2 .The air today is （pretty） fresh. 主語+系動(dòng)詞（be 動(dòng)詞）+表語（adj）3 .He was a traitor.主語 + 系動(dòng)詞（

35、be）+表語（n）4.She wants to live on the Mars for some time.主語+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+賓語（非謂語動(dòng)詞）5We ought to stay together for a stronger union. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 狀語（adv）6 .My mother bought an Optimus Prime （擎天柱）for my birthday. 主語 + 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 + 賓語7 .Yang Zirong climbed fast in order not to be bitten by the tiger.主語 + 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 + 狀語（adv

36、）8 .Chen Zhen whispered to Yang Ke he wanted to search for wolf pups. 復(fù)合句分析：謂語動(dòng)詞相對(duì)來說還是非常好判斷的，分析句子成分輕易就能看出。成分判斷：謂語。放在主語后面。細(xì)節(jié)判斷：be+adj感官動(dòng)詞+adjv+advv+n情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+v附：謂語動(dòng)詞分類Be: am/is/are系動(dòng)詞 后可接adj感官動(dòng)詞：feel/taste/smell/look/sound變"：become/turn/go/grow/get其他：keep/seem/prove 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：want/buy等+后可接adv。及物動(dòng)詞后可接

37、賓語。非謂語動(dòng)詞判斷：背誦動(dòng)詞用法：expect to do, admit doing 等細(xì)節(jié)判斷：v+adv; v+adj; v+n; to+v（一）、動(dòng)詞（2018 崇明一模）The young boy was apologetic. "I' m sorry. I didn ' t know what else to do, “ he said. "Ithre brick because no one else would s 84 .（2018 崇明一模）It was a long and slow walk back to the Jaguar. T

38、he damage was very noticeable, but the drivernever tried to r 87 the dented （凹陷）side door.（2019 寶山一模） Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in r_87_ the number of people who drink and

39、drive.（2018 奉賢一模） Paper cutting c 85 nearly all topics,from flowers,birds,animals to people in history andcharacters in classic novels.（2017 奉賢一模） At present,there are factories making paper cutting in China.Exhibitions are held regularly and books of this kind are p 86（2019 虹口一模）It is used as“smile

40、 through tears破涕為笑）.” However, most young netizens c 87this the emoji as“l(fā)augh to tears " or simply" LOL" , which means “l(fā)augh out loud.（2018 黃浦一模） Many of our grandmother ' s ideas on how to keep well have c 81n recent years.（2019 黃浦一模）He whole idea of open-air sleeping is to b 8

41、4 fresh air instead of the air full of dust andgerms（病菌）.（2018 黃浦一模） Then you can laugh at the doctor and t 85 the medicine bottles away.（2018 嘉定一模） I've always wanted to try rock climbing, but never had time or money for it. But I've discovered a way to e 81 the excitement of climbing rock.

42、（2019 嘉定一模）It is usually not expensive. Most gyms p 83 the equipment you need.（2018 靜安一模）If you are in this s ituation, don 811 wMany people have proved that there is enough time to study if you arrange it well.（2019 靜安一模） Do more study on these subjects because some parts probably still r 85 review

43、ing, but they will come to you more easily this time.go home feeling cheerful .I（2019 閔行一模） The Circle of Life is a film everyone should see if they want to couldn ' t stop l 83 （2016 閔行一模） There is plenty of action in the middle and it finishes with a helicopter following the two men as they tr

44、y to escape in a boat. I couldn't wait to d 87 what happened.（2019 浦東一模）My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten.The servants had already gone to their rooms.Only my housekeeper s 81 in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.（2017 浦東一模） I saw two other men entering

45、behind the first .I was so scared,trembling.I s_85_back quickly,but the man was on me in a moment.（2016 普陀一模） This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m 81 to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.（2016 普陀一模）Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the pat

46、h. Before he r 82 this, Nicholasfound he was lost!（2016 青浦一模） The cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesn't think too much about the future. They even b 86 money when they really want something.（2016 松江一模）Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and l 82 his right arm. I went to

47、 see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale, but he didn't cry.（2019 徐?匚模） Having studied acting since she was 11, Jia Ling was admitted to the nation' s top The Central Academy of Drama when she was 19, but she c 81 to learn crosstalk there.（2018 徐匯一模） She is trying so ha

48、rd that crosstalk can s86 to more people.（2017 楊浦一模）Working in a shop can be fun-and you can smoney too. Some shops often give employees20-30 percent discount on cloths and other things.（2018 長寧一模）We need satellites to send receive TV and radio signals, to r82 the weather and formany other things.（2

49、019 長寧一模）But in 2009, an old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite-and thatc84 2,000 new pieces of space Junk!Keys:Stop repair reducing covers published consider changed breathe throw enjoy provideWorry require laughing discuss stayed stepped/stood managed realized borrow lost ch

50、ose Spread Save Report caused短語的積累3.be pleased/satisfied with 4.be responsible for6.have/develop a sense of （humor/responsibility.）8.have/share interest in10.offer sth to sb/offer sb sth1.be similar to 2.be familiar to/with5 .get into/develop/form the habit of7 .have something/nothing in common9 .pr

51、ovide sb with sth/provide sth for sb練習(xí)： （楊浦區(qū)一模）Teens and moneySo,you can t afford to go out with your friends, and you can t borrow any money from your parents.Yoto get a job and earn some money!Don t worry,there are many jobs you can find and create.Hear are some ideas.A looking after petsWhen your

52、 neighbors go on holidays, you can take care of their cat or dog or whatever pet they have.You give the animals food and exercise. A,many people work long hours and they will pay you to visit their petsduring the day and take them for a walk.B Helping with studiesSome teens say they earn between fiv

53、e and twenty euros an hour tutoring. Are you good at s,forexample,Math or English?Then you can earn money by helping others understand it too.C OjobsDo you hate working inside?Don -tfiwndororyut if there is a job in a park near your house. Often parks employ young people to collect litter or help wi

54、th cutting the grass and looking after plants. You can cut the grass or clear the snow for your neighbors, too.D Department storesWorking in a shop can be fun-and you can smoney too. Some shops often give employees 20-30percent discount on cloths and other things, so when you buy things from the shop it s cfoE Getting experienceThink about volunteering, too. V olunteers don t earn any monet yv,obluunteering can help you get a job later.Thin