2020年小升初專題講解與訓(xùn)練

1、專題名詞一、名詞定義名詞是表示人，事物，地點(diǎn)或抽象概念等名稱的詞，如：student學(xué)生apple蘋(píng)果二、名詞分類名詞根據(jù)其意義可以分為普通名詞和專有拿詞。三、名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)主要指普通名詞的數(shù)。我們又將普通名詞的數(shù)分為可數(shù)乞詞和不可數(shù)名詞，不可 數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)變化，只能是單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律a) 一般情況下詞尾直接加-s,比如book-books, apple-applesb) 以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的名詞，通常詞尾加-es,比如：bus-buses, boxes, watchc) 名詞以元音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，力n-s,讀作z；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，變y

2、為i，再加ps,讀izboy boys 男孩 story stories 故事 factory factories 匸廠 baby babies 婆兒 holiday holidays 假期d) 以。結(jié)尾的名詞，有些詞尾加-es,有些加口訣黑人，英雄愛(ài)吃西紅柿和土豆中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的結(jié)尾加-es的主要有以卜幾個(gè)：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, mango-mangoese) 以f或者fe結(jié)尾的名詞，有些在詞尾加-s,有些將f/fe改為v后再加-es。我們所見(jiàn) 到的改f/fe為v加-es的主要有以下單詞：繞口

3、令：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌：躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself) 半(half)丿；樹(shù)葉(leaf)遮目光©wife(half(),life(),knife(),leaf(),thief(self(),shelf(),wolf()of）某些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是一樣的，這類需詞不多，主要有:sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese,g）有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，沒(méi)有一左的規(guī)則的，需要特別記憶:man）男人woman-* (）女人foot-* (）腳tooth(）牙m(xù)ouse-*(）鼠child-*

4、(）兒童練習(xí)：1根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給詞的正確形式填空。The(story) are very interesting.必背：由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞的兩個(gè)構(gòu)成部分都要變化。a man doctormen doctors 男醫(yī)生 a woman player-* women players 女演員四. 常見(jiàn)不可數(shù)名詞常用的不可數(shù)名詞：food, meat, fish, chicken, drink, orange, m訂k, tea, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, air, weat

5、her, music, fun, work 等五. 不可數(shù)名詞的量用“數(shù)詞或冠詞+雖:詞+ of+不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是 復(fù)數(shù)，但of后而的需詞只能用單數(shù)如:_杯牛奶兩瓶可樂(lè)There are five bottles of milk.三杯咖啡 兩條新聞But there isn t a cup of tea.可數(shù)名詞時(shí)要注意：后而用復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)量詞來(lái)決左如：_箱蘋(píng)果四雙鞋子There is a box of apples in the car,There are four pairs of shoes under the bed可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)還

6、有：some, any, much, a lot of, plenty of, little, a little等，其中much, little, a little只能用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，其它詞也 可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞的量。六. 有生命物體的所有格有生命的名詞所有格：'s +需詞;表示“的”1.當(dāng)名詞不是 s 結(jié)尾時(shí)，用s；Lucy' s hair / my mother* s bag()Whose ruler is it- Maybe it * s 2當(dāng)名詞加了 s時(shí),則用 只需要加,例如students* reading - room 學(xué)生們的 閱覽室注意：Women

7、 * s Day 婦女節(jié)Children' s Day兒童節(jié)Policemen，s office 警察的辦公室Teachers* Day教師節(jié)【真題再現(xiàn)】()Those books are my ，> s3、表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市的爼詞，力n' s構(gòu)成所有格five minutes* walk = a five- minute walk three days' holiday = a three- day holiday4、雙重所有格：of+名詞所有格/ of +名詞性的物主代詞a friend of mine,an old photo of my fathe

8、r* s.【真題再現(xiàn)】1The girl under thetree is a friend of(Lucy)()1 met a friend oflast night.BmeCID mine5、共同所有格與個(gè)體所有格：She* s Tom and Jim' s mother(同一個(gè)母親)They' re Tom* s and Jinf s mothers.(各自的母親)()Mr Smith is father They are twin sistersA. Mary ' s and John's B Mary* s and John C Mary and Jo

9、hn* s D Mary and Johns' 七.無(wú)生命物體的所有格教室的門the door of the classroom :山頂the top of the hill我臥室的窗戶the windows of my bedroom1() is open.A. The windows of the classroomB The classroom，s windowC The window of the classroomD The classroom's windows課堂練習(xí)教室的窗戶杰克的朋友湯姆和海倫的爸爸瑪麗的姐姐和露西的姐姐我父母的車我們老師的書(shū)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一寫(xiě)岀下列

10、可數(shù)劃詞的復(fù)數(shù)toy- dish- tomato- map-1 eaf- sheep- tooth- woman-factory- goose- minute- ferry-二選擇填空()1 We have some but we need some;potatos ; potatos; potatoes ; potatoes()2 The thief has two)3. The lion has big.()4. Father hasfor breakfast.piece of breadspiece of bread pieces of bread pieces of breads()5

11、. There are many.treestreetreestree()6. How manycan you see in the picture -eight() rooms areand Lily ' s and Lily ' s and Lily，sand Lily's()you give mepaper papers paper()9 There are many pictures onclassroom s wallswalls of the classroom walls in the classroom¥()girl is Susan She

12、is friend my sister friend of my sister friend of my sister* s()11. Is that ancar() walk didn' t made me tiredA. hour B hours C hour* s D hours"()13. The mother over there is motherA. Julia and Mary B Julia and Mary * s C Julia' s and Mary， s Dsand Mary()14 We are and they are A English

13、men, Germans B Englishmen, GermanC Englishmans, Germans D Englishmen, Germen()15 That boy is Jack He is A a friend my brother B a friend of my brother? s C a friend of my brother()16 A man has two A footB footsC feet()17 The two boys are from the different ()18 Are your English new _Yes , They are.A

14、 storybookB stories booksC storybooks()19. Two , pleaseA. coffee B coffees C cups of coffee D cups coffee)Black often drink some A. milk B milks三、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill2 There is some(food) in the basket3 The baby has only two(tooth) now4. There is a lot of(water) in th

15、e bottle5 There are five(people ) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK7. I have lots of(tomato) here8 The(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their(dictionary) look new11. There are many(fox) in the picture12. They have five big (fish)you like some (tomato)14. Jim has some (knife)15. The girl under the tree is a friend of (Lucy)16Those hamburgers are (Tom)17Nina is at ( grandma)She went there yesterday.18 Do you like eating (rice)many (wolf) are there專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案一. toys; dishes; tomatoes; maps; leaves; sheep; teeth; women; fa