定語(yǔ)從句專題講解課件

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句The Attributive Clause I like quiet music.I like music that is quiet.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句1. 什么是定語(yǔ)從句？什么是定語(yǔ)從句？2. 什么是先行詞？什么是先行詞？3. 什么是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？如何確定？什么是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？如何確定？4. 如何把兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句？如何把兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句？IknowLearn to discover定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)句子兩個(gè)句子兩個(gè)詞兩個(gè)詞主主句句從句從句？1.Iknowagirl2.wholikesred.Jimreadsbooks whicharefu

2、n.主句主句 從從句句完整的句子是主句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是從句不完整的句子是從句3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?兩個(gè)詞兩個(gè)詞先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞whowhichthat 在在復(fù)合句復(fù)合句中修飾某一中修飾某一名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句叫的從句叫定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句。從句。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句先行詞：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。 定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞后面。而漢語(yǔ)中而漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)則放在被修飾詞之前的定語(yǔ)則

3、放在被修飾詞之前關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose)和和 關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞（when, where, why)。關(guān)系代詞在從關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分，關(guān)系副詞句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在句中作狀語(yǔ)。Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who is beautiful.形容詞作定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ),修飾修飾girl, 叫做叫做定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句I like m

4、usic that / which I can dance to.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her. Learntothink關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞先行詞決定決定先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞人人物物人和物人和物whowhichthatthatthatwhom賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并為一個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子M

5、ary is a girl who has long hair.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 an apple I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friends who like sports. 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 friends I like the movie. The movie is exciting.I like the movie that is exciting .that 修飾先行詞修

6、飾先行詞movieThe woman who lives next door is a teacher. The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door.who修飾先行詞修飾先行詞womanMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the

7、 picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that,which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示是表示物物的的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，關(guān)系，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用代詞應(yīng)用that、whic

8、h.(作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.which/that作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ).(不能省不能省)（作主語(yǔ)）（作主語(yǔ)）which/that作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：（可省略）可省

9、略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.ShewrotetheletterstomeIstillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.()（作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓語(yǔ)）()2.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who,that,whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從句:如果如

10、果先行詞先行詞是表示是表示人人的名詞或代詞，的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who,that(作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))whom(作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))who/that作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ).(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)) TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy./thatPractise:who/whom/th

11、at作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)） Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Practise:小結(jié)：1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，

12、可以省略。2).which指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略.3).who指指人人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句從句的的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由由先行詞先行詞定。定。 定語(yǔ)從句的用法定語(yǔ)從句的用法: :當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是物物時(shí)時(shí), , 用用which 或或that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). .These are the trees which were planted last year.當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是人人時(shí)時(shí), , 用用who, whom, whose

13、, that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別用法區(qū)別.who 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的主主語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)或賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ). The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)Whom 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit

14、 the woman.分解分解作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)whose 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ). I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)that 可以作定語(yǔ)從句的可以作定語(yǔ)從句的主主語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)和賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ).注意注意: : 關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.有時(shí)有時(shí)只能用只能用that,不不用用which,常見的情

15、況有六種：常見的情況有六種： 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或或被它們修飾被它們修飾時(shí)。時(shí)。1).ThatsallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.當(dāng)先行詞有當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonl

16、y,thesame等修等修飾時(shí)。飾時(shí)。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.5.先行詞同時(shí)包括先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Wh

17、ichisthepenthatyoulost?4.當(dāng)主句以當(dāng)主句以who或或which開頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句開頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系詞用用that,而而不用不用which或或who.關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用which不用不用that情況情況1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。2.先行詞本身是先行詞本身是that.whose作作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.【巧學(xué)妙記巧學(xué)妙記】定語(yǔ)從句的用法定語(yǔ)從句的用法主句

18、型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句緊跟先行詞，關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。從句緊跟先行詞，關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物which當(dāng)先用。當(dāng)先用。關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用that，定人定物有本領(lǐng)。，定人定物有本領(lǐng)。when用來(lái)定時(shí)間，用來(lái)定時(shí)間，where用來(lái)定地點(diǎn)。用來(lái)定地點(diǎn)。關(guān)系代詞作成分，唯作賓語(yǔ)可省略。關(guān)系代詞作成分，唯作賓語(yǔ)可省略。Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空用關(guān)系代詞填空 The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yest

19、erday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived

20、 for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatt

21、hat當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當(dāng)主句是who或

22、或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat先行詞先行詞1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.先行詞先行詞2.Jimreadsbookswhich_(be)fun.先行詞先行詞3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?先行詞先行詞決定決定關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式likes areare定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致The mp4 that _ been given to me is home-made. (

23、 have)I, who _ your classmate, will share the work with you. ( be )關(guān)系代詞做從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞做從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句從句的的謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致保持一致，先行，先行詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。式。Learntopractice1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.2.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.areis【注意注意】He is one of the st

24、udents who _ made great progress.Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who _ been invited to have dinner with us. (have)one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，從句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。但若形式。但若one前有前有 the （only） the（ just） the （very）修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式形式1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical

25、music.who/that3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.which/thatwhose4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too

26、 difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a fo

27、otball player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the tow

28、n.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat10.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball .11. The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu .12. The runner _ you are asking about is over there .13 .The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom .14. The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a hotel .15. The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed . 16. The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in the city 17. Th