161(4)用坐標(biāo)表示軸對(duì)稱

1、012345-4-3-2-1xABCD31425-2-4-1-3yA1B1D1C1觀察觀察: 圖中兩個(gè)圓臉與圖中兩個(gè)圓臉與y軸有什么位置關(guān)系？有什么位置關(guān)系？兩個(gè)圓臉關(guān)于兩個(gè)圓臉關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱軸對(duì)稱3 16.1.3用坐標(biāo)表示軸對(duì)稱用坐標(biāo)表示軸對(duì)稱4探究1：如圖，在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中你能畫出點(diǎn)A關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)嗎?31425-2-4-1-3012345-4-3-2-1A (2,3)A(2,-3)你能說出點(diǎn)A與點(diǎn)A坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系嗎？5x y 請同學(xué)們在坐標(biāo)系中多找請同學(xué)們在坐標(biāo)系中多找?guī)讉€(gè)點(diǎn)幾個(gè)點(diǎn),并畫出它們關(guān)于并畫出它們關(guān)于軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),然后觀察已然后觀察已知點(diǎn)與對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)和知點(diǎn)與對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的橫

2、坐標(biāo)和縱坐標(biāo)縱坐標(biāo) 有什么變化有什么變化?在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中畫出下列各點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn).31425-2-4-1-301 2 3 4 5-4 -3 -2 -1B (-4, 2)C(3, -4)B (-4, -2)C(3, 4)思考：思考：關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸軸對(duì)稱的對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)具有標(biāo)具有怎樣的怎樣的關(guān)系？關(guān)系？x y 通過探究你能用語言歸納關(guān)于通過探究你能用語言歸納關(guān)于 x 軸軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)規(guī)律嗎？對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)規(guī)律嗎？6歸納：關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)是:橫坐標(biāo)橫坐標(biāo)相等相等,縱坐標(biāo)互為縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)相反數(shù).練習(xí)練習(xí):1、點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)P(-5, 6)與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)Q關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱，則點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱，則點(diǎn)Q

3、的坐標(biāo)為的坐標(biāo)為_.2、點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)M (a, -5)與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)N(-2, b)關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱，則軸對(duì)稱，則a=_, b =_.(- 5 , -6 )-257（橫同縱反）（橫同縱反）探究2：如圖，你能在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中畫出點(diǎn)A關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)A嗎?31425-2-4-1-3012345-4-3-2-1A (2,3)A(-2,3)你能說出點(diǎn)A與點(diǎn)A坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系嗎？8x y 在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中畫出下列各點(diǎn)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn).31425-2-4-1-301 2 3 4 5-4 -3 -2 -1B (-4, 2)C(3, -4)B (4, 2)C(-3, -4)思考：思考：關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸軸對(duì)稱的對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐點(diǎn)的坐

4、標(biāo)具有標(biāo)具有怎樣的怎樣的關(guān)系？關(guān)系？9x y 歸納：關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)是:橫坐標(biāo)互為橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)縱坐標(biāo)相等相等.練習(xí)練習(xí):1、點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)P(-5, 6)與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)Q關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱，則點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱，則點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為的坐標(biāo)為_.2、點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)M (a, -5)與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)N(-2, b)關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱，則軸對(duì)稱，則a=_, b =_.( 5 , 6 )2-510（橫反縱同）（橫反縱同）小結(jié)：在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中，關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)橫坐標(biāo)相等相等,縱坐標(biāo)互為縱坐標(biāo)互為相反相反數(shù)數(shù).關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)互為橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)縱坐標(biāo)相等相等.點(diǎn)（點(diǎn)（x, y）關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱

5、的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為_.點(diǎn)（點(diǎn)（x, y）關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為的坐標(biāo)為_.(x, y)( x, y)11已知點(diǎn)關(guān)于已知點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸或軸或y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)變化規(guī)律的坐標(biāo)變化規(guī)律:( P44)1、完成下表、完成下表.已知點(diǎn)(2,-3)(-1,2)(-6,-5)(0,-1.6)(4,0)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)(-2, -3)(2, 3)(-1,-2)(1, 2)(6, -5)(-6, 5)(0, -1.6)(0,1.6)(-4,0)(4,0)2、已知點(diǎn)、已知點(diǎn)P(2a+b,-3a)與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)P(8,b+2).若點(diǎn)若點(diǎn)p與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)p關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱，則軸對(duì)稱

6、，則a=_ b=_.若點(diǎn)若點(diǎn)p與點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)p關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱，則軸對(duì)稱，則a=_ b=_.練 習(xí)246-2012(搶答搶答)例：已知ABC的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為A(-3，5),B(- 4，1),C(-1，3)，作出ABC關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的圖形。解：點(diǎn)解：點(diǎn)A(-3,5),B(-4,1),C(-1,3)，關(guān)于，關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為A(3,5), B(4,1),C(1,3).依次連接依次連接AB,BC,CA,就得到就得到ABC關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的軸對(duì)稱的ABC.A31425-2-4-1-301 2 3 4 5-4 -3 -2 -1cBBAC 歸納歸納:（P44）先求出已知圖形中的先

7、求出已知圖形中的 特殊點(diǎn)特殊點(diǎn)(如多邊形的頂點(diǎn)或端點(diǎn)如多邊形的頂點(diǎn)或端點(diǎn))的的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),描出并連接這些點(diǎn)描出并連接這些點(diǎn),就可就可 得到這個(gè)圖形的得到這個(gè)圖形的軸對(duì)稱圖形軸對(duì)稱圖形.13x y 練習(xí):P45 2 .3 (1,2)14 （拓展提高）思考：如圖,分別作出點(diǎn)P,M,N關(guān)于直線x=1的對(duì)稱點(diǎn), 你能發(fā)現(xiàn)它們坐標(biāo)之間分別有什么關(guān)系嗎?31425-2 -1 012345-4-3-2-1x=1P(-2,3)M(-1,1)N(5,-2)N(-3,-2)M(3,1)P(4,3)x y , 類似: 若兩點(diǎn)(x1，y1)、(x2，y2)關(guān)于直線y=n對(duì)稱，則 ，n= 16 歸納:若兩點(diǎn)(x1，y1)、(x2，y2)關(guān)于直線x=m對(duì)稱，則m= ， 221xx 221yy y1=y2x1=x21、學(xué)習(xí)了在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中，關(guān)于、學(xué)習(xí)了在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中，關(guān)于x軸和軸和y軸軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)。對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)。這節(jié)課你學(xué)到了什么？關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)相等橫坐標(biāo)相等,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).關(guān)于關(guān)于y軸軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)相等縱坐標(biāo)相等.2、學(xué)習(xí)了在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中如何畫一個(gè)圖形、學(xué)習(xí)了在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中如何畫一個(gè)圖形關(guān)于關(guān)于x軸或軸或y軸的對(duì)稱圖形軸的對(duì)稱圖形先求出已知