短暫性動(dòng)詞于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的應(yīng)用

1、 常見的幾個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞.begin(start),leave,go,borrow,come,return.join,die,buy,arrive.marry,become。短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法1.短暫性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： The train has arrived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？ 2. 短暫性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與for或 since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(只限于肯定式)如： (1)他死了三年了。 誤：He has died for three y

2、ears. 正：He has been dead for three years. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days.3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示“段時(shí)間”的短

3、語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。2. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。如： It rained at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，前后顯然矛盾。 如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來表示。 以下幾種 情況不能用短暫性

4、動(dòng)詞，要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1.for+一段時(shí)間2.since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)3.since+一般過去時(shí)從句4.since+一段時(shí)間+ago5.how long have/has？在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用have/has+短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。l在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，短暫性動(dòng)詞如果要與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,需把短暫性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞或詞組才可以.常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:Begin (start) be on leave be awayGo be there borrow(lend) keepCome be here return be back join be a member of(b

5、e in+組織點(diǎn))die be dead buy have become bearrive in/at(reach,get to) be here/staymarry be married open be opened 例如：1.My pet has died for two days.(誤)die為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與for+一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這里要把die轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。即die be dead，則 My pet has been dead for two days.（正）2.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(誤) borro

6、w為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與since+一段時(shí)間+ago的狀語(yǔ)連用，這里要把borrow轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.即borrow keep，則 She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）3.He has left his hometown since 1986.（誤）leave為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，這里要把leave轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞. He has been away from his hometown since 1986.(正)練習(xí):1.Do you know Huang Ting well? yes,she and I

7、_ friends since we met in Wuhan last summer. A. have made B. were C. have been D. had come2.Mr.Green _Beijing since three years ago. A. has come to B.went C. had lived in D. has been in3.He _our school for two weeks. A. left B. has left C. has been away4.She _the dictionary for about twenty years. A

8、. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had5.How long can I _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep練習(xí):6. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in7.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A. has been opened B. has opened C. was open D.opened8. We _since we came here . A.have been married B. have married C. married D. has married9. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. s