Unit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、實(shí)用文檔Unit 1 How can we become good learners?語法一.介詞by的用法1.by意為“W ,其后常接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。用來表示“以、通過、用 （某種方法或手段）”而達(dá)到某種預(yù)期的目的，常用來回答 how引導(dǎo)的特殊 疑問句。by doing sth 意為“通過做某事” How does the boy improve his spoken English? By talking with a foreigner.（1） How do you learn English so well? chatting with my uncle in America

2、online.A. By B. With C. In D.And（2）Jackson studied Chinese by tapes.A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to2 .by+時(shí)間，意為 “不遲于，在之前" I have to go to bed by ten o ，clock.3 .by+地點(diǎn)， 意為 “在旁” Jim sat down by the window.4 .by+交通工具，意為“乘” I go to school by bike.5 .由by構(gòu)成的固定短語：by the way

3、 順便說一下 by oneself 獨(dú)自=alone 二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（一）用法：1 .表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常用的標(biāo)志詞有already（ “已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句）,yet（ “還，已經(jīng)”，用于否定旬和疑問旬）,ever（“曾經(jīng)”），never （“絕不，從不”），just （“岡U岡'），before （“以前”），once （“一次”），twice （“兩次”）.I have already eaten the dinner.（說明我現(xiàn)在飽了）。I have already seen the film.（1）You don ' t need

4、 to describe her. I her several times.A. meet B. will meet C. have met（2） Hi,guys.Where are you heading（ 向行進(jìn)）now?Home.We all our money,so we have to walk home now.A. spend B.spent C. have spent D.are spending (3)Have you ever seen him?A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now2.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)

5、到現(xiàn)在。經(jīng)常與時(shí)間狀語for+時(shí)間段,since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過去時(shí)從旬 ，如：for Ive minutes(5 分鐘)since 1985 (自 從 1985 年一直至U現(xiàn)在).since he was five years old (自 從他是五歲的時(shí)候一直到現(xiàn)在) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志語還有so far ”到目前為止”注意：此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 leave-be away borrow-keep buy-have begin-be on die-be dead join-be a member of go/come-be in open-be o

6、pen become-be _ I have waited for you for three hours.我直等你等了 三個(gè)/、時(shí)。He has been away for a month.他已經(jīng)離開一個(gè)月 了。 ( has been away 不能用 has left )Her brother has been a member of army for three years.(has been amember of army 不能用 has joined army )Han Mei has kept the book since last week.( has kept 不能用 hasb

7、orrowed)(1)I my hometown for a long time.I really miss it.A. left B.went away from C. have left D.have been away from(2) How do you like your English teacher?He is great.We all love him.We friends since three years ago.A. were B.have made C. have been D.have become(3) Anna,you Chinese is good.have y

8、ou been in China? Since I was ten.A.How long B.How far C. How often D.How soon (4)Has the movie begun? Yes, it for five minutes.A. has begun B. began C. has been on(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，否定句和疑問句的構(gòu)成1 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句的構(gòu)成是 ：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 +其他.（have 用于各種人稱，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)）He has already posted the letter.（他已經(jīng)寄了那封信）2 .現(xiàn)

9、在完成時(shí)的否定句的構(gòu)成是 :主語+have/has+not+ 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 +其他.He hasn' t posted the letter yet.他還沒有寄那封信（注意：否定句中要把a(bǔ)lready 變成yet）3 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成是:Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他.肯定回答是 Yes, 主語+have/has否定回答是 No, 主語+haven' t/hasn 'LHas he posted the letter yet? Yes,he has/No,he hasn' t（三）have/has gone to 與 have/has

10、been to 的區(qū)另U1 .have/has gone to 意為 “已經(jīng)去地方了（還沒回來，不在說話人所在的地方）”Where is Li Lei? He has gone to school.2 .have/has been to 意為 “曾經(jīng)去過地方（已回來）Where have you been? I have been to the library.（1）She isn ' t at the cinema now because she the library.A.has been to B.have been to C.has gone to D.have gone to

11、（2） I think the man over there must be Bob. It be him.He has to Australia.A. can' t;gone B.can ' t;been C. maynot;been D.mustn ' t;gone（3） Have you ever been to Canada?Yes,Ithere last year with my parents.A. have been B.have gone C. went D.go（4） Where is Jhon? He the supermarket.A. has g

12、one to B. has been to C. has goneSection Al.ask for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth“向某人索要某物”He asked his mother for some money.（1）He always asks me advice whatever he does.A. for B. onC. of(2)She wrote to her friend and information about computer programming.A. asked for B. went for C. cared forD.paid for2

13、.the way to do sth=the way of doing sth.“做某事的方法”3 .區(qū)分 watch,see,read 和 look(1)watch強(qiáng)調(diào)看正在運(yùn)動(dòng)或變化的事物。多指看電視、錄像、比賽、表演等。(2)see 用于看電影, We saw a wonderful film yesterday.另外see側(cè)重于結(jié)果，指“看見，看到" Can you see the bird in the tree?(3)read意為“看”時(shí)，指“閱讀；朗讀”，后面接也報(bào)至雜志等。He likes reading storybooks.(4) look 強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的過程，后面

14、接賓語，則用look at.Look at the blackboard,please.Look! The boy is watching the football game.His father is seeing a film,and his mother is reading a newspaper.(1)Jim has many books.He likes them very much.A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching(2)! Yao Ming is in the basketball game.Let' s it.A.Look;

15、100k B.Watch;watch C.Look;watch D.Watch;100k4 .have conversations with sb.“和某人交談”He had conversations with his son yesterday.5 . What about？ =How about?意為 "怎么樣” 或 “好不好？ ” 接代詞賓格或動(dòng)詞-ing 。I think this is a good idea.What about you?What about visiting the East Lake?We don' t have much homework

16、this weekend.Can we go out together?OK.What abouta movie?A. to see B.seeing C. see D. sees6 .aloud "大聲地，出聲地" read aloud 朗讀loudly ”大聲地，吵鬧地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音喧鬧，不悅耳。The boys are talking in the class and it makesthe teacher unhappy. A. aloud B. loudly C. louder D. loud7 .在英語中，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式形式表示目的.譯為“為了”。We have

17、 to study hard to find a good job.(1) to school on time,I need to get up at 6:00 am.A.Gets B.Getting C.To get D.get(2)How kind you are! You always do what you can others.A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help8 . practice doing sth.“練習(xí)做某事”We should practice English as much as possible.A.speak B.speaking

18、C. to speak D.speak in9 . that way=in that way用那種方法 this way=in this way用這種方法Finally I found my uncle that way.10 . It + is+ 形容詞 + (for/of sb ) to do sth. 意為 “做某事對(duì)于某人來說 是的”在此句型中，iL是形式主語，真正的主語是to do sth Q 當(dāng)形容詞是描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的詞如kind,nice,clever,foolish 時(shí)用ofsb,其他大多都用for sb.It was very difficult for me to fi

19、nish the work on time.It ' s kind of you to tell me that.It ' s polite for students hello to teachers.A.to say B.saying C.says D.say11 . a little =a bit =a little bit=kind of 意為 “一點(diǎn)兒； 少許”者B可以用來修飾形容詞/副詞。a little bit quiet. 止匕外，a little 還可以直接 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit須和of連用才可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。The weather here is

20、a little bit hot. a little water=a bit of water一點(diǎn)兒水What is your new friend like? She is shy.A. a bit of B. a lot of C. a little bit D. a kind of12 .Why don' t you do sth?或 Whynot do sth?意為“你為什么不做某事呢？”Whydon' t you buy your mother some flowers?=Why not buy your mother some flowers?13 .finish

21、doing sth“完成做某事”Have you finished cooking?Whynot your teacher for help whenyou can' t finish the story by yourself.A.to ask;write B.to ask;writing C.ask;writing D.asking;towrite.14 .常見的系動(dòng)詞可簡(jiǎn)記為 :一是 be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)二是感覺feel ,三是保持 keep, stay,四是變 become,get,turn ,五是起來 taste 嘗起來，smell 聞起來

22、，look 看起來，sound 聽起來，feel 摸起來 后跟笑(1)I feel to see that my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.A.proud B.angry C.upset D.lonely(2)The cookies good. Could I have some more?A. taste B. smell C. feelD. sound(3)What is the matter with you? You so sad.A.look B.seem to have C.look like D.seem like1

23、5 .祈使句的用法：祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸說、號(hào)召、警告等意思。(1)肯定的祈使句：以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,動(dòng)詞原形前可以加Please,please也可放在旬末。Come and have fun.(2)否定的祈使句：“ Don' t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他” Don t smoke here!(1)late. It ' s your first day to work.A. Don ' t to be B. Don ' t be C. Don ' t D. No(2) draw on the wall.A. Not B. No C. Doesn ' t D

24、. Don ' t16 .祈使句在表示禁止時(shí)，可與含有 mustn' t的句子互換 Don' t smoke here.=You mustn ' t smoke here.17 .記住兩個(gè)表示 “首先” 的詞： at first,first of all(1)at first的意思是“超生 開始”，暗示后來的情況有所變化。其反義詞組是at last 意為“最后，終于”At first I didn ' t want to go,but I soon changed my mind.(2)first of all的意思是“首先,第一"，相當(dāng)于fi

25、rst ,表示順序，是時(shí)間上或一系列行為動(dòng)作的開始，后面往往接next,then等。First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance( 救護(hù)車).(1)If we want to work for our country in the future, we shouldhave strong body and rich knowledge.A.at first B.first of all C.for the first time D.after all(2) ,the

26、Internet was only used by the government.But now its widely used in every field.A.As usual B.At first C.After all D.So far.18 .try to do sth”試圖做某事，盡力做某事”She tried to carry the basket.19 .be patient with sb.“對(duì)某人有耐心”You should learn how to be patient.20 . “the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語，the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語”意為“越,就越”The busie

27、r she is ,the happier she feels.The more you smile,the you will feel.A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily21 .find+it+ 形容詞+(for sb) to do sth 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事對(duì)某人來說什么樣的" L是形式賓語，to do sth是真正的賓語I found it very difficult to learn how to drive.(1)We find necessary to protect the earth.A.it B. this C. t

28、hat D. what(2)My pen pal found it difficult Chinese well.A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned22 .the secret to 的秘訣。 the answer to the question問題的答案the key to the bike自行車鑰匙1 3.so That”如此以致于” so意為“如此”，后接形容詞或副詞， that意為“以致于"，后接句子。sothat常和not enough to及tooto進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Heis too young to go to school.=

29、He isn 't 01d enough to go to school.=He is so young that he can ' t go to school.(1)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(改為同義句)The problem isn ' t for me to work out.(2)She was angry she walked out and closed the door heavily.A.so;that B.too;and C.very;that D.such;that24 .(1

30、)be afraid to do sth=be afraid of doing sth. 意為 “害怕做某事” (2)be afraid of sth 意為“害怕某物" She is afraid of the dog.(1)I ' m afraid out at night alone.A. go B. going C. to go D. goes(2)The student is see the teacher because he a mistake.A. afraid of; has B. afraid to; has madeC. afraid to; make D

31、. afraid of; made25.區(qū)分 because of 和 because(1)because of 其后不接句子。We didn ' t go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain.(2)because 其后接句子.He is late for shool because he gets up late(1)Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot.A. because of B. because C. though D.even if(2) Mary didn't ge

32、t to the party yesterday she didn't feelwell.A. if B. because C. but D. until26 .過去分詞短語可作后置定語，意為“被的”。The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational.a boy called/named Li Lei 一個(gè)被稱作李雷的男孩27 .fall in love with 意為“愛上(某人或某物)”They fell in love with each other after working together for many years.28

33、 .區(qū)分 exciting 和 excitedexciting意為“令人興奮的"，修飾物。He told me the exciting news. The story is exciting.(2)excited 意為“感到興奮的"，修飾人。What are you so excited about? Everyone looked very excited.29 .begin to do sth=begin doing sth. 意為 “開始做某事”She began to cry.30 .區(qū)分 the other,another 和 other(1)the other

34、 指"兩者中的另一個(gè)"，接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。常用短語：onethe other 意為兩者中 ”一個(gè)另一個(gè)”I have two pencils,one is short,the other is long.(2)another泛指三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè),后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。The shirt is too small for me.Show me another one,please.(3)other 意為“其他的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。other students其他的學(xué)生(4)someothers意為泛指 “一些另一些”Some people believe it ,othe

35、rs not.注意：others=other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)He has two sisters. One is a doctor and is a teacher.A. another B. other C. the other D. One(2) Would you like to have cake?No,thanks.I ' ve had two.That ' s enough.A.other B.others C.another D.the other31.although=though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”在一個(gè)句子中，although/thoug

36、h“雖然”和but_ “但是”不能同時(shí)連用，即用了 although/though 就不能用but ,用了 but ,就不能用 although/thoughAlthough/Though he is poor,he is very happy.(1) many children like KFC.I think they ' d better try not to eat it too often.A.Because B.When C.Although D.If(2)he is ill,he goes to school.A. Although, but B. /, / C. Alt

37、hough, / D. But, although(3) The boy can speak both English and Japanese he is only ten.Wow,what a clever boy!A.if B.because C.although D.but32 .help的用法(1)help sb do sth.意為“幫助某人做某事" I can help you learn English.(2)help sb to do sth. 意為“幫助某人做某事"I can help you to learnEnglish.(3)help sb with

38、 sth. 意為“幫助某人做某事”I can help you with (learning) English.Our teacher always helps us our English.A. for B. into C. to D. with33 .區(qū)分 invent 和 discover(1)invent 指客觀上不存在的東西后來被人發(fā)明(2)discover,指發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到某種自然界本來已存在，但以前未被人發(fā)現(xiàn)或認(rèn)識(shí)的事物。Edison invented the electric light.Columbus discovered America on the 12th of Octo

39、ber, 1492.(1)We all know who the telephone.A.find B.found C.discovered D.inventedGilbert(吉爾伯特) electricity and Edison the electric light bulb.A.discovered;invented B.discovered;discoveredC.invented;invented D.invented;discovered34 .形容詞修飾不定代詞的語序是：不定代詞+形容詞。something interesting一些有趣的東西Myhost family tri

40、ed to cook for mewhenl studied in NewZealand.A.different something B.different anythingC.something different D.anything different35 . want “想要” =would like后面接三種形式(1)want sth“想要某物"They want good jobs.(2)want to do sth"想要做某事"I want to go to Hangzhou for myholiday.(3)want sb to do sth.“想

41、要某人做某事”He wants me to go shopping with him.(1)I want them (stay) for dinner with us.(2)They want some green tea. (同義句)They green tea.(3)My brother want a friend of.A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his36 . 100k up ( 在字典，參考書中)查閱;查找.代詞必須放在中間I don ' t know the word.Let ' s

42、 look it up in the dictionary.37 .so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,意為“為了，以便”Please turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.You have to leave now you can catch the early bus.A.so that B.as soon as C.because. D.so-that38 .take notes. 意為“做筆記”。You ' d better take notes in class.39 .memorize 意為“記?。挥洃洝?，相當(dāng)于 rem

43、ember 名詞形式是 memory意為 “記憶，記憶力”She memorized the number of the car.40 .Howoften “多久一次”，對(duì)頻率副詞(often,always,every day,twice a week)提問，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。-How often do you exercise? Once a day.How long “多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”對(duì)for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問,用于現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)。How long have you worked in Beijing?For five years.How soon ”多久以后將”對(duì)in+時(shí)間段提問,

44、用于一般將來時(shí)。 How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week.Howoften "多久次”,對(duì)頻率副詞(often,always,every day,twice a week)提問，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。-How often do you exercise? - Once a day.How long “多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”對(duì)for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問,用于現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)。-How long have you worked in Beijing? -For five years.How soon ”多久以后將”對(duì)in+時(shí)間段提問,用于一般將來時(shí)。

45、How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week.does your cousin go to the gym?Twice a week.A.How long B.How soon C.How oftenSection B1.在英語中，疑問詞+to do形式 如：how to get to the park可以作賓語，相當(dāng)于how I can get to the park(賓語從句)如：I don' t know how to solve the problem.=I don' t know how I can solve the probl

46、em.Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave?背：I don ' t know what to do=I don ' t know what I can do?(1) I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you?I haven ' t decided where.A.go B.went C.going D.to go(2) Which dress do you like best,Madam?Sorry,I

47、can ' t decide now.A.to buy which one B.buy which oneC.which one to buy D.which I should buy it.2 . make mistakes in=make a mistake in ”在方面犯錯(cuò)誤.I used to make mistakes in spelling.3 . keep sth+形容詞意為“保持某物是什么樣的”keep the door open 保持門是開著的(這里的open是形容詞，意為“開著的"，open還是動(dòng)詞，意為“打開”)keep the door closed

48、保持門是關(guān)著的(這里的closed是形容詞，意為“關(guān)著的"，close是動(dòng)詞，意為“關(guān)上”)keep the room clean保持房間是開凈的(這里的clean是形容詞，意為“干 凈的"，clean還是動(dòng)詞，意為“打掃”)4 .get sth+形容詞,意為“使某物是什么樣的” .The work gets everyone tired. get the pronunciation right. 使發(fā)音是正確的。5 .動(dòng)詞不定式常作后置定語，意為"的” 。a good place to eat 吃飯的好地方。something to eat 一些吃的東西 a r

49、oom to live in一個(gè)居住的房間-Why don' t you go out to play,Rose? I' m afraid I can ' t.I have much homework .A.do B.does C.doing D.to do6 .ability to do sth 意為“做某事的能力”He has the ability to speak English fluently.7 . depend on“依賴； 取決于"The price depends on the quality.You can ' t depend

50、on your parents forever.Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? Well,it all the weather.A.belongs to B.happens to C.depends on D.concentrates on8 . if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。主將從現(xiàn)是指： 當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)If you ask him,he will tell you the answer.(2)當(dāng)主句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can,may,must 等時(shí)，從旬用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)You can pass the e

51、xam if you work hard.(3)當(dāng)主句為祈使句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Put up your hands if you have any problems.(1)I ' ll go out for a walk after supper if it rain. A.didn ' t B.won ' t C.isn ' t D.doesn ' t(2)If I find his phone number,I you.A.tell B.told C.will tell D.have told(3)There serious air pollut

52、ion if people use more and more cars.A.will be B.will have C.has D.have(4)Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.A.putting B.to put C.put D.will put9 .區(qū)分 interesting 和 interested (1)interesting 意為“令人感興趣的”，修飾物。 (2)interested 意為“感興趣的”，修飾人。be interested in "對(duì)感興趣”

53、The students in Class Two are interested in this interesting story.I，m in the story.A.interested;interested B.interesting;interestingC.interesting;interested D.eresting10 .active 形容詞，意為“活潑的，積極的”。常用短語take an active part in_ "積極參加”Although he is over 80,he is still very active.We al

54、l take an active part in the sports meeting.11 .pay attention to doing 意為“注意做某事”，多指要留心、注意比較特殊的東西或事物。Please pay attention what he said.A. for B. of C. in D. to12 .connect with"把和連接或聯(lián)系起來”Please don ' t connect this thing with that one.A railway connects Beijing with Shanghai.13 .(1)sb need to

55、 do sth.“某人需要做某事”You need to take good care of your mother.(2)sth need doing sth.“某事需要被做" My flowers need watering.(1)You need(add) some red sugar to the soup.(2)The bike is broken,it need .(repair)14 .以must開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn' t或don' t have to 。Must I go home now?Yes,you must

56、/No,you needn ' t/No,you don ' t have toMust I be in hospital for a week,Doctor?No,you.You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustn' t B. needn ' t C. must15 .區(qū)分 boring 和 bored(1)boring 意為“令人厭煩的”,修飾物This is a boring film.(2)bored 意為“感到厭煩的”,修飾人 She is bored with her job.16 .think about doing

57、 sth. 意為“考慮做某事”He is thinking about going to Beijing for vacation.think over”仔名田考慮“Let me think it over.17 .與good相關(guān)的常見搭配(1)be good at 意為 “擅長(zhǎng)” =do well in I am good at math.=I do wellin math.(2)be good for 意為 “對(duì)一有益”反義詞組是 be bad for "對(duì)有害處”Swimming is good for our health.(3)be good to 意為 “對(duì)好”=be f

58、riendly to sb=be kind to sbShe is good to us.Miss Readis good music. Shecan be good with children in the musicclub.A.at, B.with C.for D.to18 .even if=even though 意為“即使，盡管"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Even if you work till midnight,you won' t finish it.19 .unless 意為“如果不；除非”。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if not You will fail unless you work hard.(1)A tourist will