雅思閱讀分類詞匯(場景)

1、.IELTS 閱讀分類詞匯= 閱讀分類詞匯 = 心理theorem原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology方法論(method)physiology生理學(xué)(physiological)psychiatry精神病學(xué) psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互關(guān)系 correlation coefficientsensation感覺，知覺(另)轟動(dòng) sensationalperception感知，認(rèn)知intuition知覺 (intuitive)ESP第六感(Extrasensory Perception)m

2、otivate激勵(lì) àmotivation ( bonus, commission,)incentive激勵(lì)因素stimulus刺激 àstimulate, stimulationdisorder紊亂，失調(diào)dysfunction機(jī)能障礙 dys(=dis) + function.dissonance不和諧，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma創(chuàng)傷 (traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety焦慮 (= anxiousness)depression沮喪 (de + press + ion) depr

3、essedv.s. repression ( 壓抑 )insomnia失眠phobia恐懼 (癥 ) suffix: -phobiaacrophobiaacronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobiaa fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobiaa fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy過敏 (癥 )，反感( allergic)He is allergic to card pensityMostboyshave a propensityofplayingwi

4、thmachinery.=tendency, inclinationparanoid偏執(zhí)的paranoia ( 偏執(zhí)狂 )workaholic工作狂(alcoholic)symptom癥狀diagnosis診斷 (n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram腦電圖 electrocardiogram ( 心電圖 )assertive武斷的(assert)therapy治療法 group therapyhypnotism催眠術(shù)( hypnotize)prescribe開藥方 v.s. subscr

5、ibe, describe, inscribeàprescription: drugsantidepressant抗抑郁藥tranquilizer鎮(zhèn)靜藥 (tranquil).side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation復(fù)原，康復(fù)relapse舊病復(fù)發(fā)，故態(tài)復(fù)萌 v.s. elapse子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜！chronic慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty青春發(fā)動(dòng)期adolescence青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulth

6、ood)emotional rationalaffective情感的 (affection)sane神智健全的insanesuperstition迷信 superstitioustelepathy傳心術(shù)，通靈術(shù)tele(far away) +pathy(heart) numerology,palmistryapathy無感情，無興趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) +pathypathology病理學(xué)，病理，病變delusion迷惑，欺瞞 v.s. illusiondisorientation迷失 (dis + orientation) diso

7、rientedpervert使反常 / 變態(tài) 反常 / 變態(tài)者 perversionintrospection內(nèi)省 v.s. retrospection ( 回顧，反省 )sublimation純化，升華 sublime.personality= personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格 )innate天賦的in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute屬性 (àattributable)trait特征，品質(zhì) national traits國民性 vs. traitor= 閱讀分

8、類詞匯 = 科技ubiquitous普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile(人)多才多藝的， (物)通用的 àversatilityalchemy煉金術(shù)transmute變形，變質(zhì) transmute silver into gold (!)arduous艱巨的(=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall陷阱，未預(yù)見之困難metallurgy冶金alloy合金aluminum= aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium,copper,brass,bronz

9、eelectrode電極.distill蒸餾 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷，磷光物質(zhì)inflammable易燃的(flame)combustion燃燒(combustible)spontaneouscombustion(whitephosphorus)ceramic陶瓷的瓷器 (ceramics)insulate隔離，絕緣 insulator ( conductor fiber纖維 (BE: fibre)fiber optics ( 纖維光學(xué) )optics光學(xué) (àoptical)retina視網(wǎng)膜iris虹膜opaque不透明的 v.s.

10、transparent, translucentmicroprocessor微處理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary二進(jìn)制的integrateintegration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer緩沖區(qū) buffer storagebrowser瀏覽器(IE, Netscape)hypertext超文本envisage想象，看作en + vis(see) + agebe envisaged asmomentous(極為 )重要的 v.s. momentaryreti

11、cular網(wǎng)狀的Ethernet以太網(wǎng).domain域 domain namescyberlaw網(wǎng)絡(luò)法律“cyber- “: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe,patent專利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological按時(shí)間順序的“chron ”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot機(jī)器人 (“肉包它 ”) roboticsartificial人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone圓錐體，錐

12、形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant過度的，過分的，過高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal向心 (力 )的centrifugalhigh-rise高樓 ( skyscraper)cathedral大教堂dome圓頂 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施superstructuresewage污水，下水道hydraulic水力的，水壓的landfill垃圾掩埋 (地)ventilation通風(fēng)thermost

13、at溫控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer,thermonuclearprefabricate預(yù)先制造prefab ( 預(yù)制的 )polytechnic各種工藝的理工學(xué)校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric幾何 (學(xué) )的geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure).asymmetry不對稱 a(not) + sym(same) + metry( ) symmetryconcave凹的 convexbilateral雙邊的，兩方面的unilateralparadoxical“似

14、非而是 ”的paradox ( 悖論 )empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 empirical law/formulaclockwise順時(shí)針的 ( anticlockwise= 閱讀分類詞匯 = 教育accommodation(膳宿 )供應(yīng) = room and boardlodging寄宿(處)lease出租 “for lease ”,“to let ”v.s. renttenant房客，佃戶landlord房東 àlandlady(f) ? Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate,dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory寢

15、室 (abbrev. dorm)au pairA young foreignerwho lives with a family in return for doinglight housework(另) = reciprocal.reciprocal相互的，互惠的hostelyouth hostel hotelreal estate房地產(chǎn)vicinity= neighborhoodflat平的，癟的flat tire 公寓 (= apartment) condo, studiobond= depositlinen亞麻的亞麻織品，床單 (= bed linen)utensil器皿statione

16、ry文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria自助餐廳 canteencater滿足 (需要 )aerobics有氧健身操“aero ”: airbadminton羽毛球 (運(yùn)動(dòng))baseball棒球 baseball batsquash壁球 (運(yùn)動(dòng) )amateur professionalgathering聚會 v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion遠(yuǎn)足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth共和國，聯(lián)邦 Commonwealth:英聯(lián)邦tertiary第三的 After purchasing a

17、 house and a car, the next majorlifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primaryàsecondary àtertiarypost-secondary“post ”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwarilliterate文盲 不識字的 il(no) + literate(words) àilliteracy ( literacydiscipline學(xué)科，紀(jì)律 v.s.

18、 subjectterminology術(shù)語facultydepartment and staff of a college/universitydean(大學(xué))教務(wù)長curriculum課程 (= course) àextracurricular 課外的syllabus課程提綱calendar日歷，日程( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory強(qiáng)制的，必修的elective (選修的 )examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit招生，招募recru

19、itment= enrollprestige聲望，威信 àprestigiousesteem尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation錄取入學(xué)vocation職業(yè) (= calling, occupation, career)àvocationalvocational educationTAFETechnical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation縮略 (詞 ) abridg

20、e ( 縮短，刪節(jié) )transferable(學(xué)分等 )可轉(zhuǎn)換的scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 = fellowship.tutorial輔導(dǎo) (課)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue教員，學(xué)究 pedagogy ( 教育學(xué)，教學(xué)法 ) demagogue ( 政治煽動(dòng)家 )lexicography詞典編撰(àlexicographer)assignment任務(wù)， (課外 )作業(yè)dissertation論文 (= thesis)credential證明，文憑“cred ”: creditlinguistic credentialsalu

21、mni校友 (男 ) alumnaeoverestimate高估 ( underestimate decipher解碼，解釋(= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber才干= 閱讀分類詞匯 = 文化homogeneous同 質(zhì) 的homo+gene+ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexualmainstream主流 主流的dialect方言 (v.s. accent).discrepancy差異misconception誤解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbar

22、rier障礙 (物 ) bar, = barricadediscrimination區(qū)別，歧視 racial/sexual discrimination ? discriminate (+against)hierarchy等級制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity島國性質(zhì) (? insular, island).microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia= homesicknesspatriot愛國者 ( traitor àpatriotic, patriotismcompatriot同胞 同胞的 com + pat

23、riotvernacular本地的，本國的本地話，本國話 the vernacularlanguages ofIndiaHispanicAn American whose first language was Spanishimmigration移 入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration( emigrant,emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically oppositesidesof the Earth “from North America to the Antipodes ”p

24、ermeate滲透，彌漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur企業(yè)家 ( enterprise) àentrepreneurshippractitioner開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者 praction(practice) + ercelebritya famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人.anecdote軼事 (àanecdotal)notoriety惡名 (? notorious)counterpart對應(yīng)人，對等物 Who s George Bushs counterpart in Chinacounter

25、culture, counterbalancepeer同等的人 凝視，窺視 ( peep)subordinate下級 下級的 superiortactics戰(zhàn)術(shù)，技巧 v.s. strategy (戰(zhàn)略，策略 ) marketingstrategy v.s.sellingtacticsnuancea subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking類比分析punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的 (àpunctuality)absenteeism曠工 absent àabsentee àabsenteeismflextime彈性工作時(shí)間 fl

26、ex(flexible) + timeharass騷擾 (àharassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassedher.redundancy冗余，冗員 network redundancydownsize裁員 ( lay off)ballot投票 (= vote)impartial不偏不倚的 ( partial lobby大堂 (n.) 游說 (v.)shortlist(BE) a list of applicants who have been deemedsuitable andfrom.which the successful

27、 person will be chosenà(v.)equilibrium平衡，均衡questionnaire調(diào)查表，問卷quantitative定量的( qualitative contingency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical倫理的，符合倫理的 ethics, unethicaldubious疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation顯示，證明(? manifest)sub

28、title字幕，副標(biāo)題(sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway(BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing配音錄制vogue時(shí)尚 chicbizarre奇異的 v.s. weird (怪異的 )mediocre平庸的dietitian飲食學(xué)家( diet)connoisseur行家，鑒賞家 entr ée, a la carte.= 雅思閱讀分類詞匯 =- 生物 /生理molecule分子 àmolecularcellcellularami

29、noàamino acids ( 氨基酸 )protein蛋白質(zhì)enzyme酶 (proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst催化劑chlorophyll葉綠素 “chloro- ”: Clphotosynthesis光合作用 (photo + synthesis) àphotosyntheticbotany植物學(xué)( zoology àbotanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna動(dòng)物群bacte

30、rium bacteria (pl.)細(xì)菌fungus fungi (pl.)真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻.herbàherbal: tea àherbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation康乃馨 àreincarnationfade凋謝，褪色organism機(jī)體，組織 ? organarthropod節(jié)肢動(dòng)物 v.s. anthropoid ( )reptile爬行動(dòng)物amphibian兩棲動(dòng)物mammal哺乳動(dòng)物(? mamma!)primate靈長目動(dòng)物evolution進(jìn)化 (? evolve)anth

31、ropoid類人猿(“anthrop ”:humankind)anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因組 )genetics遺傳學(xué)(àgenetical)helix螺旋，螺旋壯物analyze every single gene within the doublehelixof humanity s DNAidentical同一的 identity ( àID card) clonemutation突變 gene mu

32、tation àmutable, immutable, mutantpredator捕食者( preyembryo胚胎 àembryonic ( 萌芽的 )roe魚子caviar (魚子醬 ).tadpole蝌蚪frog, toad ( told)caterpillar毛毛蟲(cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper蚱蜢，蝗蟲(= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket蟋蟀 (另)板球butterflyv.s. moth dragonfly, fir

33、eflypollen花粉 傳粉 àpollinate, pollinationhive蜂房honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼蟲 v.s. lavapupa蛹 àpupatepenguin企鵝 v.s. dolphin ( 海豚 )raccoon浣熊 v.s. kangaroo ( 袋鼠 )hibernate冬眠 (=hole up)torpid麻木的，蟄伏的v.s. torpedo ( 魚雷 )cerebral(大)腦的hemisphere半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex腦皮層migraine偏頭疼 ? migrant

34、somatic軀體的limb四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze使癱瘓(=incapacitate, immobilize)artery動(dòng)脈 ( veingland腺體.pancreas胰hormone荷爾蒙，激素cholesterol膽固醇efficacy功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness= 雅思閱讀分類詞匯 = 環(huán)境問題conservation保護(hù)，保存(? conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 ( alkaliacid

35、 raincarbon碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefumeexhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum石油 àpetrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) àunleaded petrol/gasozone臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze滲出 滲出物radiation輻射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse溫室 greenhouse effect/gas

36、es.solar太陽的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon現(xiàn)象catastrophe= disaster, cataclysmdeterioration惡化 (? deteriorate)extinction滅絕 (? extinct)speciesendangered speciesdrought干旱 ( “找它 ”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent反復(fù)發(fā)生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate淹沒 “淹掉它 ”embankment筑堤 (em + ban

37、k + ment)sediment沉積（物） = depositdelta三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial沖積的desertification(v.s. dessert)dust-storm沙塵暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren貧瘠的，不育的，無效的dunesand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable歸因于 be attributable todeforestation濫 砍 濫 伐 （ 森 林 ） de + forest +ation afforestation/reforestationlog原

38、木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat棲息地 ? habit (Habit is the second nature.).ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(eco + system) ecologyviability? viable “vi”: life 養(yǎng)育能力 One tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic人口統(tǒng)計(jì)的demo(people)

39、 + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance使平衡，彌補(bǔ)(=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism機(jī)理，機(jī)制precipitation陡降，降水(? precipice) evaporationcirculation流通，循環(huán)tide àtidal wave ( 海嘯 ) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology氣象 (學(xué))volcano火山eruption噴發(fā) (? erupt)vol

40、canic eruption lavagranite花崗巖imminent= impending v.s. eminentCelsius攝氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit華氏的latitude緯度 (另) longitude, altitudetropical? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier冰川dump傾倒，傾銷 àanti-dumpingcontaminate弄臟 (àcontaminant).recycle回收再利用irrever

41、sible不可逆的(= irrevocable)reclaim開墾，改造àreclamationcontentious有爭議的(? contend)Many environmental issues today arehighlycontentious.opt選擇 (+ for) àoptionprioritize優(yōu)先考慮(? prior, priority)= 雅思分類詞匯 = 醫(yī)院mental hospital精神病醫(yī)院clinic 診所physician/internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生oculist/eye doctor眼科醫(yī)生surgon外科醫(yī)生dentist 牙醫(yī) v

42、et 獸醫(yī) shrink 心理醫(yī)生symptom癥狀have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛.have a fever發(fā)燒pneumonia肺炎flu流感have a cough咳嗽have a headache 頭痛have a toothache 牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy過敏癥twisted/sprained 扭傷的feel dizzy頭暈feel chilly覺得發(fā)冷asthma哮喘diabetics 糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate嘔吐di

43、arrhea 腹瀉vomitive/pukey 惡心的luggies/phlegm痰have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通cholera 霍亂stiff neck 脖子發(fā)僵abscess 膿腫yellow fever 黃熱病.hay fever 枯草熱pills 藥丸mixture 合劑eyedrops 眼藥水syrup 糖漿pad 藥棉塊vitamin 維他命tablet 藥片penicillin 盤尼西林antibiotic抗生素ointment 藥膏medication 藥物aspirin 阿司匹林bandage 繃帶syringe 注射器stethoscope 聽診器inje

44、ction 注射preventive injection預(yù)防針gauze 紗布cold cure 感冒藥sweating medicine 發(fā)汗藥febrifuge 退燒藥.capsule 膠囊case history 病歷extract 拔牙take one's temperature量體溫see a doctor 看病send for a doctor 請醫(yī)生feel one's pulse 量脈搏take one's blood pressure 量血壓give a prescription 開藥方have an operation動(dòng)手術(shù)make an appoi

45、ntment預(yù)約= 雅思分類詞匯 = 生活咨詢make a reservation 預(yù)定 confirm a reservation 確認(rèn)預(yù)定cancel one's reservation 取消預(yù)定frist come,frist serve 先到先服務(wù)原則layover/stopover 中途停留timetable 時(shí)刻表fare 票價(jià) toll 通行費(fèi)saver ticket 優(yōu)惠票open ticket 開放機(jī)票one-way ticket單程票round-trip ticket往返票.airport tax 機(jī)場稅duty-free shop免稅店excess charge 超重 vacant seat 空座direct/non-stop flight直達(dá)航班