湖北學(xué)位英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)-2

1、名詞性從句應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題：1主語(yǔ)從句1單個(gè)名詞性分句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，全句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；但是當(dāng)兩個(gè) 由and連接的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)并表示兩件事情時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Whether she comes or not doesn ' t concern me.What caused the accide nt and who was resp on sible for it rema ins a mystery to us.2假設(shè)主語(yǔ)從句中邏輯意義完整并且根本句子成分齊備，那么須在句 首使用連接詞that，該詞無(wú)意義；假設(shè)缺差主/賓/表等名詞性成分，那么根據(jù)需要選擇what/which/who/

2、whom等That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.What crime he has done is quite clear.3從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將從句置于句末，其中that可省略It isn ' t surprising (that) he should have rddneiie2. 賓語(yǔ)從句1賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將從句放在補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，其中it無(wú)意義She has made it clear that she will have nothing to

3、 do with him.I heard it said that the meet ing would be postp on ed.2that-從句一般不可以直接用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，但是可以用在 in, except,save, besides和but之后，多已形成固定用法。in that因?yàn)?except that 除了,but that要不是,save that除了,besides that除了I like the city in that I have many friends there.He is a good stude nt except that he is occasi on

4、ally careless.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.3當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)為 assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think 等表示“認(rèn)為，“猜測(cè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句假設(shè)帶有否認(rèn)意 義，通常應(yīng)將否認(rèn)詞前移至主句謂語(yǔ)上I don ' t think that you two met before.I don ' t suppose that anyone will object to the plan.3. 表語(yǔ)從句

5、主語(yǔ)是reason的表語(yǔ)從句須用that引導(dǎo)，不要誤用because引導(dǎo)The reas on why he was abse nt was that he was ill.The reason why I didn ' t go to Canada was that I got a new job.4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句具體說(shuō)明被其修飾限制的名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)的可接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：announ ceme nt, belief, con clusi on, discovery,doubt, evide nee, fact, guara ntee, hope, idea, kn

6、o wledge, n ews, order, proposal, questi on, rumor流言, stateme nt, story, suggesti on, thought想 法,understanding理解。其引導(dǎo)詞常用that,根據(jù)邏輯意義也可選用 whether, what, who, how, why, where 但決不能使用 which。Her suggesti on that we send some people to help them is adoptable.Next comes the questi on what you want it for.I h

7、ave no idea where she came from.形容詞性從句/定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題：1以下情況只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，不能使用which；1當(dāng)并列的兩個(gè)先行詞分別表示人和物時(shí)They are talking about the people and countries that they have visited.The passe ngers and parcels that filled the car were mixed.2領(lǐng)先行詞是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none

8、, few, a few 等不是定代詞時(shí) Everything that he said seemed quite reas on able.Much that I lear ned in the book is very useful.3領(lǐng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞包括the last和no, every, some, any ,o nly, much等限定詞修飾時(shí)This is the most interesting film that has been produced in recent years.This the only thi ng that we can do now.T

9、he last stude nt that stood up was Joe.2. 以下情況只能用關(guān)系代詞 which,不能使用that:1在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞只能用 which和who/whom, where, when等；而且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略。Steel, which has many useful properties, is widely used in the machi ne-buildi ng in dustry.The shed in our garde n, which my father built many years ago, has lasted

10、 for a long time.2和介詞連用構(gòu)成復(fù)合引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)There are scie ntific ways in which many solves problems.Ocea n curre nts affect the climates of the lands n ear which they flow.3. Whose表示所有關(guān)系，即可指人的也可指物理學(xué)She lives in the house whose door and win dows are broke n.How many stude nts are there in your class whose pare n

11、ts serve in the gover nment age ncies?4. 關(guān)系代詞that/which和關(guān)系副詞 when/where/why的選擇：假設(shè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)，選用 when/where/why;假設(shè)作主/賓/表語(yǔ)那么用that/whichThis is the place which I ' ve Ionian ted to visit.1 know of aplace where we can swim.This is the reason why I am not in favor of his plan.I can' taccept the r

12、eas on that he gave.The sports meet will be held next month when the climate is very congeni al.This is a great day that I will n ever forget.5. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句既可指人也可指物，通常與the same, such, so等連用；還可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句意思或局部?jī)?nèi)容，位置靈活They n eed such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.Mass is not th

13、e same thing as weight is.As you can see, we ' ve got a problem with the engine.She was abse nt, as is ofte n the case.副詞性從句/狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題：1關(guān)聯(lián)詞的多義性資料來(lái)源：狀語(yǔ)從句中某些引導(dǎo)詞具有多義性，可以引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句。女口：as, sin ce, while, whe n1As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front ofNo.13 時(shí)間As he was not w

14、ell, I decided to go without him.原因Much as I admire Shakespeare comedies, I can ' agree that they are superior to his tragedies.讓步I got up late in the morning so I had to run to the school as quickly as I could.比擬2He has been serving for this company since he graduated from theuni versity.時(shí)間Sinc

15、e the weather is so bad outside, why don' t yo原因ay at home?3I saw him while he was going out of the room.時(shí)間讓步ke its shape.(While I like the color of the hat, I donWhile there is life, there is hope.條件)He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn 轉(zhuǎn)折)'t.(4When he arrived, I was cooking l

16、unch.當(dāng)時(shí))I was about to go out this morning whe n the telepho ne rang.正在這 時(shí))2. 句型“ no soon ertha n, hardly/scarcely/barely whe n表示“一就，主句中常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；假設(shè)把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barel放在句首，使用倒裝語(yǔ)序No Sooner had he heard the n ews tha n he fain ted.Scarcely had he en tered the room whe n the tel

17、epho ne rang.3. 某些表示時(shí)間的副詞和名詞性詞組如directly, immediately, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day/year, next time 也可以弓丨 導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。I got into touch with him immediately I received his letter.The in sta nt the result came out, she told us.The second time we met, he answered me a lot of ques

18、tions.4. 在時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/條件/方式/讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be,而且從句主語(yǔ)和全句主語(yǔ)一致，或者主語(yǔ)是it，那么從句主語(yǔ)或it和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be可省略Whe n ( I was) a boy, I looked at such things differe ntly.Though (she was) an gry, she hurriedly left the room.This viewpo int, however (it is) un dersta ndable, is wrong.If (it is) necessary I' ll have the composition rewritten.5. 復(fù)合連詞引起的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，常用詞有：in that, now that, seeing that, con sideri ng that, not that-but that 等Now t