COPD相關英文詞匯

1、COPD相關英文詞匯小結7 / 71.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾病2.airflow limitation氣道受限3. noxious particles or gases有害物質或氣體4. chronic bronchitis慢性支氣管炎5. emphysema肺氣腫6. excess mucussecretion粘液過度分泌7. bronchial tree支氣管樹8. airspaces distal氣道遠端9. terminal bronchioles細支氣管末端10. CD8 + lymphocytesCD8+淋巴細胞11

2、. tumor necrosis factor-腫瘤壞死因子12. interleukin-8白介素813.leukotriene B4白三烯B414. pulmonary vasculature肺血管15. lung parenchyma肺實質17. proteases 蛋白酶18.antiproteases抗蛋白酶19. 1 -antitrypsin (AAT) 1 -抗胰蛋白酶20. neutrophil elastase中性粒細胞彈性蛋白酶21. goblet cells杯狀細胞22. mucus glands粘液腺23. ciliary motility纖毛運動24. small p

3、eripheral airways外周小氣道25. scarring and fibrosis結痂與纖維化26. centrilobular emphysema小葉中心肺氣腫27. Panlobular emphysema全小葉型肺氣腫，彌漫性阻塞性肺氣腫28. respiratory bronchioles細支氣管29. alveolar ducts肺泡管30.alveolar sacs肺泡囊31. pulmonary arteries肺動脈32. cor pulmonale肺心病33. sputum production咳痰34. cyanosis of mucosal membranes

4、粘膜蒼白35. barrelchest桶狀胸36. resting respiratoryrate靜息呼吸頻率37. shallow breathing淺呼吸38. pursing of the lips during expiration縮唇呼氣39. accessory respiratory muscles輔助呼吸肌40. COPD exacerbationCOPD急性加重41. worsening dyspnea呼吸困難加重42.increase in sputum volume咳痰量增加43.increase in sputum purulence膿痰44. chest tightn

5、ess胸部緊迫感45.increased need for bronchodilators支氣管擴劑需求增加46. malaise萎靡不振46.fatigue疲憊47.decreasedexercise tolerance運動耐量下降48. SPIROMETRY肺功能檢查49. forced expiratory volumeafter1 second(FEV1)一秒用力呼氣容積50. forced vital capacity (FVC)用力肺活量51. postbronchodilator FEV 1支氣管擴劑應用后FEV152. arterial blood gases (ABG)動脈血

6、氣53. inhaled medications吸入藥物54. stable COPDCOPD穩(wěn)定器55. Medication selection藥物選擇56. patient adherence患者依從性57.individual response個體藥物反應58.side effects副作用59. used as needed按需使用60.on a scheduled basis常規(guī)使用61. added in a stepwise manner逐步加量62. dyspnea呼吸困難63.increase exercise capacity提高運動能力64.decrease air t

7、rapping降低氣體潴留65. intermittent symptoms間斷癥狀66.Sympathomimetics擬交感藥物67. 2 -Selective sympathomimetics2受體選擇性激動劑68. relaxation of bronchial smoothmuscle松弛支氣管平滑肌69.bronchodilation支氣管擴70.adenyl cyclaseAMP環(huán)化酶71.cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP72.mucociliary clearance粘膜纖毛清除73. metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

8、定量吸入劑74.dry-powder inhaler干粉吸入劑75. nebulization therapy霧化吸入76.Albuterol沙丁胺醇77. levalbuterol左旋沙丁胺醇78. bitolterol比托特羅79. pirbuterol吡布特羅80.terbutaline特布他林81.greater 2 selectivity2受體選擇性更強82. longer durations of action作用時間更長83. inhalation route 吸入途徑84.oral routes口服途徑85.parenteral routes腸外途徑86. acute reli

9、ef of symptoms緩解急性癥狀87. short-acting 2 -agonists短效2受體激動劑（SABA）88.Salmeterol 沙美特羅89. formoterol福莫特羅90.arformoterol阿福特羅91.long acting 2 -agonists長效2受體激動劑（LABA）92. persistent symptoms持續(xù)癥狀93. reductions in exacerbation frequency降低急性發(fā)作頻率94.Anticholinergics抗膽堿能藥物95.acetylcholine乙酰膽堿96.cyclic guanosine mon

10、ophosphatecGMP97.constrict bronchial smooth muscle收縮支氣管平滑肌98.Ipratropium bromide異丙托溴銨99.short-acting anticholinergic agent，SAMA短效抗膽堿能抑制劑100. slower onset of action起效慢101. two puffsfour times daily一次兩锨，一日四次102. upward titration劑量上調103. 24 puffs/day24锨/日104. solution for nebulization霧化吸入溶液105. dry mou

11、th口干106. nausea惡心107. metallic taste金屬味道108. anticholinergic side effects抗膽堿能副作用109. blurred vision視物不清110.urinary retention尿潴留111. tachycardia心動過緩112.Tiotropium bromide噻托溴銨113.HandiHaler噻托溴銨的干粉噴霧劑114. a single-load, dry-powder, breath-actuated device單次裝量呼吸干粉吸入器115.albuterol and ipratropium (Combive

12、nt )沙丁胺醇、異丙托溴銨合劑116.Methylxanthines甲基黃嘌呤類117. Theophylline茶堿118. aminophylline氨茶堿119. inhibitionof phosphodiesterase抑制磷酸二酯酶119. Nonpulmonary benefits 肺外獲益120.improved cardiac function 心功能改善121.decreased pulmonary artery pressure肺動脈壓力下降122. interpatient variability個體差異123. objectivemeasurements客觀指標12

13、4. Subjective parameters主觀指標125. Sustained-release theophylline preparations茶堿緩釋制劑126. rapid-releasetheophylline茶堿速釋制劑127. consistent serum concentrations血藥濃度平穩(wěn)128. switching from A to B 換藥129.titrated upward緩慢加量130. trough serum concentrations.谷濃度131.therapeutic range治療濃度圍132. minimize the likeliho

14、od of toxicity減少毒性發(fā)生133.arrhythmias心率失常134. seizures癲癇發(fā)作135. cimetidine西咪替丁136.macrolides大環(huán)酯類137.fluoroquinolone 氟喹諾酮類138.hypoxemia低氧血癥136. hyperthyroidism甲亢137.phenytoin苯妥英138. phenobarbital苯巴比妥139.rifampin利福平140.capillary permeability毛細血管通透性141.decrease mucus降低粘液分泌142. inhibition of release of pro

15、teolytic enzymes fromleukocytes抑制白細胞釋放蛋白酶143.inhibition of prostaglandins抑制前列腺素144.hoarseness聲音嘶啞145.sore throat嗓子疼146.oral candidiasis口腔念珠菌147. skin bruising皮膚淤青148.adrenal suppression腎上腺功能抑制149. osteoporosis骨質疏松150.cataract formation白障151.salmeterol plus fluticasone沙美特羅聯(lián)合氟替卡松152.formoterol plus bu

16、desonide福莫特羅聯(lián)合布地奈德153.prevention of hospitalization避免入院治療154.reduction in length of hospital stay減少住院日155. preventionof acute respiratory failure and death避免急性呼吸衰竭和死亡156.resolution of symptoms緩解癥狀157.hold their breath after actuation of an MDI應用定量吸入劑后屏氣158.prednisone潑尼松159.a tapering oral schedule逐漸

17、減量口服治療方案160.hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axissuppression下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸抑制161.increased dyspnea呼吸困難加重162. increasedsputum volume痰量增加163.increased sputum purulence膿痰增加164.SputumGram stain and culture痰染色劑培養(yǎng)165.chronicbacterial colonization長期細菌定植166.empiric antimicrobial therapy經(jīng)驗性抗菌藥物治療167.Haemophilus in

18、fluenza流感嗜血桿菌168. Moraxella catarrhalis卡莫拉菌169. Streptococcuspneumoniae 肺炎鏈球菌170.H. parainfluenzae副流感病毒171.azithromycin 阿奇霉素172.clarithromycin克拉霉素173 second- or third-generationcephalosporin二、三代頭孢菌素174.doxycycline多西環(huán)素175.Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole磺胺甲惡唑176.Amoxicillin阿莫西林176.first-generation cephalosporins一代頭孢菌素177.Erythromycin紅霉素178.drug-resistant pneumococci耐藥的肺炎球菌179.-lactamase-pro