爬墻機(jī)器人外文翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上The development trend of the robot1. Preface:Climbing robot is an important branch in the field of mobile robot, flexible mobile on vertical wall, replace artificial under the condition of the limit to complete various tasks, is one of the hotspot in research of the robot. It is mainly

2、used in the nuclear industry, petrochemical industry, shipbuilding, fire departments and investigation activities, such as the building external wall cleaning, material storage tank in petrochemical enterprise testing and maintenance, the outer wall of large steel plate spray paint, and in building

3、accident rescue and relief, etc., and achieved good social benefits and economic benefits, has wide development prospects.After 30 years of development, the field of robot which has emerged a large number of fruitful results, especially since the 1990 s, especially rapid development in the field of

4、climbing robot at home and abroad. In recent years, due to the development of a variety of new technology, the robot which solved many technical challenges, greatly promote the development of the climbing robot. The robot design activities of universities in our country also has a wide development,

5、this kind of atmosphere for our robot research and development of special and professional talents' cultivation is of positive significance.2. Climbing robot research status abroad1966 Japanese professor west light wall mobile robot prototype is developed for the first time, and performance succ

6、ess in Osaka prefecture university. This is a kind of rely on negative pressure adsorption climbing robot. Then appeared various types of climbing robot, has already begun to the late 80 s application in the production. Japan's most rapid development in the development of climbing robot, mainly

7、used in the construction industry and nuclear industry. Such as: Japan shimizu construction company has developed with the outer wall of the building industry coating with ceramic tile of the robot, they developed by negative pressure adsorption cleaning climbing robot, on the surface of the glass f

8、or the Canadian embassy to clean. Tokyo university of technology development of the wireless remote control magnetic adsorption climbing robot. In Japan's miti "limit homework robot" national research projects, supported by day CDH, developed a large pot of negative pressure adsorption

9、 surface inspection robots used in nuclear power plants, etc.Other countries are also added to the climbing robot research upsurge, such as: Seattle Henry R Seemann under the funding of the Boeing company developed a vacuum adsorption crawler "AutoCrawler" robot. On the two tracks each con

10、taining a number of small adsorption chamber, with the moving of the crawler, adsorption chamber form continuous vacuum cavity and makes the crawler walking against the wall. American CaseWestern Reserve University developed by using four climbing robot prototype "legs". Similar to the fir

11、st two robots, the robot depends on four "legs" on biomimetic viscous materials to adsorption, the prototype is the four legs wheel on the sole of the foot even special distribution is more advantageous to the robot stable crawling on the wall. The quality of the robot is only 87 g. Polyte

12、chnic school in the early 1990 s, British Portsmouth has developed a climbing robot multilegged walking type. Adopting modular design, the robot is composed of two similar modules, each module includes two mechanical legs and leg controller. According to the task need to install a different number o

13、f legs, reconfigurable ability. Mechanical legs using bionics mechanism, simulation of the large animals arm muscle function, is two type, including upper and lower two and three double-acting cylinder, with three degrees of freedom. Good stability and bearing capacity is big, the robot's lightw

14、eight, and can span bigger obstacles. In addition to the leg on one end of vacuum cups, robot equipped with suction cups, abdomen mass ratio of powder and make the robot has a larger load of 2:1.3. Climbing robot research status in ChinaChina is also in a similar study since the 1990 s. In 1988 at t

15、he national "863" high technology program, under the support of the robotics institute of Harbin institute of technology has successfully developed the use of magnetic adsorption and vacuum adsorption two series of five types of wall climbing robot. Successful development of the our countr

16、y the first wall climbing robot remote detection, using negative pressure adsorption, omni-directional mobile wheel, used for nuclear waste storage jars of wall weld defect detection. Developed in 1994 for tall buildings wall climbing robot cleaning CLR - , adopts the omni-directional mobile mechani

17、sm, the robot in situ can arbitrarily change the direction of movement. After the development of the CLR - , driven by two independent ways - coaxial two-wheeled differential mechanism, through the coordination of two rounds of speed control to realize the omni-directional mobile robot, the robot on

18、tology and using power line carrier communication methods between the ground control station. Above-mentioned three climbing machine adopts single suction cup structure, spring air sealed, ensure the crawl robot with high speed and reliable adhesion ability. In 1995 successfully developed the metal

19、corrosion by magnetic adsorption climbing robot, structure of permanent magnetic adsorption, accomplished by two tracks positive &negative mobile turn. The robot can do for petrochemical enterprises to the outer wall of the metal material storage tank to spray paint, sandblasting, as well as wit

20、h automatic detection system to test the tank wall thickness. Developed in 1997's detection of water wall climbing robot, a circular permanent magnet adsorption block in conformity with the tank wall arc, improve the adsorption capacity, and improve the efficiency of the operation. Shanghai univ

21、ersity also conducted early tall wall cleaning robot research, successively developed a vertical wall climbing robot and spherical wall climbing robot. The spherical wall climbing robot adopts many suckers, negative pressure adsorption, 6 foot independent driving leg feet walking style, can be used

22、for different radius of curvature of the spherical outer wall since 1996, the Beijing university of aeronautics and astronautics has successfully developed WASH2 MAN, CLEANBOT 1, SKYCLEAN, "hanging basket type window robot" and "LanTianJie treasure" curtain wall cleaning robot pr

23、ototype. For all the window is brushed pneumatic robot; Hanging basket type cleaning robot, the robot depends on the roof of the safety line traction, attached with the negative pressure made by fan robot on the wall in the application background of national grand theatre ellipsoid ceiling cleaning

24、developed suitable for complex curved surface from climbing robot prototype, the climbing mechanism, mobile mechanism, cleaning robot has many similarities, but due to its special working environment and mission requirements, in terms of theory and technology has some particularity.4. The key techno

25、logy of robot:4.1 adsorption mechanism, adsorption mechanism of action is to produce an upward force to balance the gravity of the robot, keep it on the wall. Currently, magnetic adsorption methods mainly include vacuum negative pressure adsorption, adsorption, propeller thrust and binder etc. Sever

26、al ways. Due to the adsorption methods each have limitations, climbing robot developed by often targeted strong, applies only to a specific task, difficult to generalize. Robot design need to work on task, environment, choose the right means of adsorption. In recent years, people through the study o

27、f the adsorption mechanism of gecko reptiles such as the soles of your feet, making the polymer synthesis of viscous material, the use of van der Waals force between the molecules and molecular materials, can be obtained on the contact area of small huge adsorption capacity, and has the advantages o

28、f adsorption has nothing to do with the surface material properties. Short life but at the moment, the use of these materials, the use of a certain number of times after lose viscosity, practical, need further study.4.2 mobile mechanism and motion control system: mobile mechanism and the movement co

29、ntrol system of robot which major wheeled mobile mechanism, more foot type, such as caterpillar, among them, the wheel and foot type which has been widely used, caterpillar much for magnetic adsorption method. Obstacle ability is wall robot which used to an important indicator of performance. When w

30、ork surface is convex, groove, the robot to go through these obstacles, we must have enough obstacle ability. All kinds of mobile mechanism, more foot type robot obstacle-navigation ability is stronger, its each leg small suction cup is placed, when faced with obstacles, can control the "leg&qu

31、ot;, make the small suction cup across the obstacles one by one. Wall mobile mechanism of the robot can make the robot on the premise of reliable adsorption can move on the wall. Due to the particularity of climbing robot working in wall, mobile mechanism and adsorption mechanism exists coupling, wh

32、ich brought some difficulties to the robot's motion control. Than climbing robot sucker foot type and legs with a suction cup at the end, every move a leg needs to be done "to eliminate suction - leg - Wallace leg, left leg - generate adsorption force" a series of actions. In this proc

33、ess, the robot mobile mechanism of the action should coordinate with each other, and the adsorption mechanism to to guarantee the flexible mobile robot on the wall. In addition, there is also a mobile mechanism and adsorption separation, such as single suction cups, robot sucker adsorption, sustaina

34、ble continuous movement of driving wheel mobile robot, motion control is relatively simple.Energy supply and drive mode: 4.3 the driving mode of energy supply and energy supply way with people via the wire line for the machine to provide energy such as electricity, gas, also has a built-in battery,

35、cylinders and so on. Drive ways mainly have the pneumatic motor and other several ways. Climbing robot is designed to adopt high efficiency quality than drive and source of power, especially the wireless control cases. Using motor drive, energy supply mainly include polymer lithium battery, nickel m

36、etal hydride batteries, electrochemical batteries and fuel cells. In addition, due to the energy of internal combustion engine - - gasoline, hydrogen fuel can have higher weight ratio, such as advanced micro internal combustion engine can also be applied to the climbing robot.Safety problems: 4.4 th

37、e robot by interference, environmental change circumstances, how to ensure the safety of the robot is attached to the wall without falling, falling or after how to minimize the damage of the robot. The past buildings cleaning climbing robot, developed by most used by in carrying the car at the top o

38、f the tower, hoisting and wire rope of insurance system on the robot. Robot for some other purposes, such as detection with small climbing robot, the goal is not sure, cannot use the rope way of insurance, so need to study new way to prevent falling. Could consider using a parachute, small power int

39、o a pulp, fast supporting resistance drop plate, etc., these may be a future development direction of climbing robot safety measures.5. Development trend of the robotHard drive, sensor and control the development of software technology has greatly promoted the development of climbing robot technolog

40、y, the demand of the practical application is also put forward the challenge, the development of robot climbing robot development trend in the aggregate, basically has the following several aspects. (1) the development of new adsorption technology. Adsorption technology has been a bottleneck of the

41、development of the robot, it determines the application range of the robot. (2) the task of robot from simplification to muti_function change direction. The past most climbing robot which is used for washing, spraying, detection and so on homework, homework tasks are often confined to a single task.

42、 Now people want climbing robot can equipped with a variety of tools, are working on different occasions. (3) the miniaturization, micromation is currently the trend of the development of the robot. On the premise of meet the functional requirements, small volume, light quality of robot can be less

43、energy consumption, high flexibility, and in some special occasions are also need robot with small volume. (4) by the mooring operation development to the direction of untethered. Because the robot working space is generally larger, mooring operation greatly limits the robot working space, so, in or

44、der to improve the flexibility of robot and expand the working space, no cable is changed and is now and the future development trend of the robot. (5) by simple remote monitoring to intelligent direction. Combined with artificial intelligence, the robot can in a closed environment has a certain cap

45、acity for independent decision and complete the task, and have ego to protect ability, is the important direction of mobile robot, is also a important development direction of mobile robot climbing wall. (6) the adaptability of the reconfigurable robot is an important indicator. In order to make the

46、 robots could be used in different occasions, according to the mission requirements, under the condition of the system does not need to design, make full use of existing robot system, should make with reconfigurable robot, which has a modular structure. According to the mission requirements, the nee

47、d of module is directly connected to form a new robot.譯文：1.引言：爬壁機(jī)器人是移動(dòng)機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要分支,可在垂直壁面上靈活移動(dòng),代替人工在極限條件下完成多種作業(yè)任務(wù),是當(dāng)前機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。它主要應(yīng)用于核工業(yè)、石化工業(yè)、造船業(yè)、消防部門及偵查活動(dòng)等,如對高樓外壁面進(jìn)行清洗,對石化企業(yè)中的儲料罐外壁進(jìn)行檢測和維護(hù),對大面積鋼板進(jìn)行噴漆,以及在高樓事故中進(jìn)行搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)等，并且取得了良好的社會效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。經(jīng)過30多年的發(fā)展,爬壁機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)出一大批豐碩的成果,特別是20世紀(jì)90年代以來,國內(nèi)外在爬壁機(jī)器

48、人領(lǐng)域中的發(fā)展尤為迅速。近年來,由于多種新技術(shù)的發(fā)展,爬壁機(jī)器人的許多技術(shù)難題得到解決,極大地推動(dòng)了爬壁機(jī)器人的發(fā)展。在我國各高校機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)也已經(jīng)很廣的開展起來，這種氛圍對我國機(jī)器人的研制開發(fā)特別以及專業(yè)方面人才的培養(yǎng)是具有積極意義的。2.國外爬壁機(jī)器人研究現(xiàn)狀1966年日本的西亮教授首次研制成功壁面移動(dòng)機(jī)器人樣機(jī),并在大阪府立大學(xué)表演成功。這是一種依靠負(fù)壓吸附的爬壁機(jī)器人。隨后出現(xiàn)了各種類型的爬壁機(jī)器人,到80年代末期已經(jīng)開始在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用。日本在開發(fā)爬壁機(jī)器人方面發(fā)展最為迅速,主要應(yīng)用在建筑行業(yè)與核工業(yè)。如：日本清水建設(shè)公司開發(fā)了建筑行業(yè)用的外壁涂裝與貼瓷磚的機(jī)器人,他們研制的負(fù)壓吸附清

49、洗玻璃面的爬壁機(jī)器人,曾為加拿大使館清洗。東京工業(yè)大學(xué)開發(fā)了無線遙控磁吸附爬壁機(jī)器人。在日本通產(chǎn)省"極限作業(yè)機(jī)器人"國家研究計(jì)劃支持下,日暉株式會社開發(fā)了用于核電站大罐的負(fù)壓吸附壁面檢查機(jī)器人等。其他各國也加入到爬壁機(jī)器人研究的熱潮中如：美國西雅圖的Henry R Seemann在波音公司的資助下研制出一種真空吸附履帶式爬壁機(jī)器人“AutoCrawler”。其兩條履帶上各裝有數(shù)個(gè)小吸附室,隨著履帶的移動(dòng),吸附室連續(xù)地形成真空腔而使得履帶貼緊壁面行走。美國CaseWestern Reserve University研制的采用4個(gè)“腿輪”的爬壁機(jī)器人樣機(jī)。與前兩種機(jī)器人相似,該

50、機(jī)器人依靠4個(gè)“腿輪”上的仿生粘性材料來吸附,樣機(jī)不同的是這4個(gè)腿輪上腳掌的特殊分布更有利于機(jī)器人在壁面上穩(wěn)定爬行。該機(jī)器人質(zhì)量僅有87 g。20世紀(jì)90年代初,英國樸次茅斯工藝學(xué)校研制了一種多足行走式的爬壁機(jī)器人。采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)器人由兩個(gè)相似的模塊組成,每個(gè)模塊包括兩個(gè)機(jī)械腿和腿部控制器。可根據(jù)任務(wù)需要來安裝不同數(shù)量的腿,可重構(gòu)能力強(qiáng)。機(jī)械腿采用仿生學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu),模擬大型動(dòng)物臂部肌肉的功能,為兩節(jié)式,包括上、下兩個(gè)桿和3個(gè)雙作用氣缸,具有3個(gè)自由度。穩(wěn)定性好,承載能力大,利于機(jī)器人的輕量化,并能跨越較大的障礙物。除腿端部各有一真空吸盤外,機(jī)器人腹部設(shè)有吸盤, 使機(jī)器人具有較大的負(fù)載質(zhì)量比,可達(dá)

51、21。3.國內(nèi)爬壁機(jī)器人研究現(xiàn)狀中國也于20世紀(jì)90年代以來進(jìn)行類似的研究。1988年在國家“863”高技術(shù)計(jì)劃的支持下,哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)器人研究所先后研制成功了采用磁吸附和真空吸附兩個(gè)系列的5種型號壁面爬行機(jī)器人。研制成功的我國第一臺壁面爬行遙控檢測機(jī)器人,采用負(fù)壓吸附,全方位移動(dòng)輪,用于核廢液儲存罐罐壁焊縫缺陷檢測。1994年開發(fā)的用于高樓壁面清洗作業(yè)的爬壁機(jī)器人CLR-,采用全方位移動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),機(jī)器人在原地就可以任意改變運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。之后開發(fā)的CLR-,采用兩輪獨(dú)立驅(qū)動(dòng)方式同軸雙輪差速機(jī)構(gòu), 通過對兩輪速度的協(xié)調(diào)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器人的全方位移動(dòng),機(jī)器人本體和地面控制站之間采用電力線載波通訊方式。上述3

52、款爬壁機(jī)器人均采用單吸盤結(jié)構(gòu),彈簧氣囊密封,保證了機(jī)器人具有較高爬行速度和可靠的附著能力。1995年研制成功的金屬管防腐用磁吸附爬壁機(jī)器人,采用永磁吸附結(jié)構(gòu),靠兩條履帶的正反轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)彎。該機(jī)器人可以為石化企業(yè)金屬儲料罐的外壁進(jìn)行噴漆、噴砂,以及攜帶自動(dòng)檢測系統(tǒng)對罐壁涂層厚度進(jìn)行檢測。1997年研制的水冷壁清檢測爬壁機(jī)器人,呈圓弧形永磁吸附塊與罐壁圓弧相吻合,提高了吸附力,也提高了作業(yè)的效率。上海大學(xué)也較早開展高樓壁面清洗作業(yè)機(jī)器人的研究,先后研制出垂直壁面爬壁機(jī)器人和球形壁面爬壁機(jī)器人。該球形壁面爬壁機(jī)器人采用多吸盤、負(fù)壓吸附、6足獨(dú)立驅(qū)動(dòng)腿足行走方式,可用于不同曲率半徑的球形外壁199

53、6年以來,北京航空航天大學(xué)先后研制成功WASH2 MAN,CLEANBOT 1,SKYCLEAN,“吊籃式擦窗機(jī)器人”和“藍(lán)天潔寶”等幕墻清洗機(jī)器人樣機(jī)。為全氣動(dòng)擦窗機(jī)器人;吊籃式清洗機(jī)器人,機(jī)器人依靠樓頂上的安全吊索牽引移動(dòng),利用風(fēng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓使機(jī)器人貼附在壁面上以國家大劇院橢球形頂棚清洗為應(yīng)用背景研制的適用于復(fù)雜曲面的自攀爬式機(jī)器人樣機(jī),由攀爬機(jī)構(gòu)、移動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、清機(jī)器人有許多相似之處,但由于其特殊的工作環(huán)境和任務(wù)要求,在理論和技術(shù)等方面又有一些特殊性。4. 爬壁機(jī)器人的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)：4.1吸附機(jī)構(gòu)：吸附機(jī)構(gòu)的作用是產(chǎn)生一個(gè)向上的力來平衡機(jī)器人的重力,使其保持在壁面上。目前,吸附方式主要有真空負(fù)壓吸附、磁吸附、螺旋槳推力及粘結(jié)