情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊用法大集合

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊用法大集合情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除了基本的用法以外還有許多特殊之處，最基本的用法讀者可以結(jié)合自己的語法書籍來適當(dāng)復(fù)習(xí)，這兒就不贅述，主要略列一些特殊用法，希望對(duì)各位英語愛好者有所幫助。1. can 禾口 couldCan和could可以表示某人或某物一時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，可以翻譯為 有可能，有時(shí)會(huì) ”It can be very warm in this area。這個(gè)地區(qū)有時(shí)可能非常暖和He can be very frien dly at times 。他有時(shí)會(huì)非常友好。can表示能力時(shí)（即有某種知識(shí)和技能而能辦到），可以與be able to換用。但是在將來時(shí)和完成時(shí)中必須用be able to ;

2、表示經(jīng)過努力而成功地辦到了某個(gè)具體的事情時(shí)，只能用be able to ,不可以用can。這種用法的 be able to 相當(dāng)于 succeed in 或 man ageto。另外：can not 比 cannot 更強(qiáng)調(diào) 。Can you type ?= Are you able to type ?I am sure we shall be able to get you a jop soon。（不能用 can）He has been able to finish the work on time。（不可用 can）After years of hard work he was able

3、to win the prize 。（不可以用 could）He couldt climb the moun ta in 。（沒有能力爬，因而也沒有爬）He was not able to climb the mou ntai n。（嘗試爬過，但是沒能爬上去）另外： be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)能力，通常表示一次性的事件，一般不表示經(jīng)常性的事件。I was able to pass the exam in ati on 。（= I succeeded in pass ing the exam in ati on 。） 我能考試及格。（考試及格了）After studying that you wi

4、ll be able to sovle these mathematics problems 。學(xué)習(xí)完這個(gè)方法后，你能夠解這些數(shù)學(xué)題了。 在否定句結(jié)構(gòu)中，be able to指暫時(shí)的情況，而can可以指經(jīng)常的情況。He is not able to swim today。他今天不能游泳。He cant swim at all。他根本不會(huì)游泳。I shall not be able to go to school tomorrow 。我明天不能上學(xué)了。 在表示 經(jīng)過嘗試或努力為能做到 的意思時(shí)，一般不用be able to。如對(duì) Were you able to find the pen ?做否

5、定回答應(yīng)該用：No, I could nt （find it ）。不能說：No ,1 was nt able to find it 。 could可以用來表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作的完成，而was able to卻沒有這種用法。I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago , I cant do that now 。二十年前，我能在后面跑著追上公共汽車，現(xiàn)在不行了。 cannot / cant 與 too / over （- ） / eno ugh / perfectly / sufficie ntly 等詞連用，意思是越越”無論怎樣也不為

6、過”、決不會(huì)夠（過）”。You cant praise him too much。你無論怎樣稱贊他都不過分。You cannot be over careful。你越細(xì)心越好。I cant thank youenough。我對(duì)你感激不盡。This point cannot be overemphasized。這一點(diǎn)無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不過分。注釋： cant / cannot too / eno ugh 等中的 not ,也可以用 n ever / hardly / scarcely等代替。There can never be too much deception in war。兵不厭詐。We ca

7、n hardly/scarecely pay too high a price for liberation .為了解放，我們無論付出多高的代價(jià)也不為過。cant / cann ot too / e等勵(lì)的附加疑問句的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式can,不用cant。You cant praise him too much , can you ?你無論怎樣贊揚(yáng)他都不為過，對(duì)吧？You cannot be too careful ,ca n you ? 你再小心也不為過，對(duì)吧？“ cannot wait不定式意思是“ be eager to急于做”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的肯定意思。I cannot wait to read

8、 the book。我非?？释x這本書。He couldn t wait to see he他渴望見到她。練習(xí)題：?Please remi nd your gra ndpato take medici ne on time , for a man of hisagebe very forgetful 。A. should B。 must C。shallD。can?You cannot becareful whe n you drive a car .A.very B.so C.tooD.eno ugh?The car broke down on the way ,but weget out o

9、f the desert at last.A.might B.would C.were able to D.could2. must有一種含義：偏要”硬要”。表示說話人對(duì)句子主語 所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或行為是 不希望的、不滿的甚至是生氣的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人稱時(shí)，常常含有諷刺挖苦的意思：Why must you be so stubborn （固執(zhí)）？He must come and worry her with questions , just when she was busy cooking the dinner 。If you must smoke , at least

10、 you could use an ashtray （煙灰缸）。00As I was sitting down to lunch, the electric bell must ring 。Why must you be so late ?你為何 非要這么晚來呢 ？練習(xí)題：?Whyyou always in terrupt me?A。can B。will C 。may D。 must?Naturally , after I told her what to do , my daughtergo and do the opposite !A 。 may B。 can C。 must D。 sho

11、uld另：have to多表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或客觀條件索引出的義務(wù) ;而must則用于表示一種重要或 急迫的事情：We have to care for the young 。 （義務(wù)）She has to be at the office before 8 every day 。 （習(xí)慣）You must go to the manager at once ， or you ll be diamissed 。 （急迫的事情）通常have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需求，表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而不得不作某事；must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，表示主觀上認(rèn)為有必要做謀事。I must learn another Iangua

12、ge。（主觀想法：I want to ）I have to learn another Ianguage。（客觀需求：身為一個(gè)外交官）但是must可以表示客觀必然性，意思為必然（會(huì)），總是會(huì)”，而have to則不可以這樣用。All men must die。人固有一死。Competition must happen 。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)總會(huì)發(fā)生。Truth must be out。真相總會(huì)大白。Win ter must be followed by spri ng。冬天至U了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？There must be a day for revenge?？傆袌?bào)仇的那一天。對(duì)must所在句子變反意疑問句時(shí)應(yīng)

13、注意以下習(xí)慣搭配:must作 必須解時(shí)，反意疑問句中重復(fù)must 。All the childre n must respect their pare nts孩子必須尊敬父母，對(duì)嗎？，mustn t theymust作 有必要”解時(shí)，反意疑問句中用n eed 。We must tell her the truth ， needn t we我們現(xiàn)在有必要告訴她實(shí)情，對(duì)嗎?“must be表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問句用 be的適當(dāng)形式。You must be thirsty ， aren t you 你一定渴了，是嗎？“must have done表示推測(cè)時(shí)，附加疑問句一般用have或has，但是有明確

14、表示過去的時(shí)間壯語（before除外）時(shí)，反意疑問句用過去時(shí)態(tài)。He must have finished the work ， hasn t heHe must have gone abroad last week ， didn he ？You must have been tould about it that day ，weren you ？may 。mustn t表示禁止，不允許時(shí)，反意疑問句一般用The childre n must n也可以用must。We mustn t be late must / may ?我們不可以遲到，對(duì)嗎？ must用于表示詢問對(duì)方意向時(shí)，反意疑問句部分

15、的動(dòng)詞可以與前面陳述句部分的動(dòng)詞不 一致。You must come tomorrow ， will you ？練習(xí)題：? You mustn t tell it to your morther，？A . must you B . do you C . need you D. will you?-The students must hand in their term papers in a week , ?No , they。A . needn t they mustn t B . mustn t they mustn tC. mustn t they needn t D . shouldn

16、 t they should3. used to 的意思是 過去常常 ”，已經(jīng)含有 always , often , sometimes , from time to time 等意思，但是它卻可以和它們連用。He always used to / used always to come by bus 。 他過去總是坐公共汽車來。He ofte n used to work late at night 。他過去經(jīng)常工作到深夜。She always used to get up at four oclock in the morning 。她過去總是早晨 4 點(diǎn)起床。但是used to不可以與表

17、示具體次數(shù)或一段時(shí)間（即特定的時(shí)間段）的詞語連用。He went to abroad three times 。He lived in the coun tryside for three years 。但是可以和過去確定的時(shí)間壯語連用。He used to live here in 1995。He used to be devoted to her whe n she was a little girl 。In those days we used to live in the country 。另：would和used to的區(qū)別如下：兩者都可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。但是would只強(qiáng)調(diào)過

18、去特定情況下的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（由動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示），單純的過去和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)；而 used to即可以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（由動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示），也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)（由靜態(tài)東此表示），且與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)比，即可表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，也可表示過去重復(fù)的行為。I used to have an old car。過去我有一輛舊轎車。I did nt use to like opera , but now rm gett ing in terested 。我過去不喜歡歌劇，但現(xiàn)在逐漸有了興趣。上面兩句話的動(dòng)詞均是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，說明過去的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)，不能用would代替used to。注：woud和used to 一樣，都不

19、可用來表示發(fā)生的次數(shù)，也不能與表示一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段 的狀語連用。He went to Lomdon three times when he was a child . 他還是孩子時(shí)，去過倫敦三次。但是 would 可以禾口 sometimes/now and then/from time to time 等詞組（表示過去有時(shí)或偶 爾的時(shí)間狀語）連用。She would sit there for hours sometimes ,do ing no thi ng at all .他有時(shí)一連坐好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，什么事情也不干。練習(xí)題：When he was there ,hego to that co

20、ffee shop at the corner after work every day .A.would B.should C.had better D.might4. shall可以用在第二、三人稱，要重讀，不可以縮寫，表示說話人的意圖、意志、允諾、命令、命運(yùn)或必然結(jié)果等；在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務(wù)、規(guī)定等。You shall have a lot of money .（意圖/允諾）你會(huì)有很多錢的。Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling. （規(guī)定）旅游時(shí)每個(gè)市民務(wù)必帶上身份證。You sh

21、all arrive there before sun set .（命令）你們要在日落前到達(dá)那兒。If you dont behave yourself ,you shall be punidhed .（威脅）如果你行為不軌的話，你會(huì)受到懲罰的。The task shall be fini shed by Sun day .（允諾）任務(wù)會(huì)在星期天前完成的。He shall get what he deserves .（警告）他會(huì)得到他應(yīng)該得到的。Death is certain to all;all shall die .（命運(yùn)）死必臨萬物；萬物皆必死。Better days shall so

22、on follow .（預(yù)言）好日子不久會(huì)來到。The time shall come when they shall be avenged .（ 意志）為他們伸冤的時(shí)候會(huì)來的。Who touches pitch shall be defiled .（必然結(jié)果）玩火者必自焚。POWs shall not be ill-treated .（法律用語）戰(zhàn)俘不得受虐待。The new regulation shall take effect on May the first .（規(guī)定）新章程自五月一日起實(shí)施。練習(xí)題：?It has bee n announced that candidatesrem

23、a in in their seats un til all the papers havebee ncollected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall?Have nt I told you already that youhave my an swer tomorrow morning ?A. willB.shallC.shouldD.would?Nobodythrow away rubbish everywhere !A.ca nB.n eedC.shallD.must5. will表示意愿或固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持。用于非人主語時(shí)，表示固有性質(zhì)，傾向。She wont lend m

24、e the mo ney .她不愿把錢借給我。He is the man who will go his own way. 他是一個(gè)自行其事的人。The window wont open .窗子打不開。The door wont shut .門關(guān)不上了。在含有if從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示的是一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)，不能用will或would ,而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)來代替。If you dont come here , I will go to find you .但是will可以用在if從句中表示各種 愿望”包括 請(qǐng)求，意愿，拒絕，同意，允許，能 夠，堅(jiān)持，選

25、擇，計(jì)劃”等。If you will come into the hall ,the meeting will begin soon.請(qǐng)求）請(qǐng)到大廳里來，會(huì)議馬上開始了If you will make ano ther try ,I shall do everyth ing possible to help you .（意愿）如果你愿意再試一次的話，我愿近一切可能幫助你。If he wiont go with you ,I shall ask somebody else .（拒絕）如果他不肯同你一起去的話，我將另找人。If you wll agree with me ,I shall tell

26、 you everyth ing about it .（同意）如果你同意我的觀點(diǎn)，我將把一切都告訴你。If you will come late aga in ,I shall let you in .（允諾）如果你答應(yīng)不再遲到，我就讓你進(jìn)去。If anyone will find a cure to the disease ,it will be a win der .（能夠）如果有人能夠治好這種病，那將是一個(gè)奇跡。If you will do it like that ,you will fail.（堅(jiān)持）堅(jiān)持那樣做，你就會(huì)失敗。If you will buy bread ,I shall

27、 buy beer .（選擇）如果你買面包，我就買啤酒。If you wont lend money to him,please let me know.（計(jì)劃）如果你不打算借錢給他，讓我知道。另：下面句子中的 will表示 難免”Accidents will happen.事故難免會(huì)發(fā)生。Boys will be boys .男孩子總是男孩子。will可以用來表示某些根據(jù)自然規(guī)律必定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情，并且此時(shí)可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來 代替它。Oil will float on water .油能在水上漂流。If the pure water is heated to 100 C , it will b

28、6il（可以用 boils）.如果純凈的水加熱至100 c，它就會(huì)沸騰。Stainless steel will not rust .不銹鋼是不會(huì)生銹的。Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮濕，就劃不著。練習(xí)題：?0n ly in summer.A.will the ice melt B.the ice will melt C.the ice can melt D.the ice melts?If youwait a moment ,I ll go to see if Mr.Johns is free .A.shall B.will C.

29、wouldD.n eed6. need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)主要用在否定句和疑問句中，但是也可以用在用條件的肯定句中，這個(gè)條件是：肯定句中必須含有某些含某種否定含義的詞語，例如only ,but ,all,before等或者說句子中暗含某種否定含義。One n eed only con sider the facts .否定含義是：只需考慮這些事實(shí)，不必去做別的事。He n eed do it but once .否定含義是：他不必做兩次以上。All he n eed do is state his opinion clearly.否定含義是：只要清楚地陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)，他不必做任何事。練習(xí)題：To b

30、ecome a member of the civic associati on ,one n eed only atte nd three meeti ngs ,andhis fees regularly.A. pay B.to pay C.pay ing D.paid didnt need to 和 neednt have done 的區(qū)別：前者表示沒有必要做實(shí)際上也沒有做某事，后者表示做了不該做的事情。They did nt need to come here.他們不必來這兒（實(shí)際也沒來）。They need nt have come here.他們本來不必來這兒（但是實(shí)際來了）They

31、 did not need to arrive so early .他們不必很早至U達(dá)。She was too n ervous to reply ,but fortun ately she did not n eed to say nothing .她緊張的無法答話，但是幸運(yùn)的是她什么也不需要說。You need nt have told them that .你本不必把這件事情告訴他們。練習(xí)題： Yousuch a long essay ,the teacher only asked for 300 words ,and you havewritten 600 words .A.must

32、nt have writte n B.n eed nt have writte nC.dd nt have to write D.did nn eed to write Youall those calculati ons !We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A.must nt have done B.must not have doneC.shouldn t have done D.can not have done7. may / might well +動(dòng)詞原形或 may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形May /might

33、 well +動(dòng)詞原形意思為理應(yīng)，有足夠的理由”；may / might as well +動(dòng)詞原形意思為 還不如，不妨，還是 的好”表示某人應(yīng)該做某事，因?yàn)闆]有更好的事、沒有更 有趣的事或沒有更有用處的事可以做。May as well可能比might as well更加肯定一點(diǎn)。He may well be proud of his son .他大可以他的兒子為榮。She may well say so .她說的對(duì)。(有足夠的理由 這樣說)It is very late ,so you may / might as well go to bed . 夜深了， 不妨 去睡吧 。We may /

34、 might as well have something to eat .我們 還不女口 吃點(diǎn)東西。You may / might as well repeat the experiment .你還是把這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)重做一遍為 好。注： may / might (as) well 的否定式是 may / might ( as) well + not .練習(xí)題： Since she is angry , weher alone .A.had better leavi ng B.should leave C.might as well leave D.had rather leave8. should可以表示估計(jì)或推測(cè)上的應(yīng)該,還可以翻譯成 可能，該，估計(jì)，按理應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)鹊?。The