規(guī)則特殊清一色虛擬語氣輕松學(xué)

1、規(guī)則特殊清一色，虛擬語氣輕松學(xué)虛擬語氣是高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的一大難點(diǎn)，也是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)之一。筆者將其常見用法歸納成七個(gè)字“規(guī)則特殊清一色”，以幫助同學(xué)們愉快學(xué)習(xí)，輕松掌握。一、規(guī)則在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，主從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式的構(gòu)成是規(guī)則，要牢記。1、表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況：條件從句用一般過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞一般用were），主句用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.【答案】had。 根據(jù)

2、I am too busy now可知是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，所以條件從句用一般過去時(shí)。2、表示與過去相反的情況：條件從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/might/should have+動(dòng)詞-ed形式。例如：If Mr. Dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 【答案】had had。根據(jù)主句中的would have offered可知是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬，條件從句用過去完成時(shí)。3、表示與將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況：條件從句用一般過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞一

3、般用were）或were to + 動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.【答案】。were to live/ should live/lived。句意：Grace不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住在那里，她將不能見到父母。根據(jù)句意可知是與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬。熱點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣在

4、if條件句中的運(yùn)用是高頻考點(diǎn)，考生一定要準(zhǔn)確把握從句中的動(dòng)詞形式。二、 特殊1、在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，有下列特殊情況： 混合條件：有時(shí)條件從句和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。例如：The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things _(be) much better now! 【答案】would be 。句意：要是當(dāng)時(shí)下雨了，現(xiàn)在的情況就好的多了！ 從句動(dòng)作指過去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在。 含蓄條件：是指非真實(shí)條件句中的條件句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出

5、來，只暗含在上下文中，常用介詞without, but for, 或連詞 otherwise, or , or else ,but等暗示。例如：1) I_ (go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 【答案】couldnt have gone。句意：沒有你的慷慨幫忙，我不可能熬過那段痛苦的日子。由 without your generous help可知，此處表示與過去相反的虛擬語氣。2) We _ (put) Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his rece

6、nt injury. 【答案】would have put。句意：要不是約翰最近受傷了，我們昨天就把他的名字填在比賽名單里了。根據(jù)句中的yesterday和 but for可知，此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反虛擬語氣。3) We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ (visit) more places of interest yesterday. 【答案】would have visited。句意：在那個(gè)小村莊我們迷路了，否則昨天我們會(huì)參觀更多的名勝。句中的otherwise隱含條件句If we hadnt lost our way。

7、熱點(diǎn)：含蓄條件也是高頻考點(diǎn)，我們要重點(diǎn)掌握。另外 but之前的句子往往是虛擬，but 之后的句子常常是事實(shí)。再如：We _ (face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?【答案】could have faced 。句意：“我們本來能夠一起共同面對(duì)困難，但是你為什么不告訴我呢？”。but之后的事情（告訴我）是發(fā)生在過去的事實(shí)，but之前的事情（面對(duì)困難）是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。 省略倒裝：當(dāng)if條件句中有were, should 及助動(dòng)詞had時(shí)， 可以省略if，把were, should 及had提前，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。例如：H

8、ad he caught the morning train, he_ (not be) late for the meeting.【答案】would not have been。Had he caught為If he had caught的省略和倒裝，表示與過去相反的情況。2、wish等動(dòng)詞或短語引導(dǎo)的句子中有四個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語wish, would rather , as if 引導(dǎo)的從句或 if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，謂語動(dòng)詞形式：表示的動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在的情況，動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞一般用were）；表示的動(dòng)作指過去的情況，動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；表示的動(dòng)作指將來的情況，動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)。例如：

9、George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ (focus) more on its culture.【答案】focused。句意：?jiǎn)讨未蛩阏務(wù)撍膰?guó)家的地理，但我寧愿他更多的把焦點(diǎn)集中在文化上。would rather后應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，而此處“把焦點(diǎn)集中在文化上”是指現(xiàn)在的情況，所以用focused。Dont handle the vase as if it_ (be) made of steel.【答案】were。句意：不要拿著這個(gè)花瓶好像它是由鋼鐵制成的那樣。根據(jù)句意， as i

10、f從句是表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣，所以動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞一般用were）。3、固定句型：Its (high/about) that，從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或should do形式，但should 不能省略。Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ (do) something instead of just talking. 【答案】did/ should do。句意：杰克副詞善談，他是該做點(diǎn)實(shí)事，而不再只是空談了。三、清一色在表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令的動(dòng)詞或名詞后的從句中以及important, necessary, strange，n

11、atural等形容詞后的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞一律should do形式， should可以省略。 Teachers recommend parents _ (not allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 【答案】 not allow/ should not allow。recommend表示“建議”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句動(dòng)詞用should do形式，should可以省略。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)用上適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。1. _(be) there no modern telecom

12、munications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 2. If my car _(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.3. I _(come) sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. 4. Maybe if I (study) science, and not literature then, I w

13、ould be able to give you more help. 5. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_ (save). 6. But for their help，we ( not finish) the program in time. 7. The doctor recommended that you _( not swim) after eating a large meal. 8. This printer is of good quality. _ it _ (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.9. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ (follow) your advice.10. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they ( not be)a