英語中的句子成分(共3頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英 語 中 的 句 子 成 分英語句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語。 （一）英語句子中的主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法: 主語由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng). 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become mo

2、re and more popular.（名詞） We often speak English in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞） The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been dec

3、ided.（主語從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） 矚慫潤(rùn)厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴賃軔朧礙鱔絹。練習(xí)：找出下列句子的主語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.Jane is good at playing the piano.2.She went out in a hurry.3.Four plus four is eight.4.To see is to believe.5.Smoking is bad for health.6.The young should respect the old.7.What he

4、 has said is true.（二）句子中的謂語成分：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。一句話語法: 謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng). 有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時(shí)候容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是要么亂用be動(dòng)詞,要么句子沒有謂語動(dòng)詞. 謂語的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動(dòng)詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad col

5、d. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students. 聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛氌譴凈禍測(cè)樅鋸鰻鯪。練習(xí)：找出下列句子的謂語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?2.He looked after two orphans.3.He can speak English well. （三）英語句子中的表語成分：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow

6、,come,殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟婭騍東戇鱉納。go等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法: 表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weather has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobb

7、y（愛好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐顧葒鈀詢鱈驄。 The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句） 練習(xí)：找出下列句子的表語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.The apple tastes sweet.2.The war was over.3.They seem to know the truth.4.Time is precious.5.Im not quite

8、 myself today.6.Who was the first?7.He is out of condition.8.The book is what I need.（四）英語句子中的賓語成分：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）

9、 How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么

10、是雙賓語,記下下面這個(gè)句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個(gè)的意思.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor. 練習(xí)：找出下列句子的賓語，并說明其性質(zhì)。彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡詒爾膚億鰾簡(jiǎn)。1.please pass me the book.2.He bought me some flowers.3.I like my job.4.I love you.5.He wanted to leave here.6.They enjoyed playing computer games.（五）英語句子中

11、的賓語補(bǔ)足語成分：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。 His father named him Dongming.（名詞） They painted their boat white.（形容詞） Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語） We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)

12、在分詞） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔點(diǎn)鉍雜簍鰩驅(qū)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,賓語補(bǔ)足語變成主補(bǔ).1.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.2.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷巹癩龔長(zhǎng)鰥檷。T

13、he student was caught cheating in the exam 3.We made him monitor.He was made monitor.4.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.練習(xí)：找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.I found the book interesting.2.Do you smell something burning?3.He made himself known to them.4.She asked me to lend her a hand.5.Please ma

14、ke yourself at home.6.Please keep the dog out.7.We must keep it a secret.（六）句子中的定語成分：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞 定語可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） Our monitor is al

15、ways the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語） 煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚鍍齊鈞摟鰨饗。There are 54students in our class.數(shù)詞Do you known bettys sister?名詞所有格He bought some sleeping pills.動(dòng)名詞There is a sleeping

16、 baby in bed.現(xiàn)在分詞His spoken language is good.過去分詞I met a friend on my way home.副詞練習(xí)：找出下列句子的定語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.The girl in red is his sister.2.We have a lot of work to do.3.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴縈詰聾諦鰭皚。4.Do you know the man who spoke just now?5.There is nothing interesti

17、ng in this book.（七）句子中的狀語成分：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子(這個(gè)就叫狀語,一句話語法: 狀語用副詞,不用形容詞)，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plan

18、e.（分詞短語） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句） 狀語種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語）(表示時(shí)間就是時(shí)間狀語,那表示原因的呢? 對(duì)嘍,就是原因狀語) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語） She put the eggs int

19、o the basket with great care.（方式狀語） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語） 籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)櫧撻曉養(yǎng)鰲頓。練習(xí)：找出下列句子的狀語，并說明其性質(zhì)。1.I will be back in a while.2.They are playing on the playground.3.He was late because he got up late.4.He got up so late that I missed the train.5.I waited to see you.6.He often went to school by bus.7.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.8.Please ca