2019-2020年高中英語非謂語動詞的11個重要考點

1、2021-2021年高中英語非謂語動詞的11個重要考點一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的根本區(qū)別從時間關(guān)系上看,不定式表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞表進行,過去分詞表完成,同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成；從主動與被動來看,不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動,過去分詞表被動,同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式也表被動不定式的被動式在表被動的同時還兼表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表被動的同時還兼表進行.如：1. Isendyou100dollarstoday,therestinayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed分析：答案選

2、Co動詞不定式表示未來的動作.2.fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated分析：答案選Co由于Australia與separate是被動關(guān)系,且separate發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之前,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式作原因狀語.二、考查非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式結(jié)合句子意思,考察非謂語動詞與相

3、應(yīng)邏輯主語的關(guān)系,假設(shè)為主動關(guān)系,用主動式；假設(shè)為被動關(guān)系,用被動式.此時要特別注意,過去分詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動式,由于它本身可以表示被動.如：1. Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywell.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending分析：答案選Bo因money與spend是被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞.2. Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid分析：答案選Bo因allexpe

4、nses與pay是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞.注意句中的an不是修飾expenses,而是修飾vacationo3. Whenhelp,oneoftensays,“Thankyou."Or"It'skindofyou.A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered分析：答案選Do因一個人說謝謝,應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助,所以要用過去分詞,Whenofferedhelp=Whenheisofferedhelp三、考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法非謂語動詞不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作.做題時要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的

5、語境來推斷這種先后關(guān)系.如：1. Thestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused分析：答案選Do因Thestorm與cause是主動關(guān)系,排除選項A;不定式作狀語,前面通常不用逗號,排除B和C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個地區(qū)造成損失是在結(jié)束之前,所以用完成式.2. MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havi

6、ngtakenD.havingbeentaken分析：答案選A.因people與takeadvantageof是主動關(guān)系,排除選項B和D；take不會發(fā)生在謂語aresigningup之前,不用完成式,排除C.四、考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語在通常情況下,表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞.如：1. “Youcan'tcatchme!Janetshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran分析：答案選Bo現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語.2. Heglancedoverather,thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

7、A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted分析：答案選Ao由于he與note是主謂關(guān)系,且note與謂語動詞glanced的動作同時發(fā)生,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語.3. Daddydidn'tmindwhatweweredoingloagasweweretogether,fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having分析：答案選Do用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況.說明：有時過去分詞也可表伴隨注意過去分詞同時還表被動關(guān)系,但高考很少考查此用法.如：Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了進來,后面跟著他的妻子.五、考查非謂語

8、動詞用作目的狀語在通常情況下,用作目的狀語只能是不定式.如：1. “Cantheprojectbanishedasplanned?""Sure,itpletedintime,we'llworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get分析：答案選Bo作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式.2.moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout分析：答案選Ao作目的狀語要用動詞不定式.3.

9、Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjustalookatthesportsstars.(xx上海卷)A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have分析：答案選Co看看體育明星是在體育館外等三個小時的目的,作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式.六、考查非謂語動詞用作結(jié)果狀語1 .用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果.如：Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他開槍了,打死了一個過路人.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,arecordU

10、S$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching分析：答案選Bo伴隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語.2 .用不定式表結(jié)果.如：Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他.Hehurriedtothestationonlythatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound分析：答案選A.由于onlytodo是習(xí)語,意為結(jié)果卻,不料",hurrie

11、d和find是先后發(fā)生的兩個動作.七、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語原那么上,所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語,其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞表進行,過去分詞表完成和被動.如：1. Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon分析：答案選Ao作with的賓語的補足語要用非謂語動詞,排除選項B和C;與謂語動作同時發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,排除表示將來的不定式選項D.2. Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditoft

12、enenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained分析：答案選D.賓語it與explain是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞作賓補,havesthdone意為情人做某事工八、考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題根據(jù)英語習(xí)慣,非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子一致,否那么就應(yīng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu).如：Whilewatchingtelevision,.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings分析：答案選Co由于watching的邏輯主語一定是we,排除選

13、項A和B;又因在hear后作賓語補足語的是省略了to的不定式,所以選項D中的rings是錯誤的.九、考查非謂語動詞用作主語的問題原那么上說,動詞用作主語,只能是不定式或動名詞,不能是分詞形式.這類考題命題還往往用動詞原形作為干擾項進行考查,同學(xué)們做題需引起注意.如：It'necessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having分析：答案選Do動名詞短語用作主語.十、考查"(be+)過去分詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)有類"be過

14、去分詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu),如beinterestedin,beworriedabout,belostin,bedressedin等,也往往是命題的熱點.如：1. inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing分析：答案選B.因表示迷路于是loseoneselfin,題中沒有oneself,所以thetwostudents與lose是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用過去分詞作狀語.2. inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeaco

15、okthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed分析：答案選A.由dress的賓語一定是人或oneself可知,dress與he是動賓關(guān)系,即he與dress是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞作狀語,Dressedin=Asheisdressedin十一、非謂語動詞的綜合考查有時會將多個知識點綜合起來進行考查,如在考查被動式的同時兼考完成式,在考查不splanisunfair定式的同時兼考分詞,等等.如：1. Idon'twantlikeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagerA.toso

16、undB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded分析：答案選A.表示想要做某事wan后只能接todo,排除選項C;soundlike中sound是系動詞,屬不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),排除選項B;sound發(fā)生在want后,故不用完成式,排除選項Do2. “IsBobstillperforming?'dnot.Heisnsafdaithestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft分析：答案選A.因he與leave是主動關(guān)系,不用被動式

17、,排除選項C和D;由already可知,要用完成式.2021-2021年高中英語人教大綱第三冊：UnitlThatmustbearecord備課資料i.異域風(fēng)情1 .TheLongestFenceintheWorldTheAustraliangovernmenthasbuiltthelongestfenceintheworld.Itis9500kilometreslong,andtwohundredmenlookafterit.Theydrivealongitandrepairiteveryday.Sandblowsagainstitandburiesit.Sandblowsawayfromi

18、tandleavesholesunderit.Rabbitsmakeholesthroughit.Theseholesaredangerous.Themanhastorepairthemimmediately.Iftheydonot,thedingoeswillgetin.Dingoesarewilddogs.TheyarethefiercestkillersinAustralia.Wildanimalsusuallykillforfoodbutdingoeswillforpleasure.Onedingocaneasilykill100sheepinanight,oraflockofshee

19、pinafewdays.Dingoeskilled600000sheepinQueenslandinelevenyears.Thosesheepwereworth£2000000.Thefarmerswereangry,buttheycouldnotstopthedingoes.Thisproblemwastoobigforthefarmerstosolve.Sothegovernmentagreedtobuildthefence.Why?BecauseAustraliadependsonhersheep.Sheexports45percentofallthewoolinthewor

20、ld.Shemustwinthefightagainstthedingoes.2 .TheWorld'sLargestLibraryYoumightthinkthelargestlibraryintheworldwouldbeinEurope.Butitisn't.It'sinWashingtonD.C.It'scalledtheLibraryofCongress.PresidentJohnAdamsstartedthelibraryin1800formembersofCongress.Hewantedthemtobeabletoreadbooksaboutla

21、w.Thefirst740bookswereboughtinEngland.TheyweresimplysetupintheroomwhereCongressmet.ThenThomasJeffersonsoldCongressmanyofhisownbooks.HefeltCongressshouldhavebooksonallsubjects,notjustonlaw.Thisideachangedthelibraryforgood.Thelibrarygrewandgrew.Nowitcoversacresofland.Itcontains20millionbooksaswellassc

22、oresofpictures,movies,globesandmachines.Expertsineveryfieldworkthere.Hundredsofpeoplecalleverydaywithallkindsofquestions.Manyofthemgetanswersrightoverthephone.Thelibraryisahughstorehouse.ThomasEdison'sfirstmovieandHoudini'smagicbooksresidethere.Anditistheproudowneroftheworld'sbestcollect

23、ionoficbooks.n.知識歸納1 .名詞化形容詞、名詞化分詞在句中作主語時的主謂一致.定冠詞the與形容詞或分詞連用時起名詞的作用,它們既可以表示一類人,也可以表示一類物.它們在句中作主語時的主謂一致問題應(yīng)注意,現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：(1)the+形容詞或分詞作主語,指一類人時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Thewoundedarewelltakencareofinthehospital.傷員在醫(yī)院得到了很好的照顧.Thelivingaremoreimportanttousthanthedead.對我們來說,活著的人比死者更重要.(2)the+形容詞作主語,表示抽象概念,指一類物時,謂語動詞要

24、用單數(shù)形式.Thelatestisthatheiselectedmanager.最新的消息是他被選為經(jīng)理.Theunknownissuretohappen.預(yù)料不到的事一定會發(fā)生.(3)兩個the+形容詞或分詞由and連接,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Thewoundedandthedyingweretakentohospital.受傷的人和生命垂危的人被送往醫(yī)院.(4)有些表示民族的形容詞,如Chinese,Irish,French及British等與the連用,既可指整個民族,也可專指某國的局部人,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.特指某一個人時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.TheChinesearei

25、ndustriousandbrave.中國人民勤勞勇敢.TheBritishdrinkagreatdealoftea.英國人喝茶.TheChineseisawriter.這位中國人是作家.此句中Chinese是名詞,特指某一個中國人.(5)定冠詞the與above,below,former,latterfirst,last等形容詞連用,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式,要看上下文而定.Theaboveisthemostimportantsentence.上面的句子很重要.Theabovearethemostimportantfacts.上述事實很重要.2 .讓步狀語從句的歸納在中學(xué)階段,我們學(xué)過

26、的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示盡管雖然,即使的詞語通常有although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof等.在這些詞語中除了后兩個是介詞、介詞短語外,其余都是附屬連詞.現(xiàn)將這些詞語的主要用法歸納如下.1附屬連詞although,though,while,as,eventhough,evenif的用法.在正常語序中的讓步狀語從句,通常用although,though,while,eventhough引導(dǎo)從句.該從句可以位于主句前,也可位于主句后.although較正式些,though較口語化,while可與though互換,但whi

27、le不太常用,eventhough含有強調(diào)意味.Although/Though/While/Eventhoughtheworkishard,Ienjoyit.盡管這項工作艱難,但我卻喜歡它.Lucycouldnotgetoutofthetroublealthough/though/while/eventhoughshetriedherbest.雖然露茜盡了盡大努力,但還是未能擺脫困境.注意：在上述兩句中的though,although,while或eventhough都不能用as代替,而且eventhough中的though不能用although代替.讓步狀語從句中的動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來或一

28、般的行為時,常用eventhough/if,而一般不用though,although,while或as.Iwon'tattendthepartyeventhough/ifIaminvited.即使邀請我,我也不會參加這個聚會.但如果though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中有情態(tài)動詞,也可以用eventhough/if跟一般現(xiàn)在時來代替,表示習(xí)慣性的行為.Evenif/thoughyoudon'tlikebeerThoughyoumaynotlikebeer,tryaglassofthis.盡管你不喜歡啤酒,也要喝下這一杯.當(dāng)讓步狀語從句的動詞用虛擬語氣表示與事實相反的假設(shè)時,常用eve

29、nthough或evenif,而不用其他四個連詞.Heisn'tstupid.Eventhough/ifhewereslowinstudy,heshouldn'tgiveuphisstudies.他并不笨,即使他學(xué)得慢一點,也不應(yīng)該放棄學(xué)習(xí).倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句起強調(diào)作用,附屬連詞通常用though,as,而不用although,while,eventhough,這種從句均放在主句之前,位于句首.它的詞序是要把形容詞、副詞、動詞或名詞放在連詞前,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：A.adj./adv.+as/though+主語+其他成分Coldasitwas,theywentonwork

30、ingonthefarm.盡管天冷,但他們繼續(xù)在田里干活.MuchasIlikethenecklace,Iwillnotbuyit.盡管我喜歡這條項鏈,我還是不會買的.B.v.+as+Sub.+情態(tài)動詞助動詞+其他成分Tryasshemight,shecouldn'topenthedoor.雖然她試了幾次,但仍打不開那扇門.C.n.+as+Sub.+其他成分Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是小孩,卻懂很多東西.注意：child前不帶不定冠詞a當(dāng)狀語從句用although/though/eventhough引導(dǎo)時,不能與but連用,但可與yet或still連用,構(gòu)成

31、though/although.yet/still結(jié)構(gòu).Although/Though/Eventhoughhetriedhisbest,(yet/still)hefailed.他雖然竭盡全力,但還是失敗了.(2)despite及inspiteof的用法介詞despite或介詞短語inspiteof的意思都是盡管,雖然,其后都可接名詞(短語)或動名詞(短語),兩者可以互換.Despite/Inspiteofherseriousillness,shecametothemeeting.盡管她病得很重,但仍然來開會了.Wehadawonderfulholiday,despite/inspiteofb

32、adweather.盡管天氣不好,我們的假期還是過得非常愉快.3.burst的用法歸納(1)爆炸,爆裂,爆破(vi.)Theboyputtoomuchairintotheballonanditburst.那男孩把氣球打氣打得太多了,它爆了.Oncetheirwaterpipesfrozeandburst.有一次,他們的水管凍裂了.(2)忽然迸發(fā),忽然出現(xiàn)(vi.)和forth連用Thecherryblossomsburstforthinalltheirbeauty.美麗的櫻花忽然開放了.和into連用Theyweresomovedthattheyburstintotears.他們感動得哭了起來

33、.(3)使裂開,使猛然翻開(vt.)Theriverhasburstitsbanks.河水決堤了.Theyburstthedooropen/burstopenthedoor.他們一下子把門踹開了.(4)burst常見短語歸納burstinto+n.burstout+v.-ingburstintotears/laughter忽然大哭/大笑burstintobloom/flower開花burstintoleaf長葉burstintosong忽然唱起歌來burstintoangryspeech大發(fā)雷霆burstintotheroom闖入房間burstintoastormofabuse破口大罵burs

34、toutcrying/laughing忽然哭/笑起來出.詞語辨析1 .familiarwith,familiartofamiliarwith和familiarto這兩個形容詞短語均有熟悉;通曉之意,均可用作表語、主語補足語和后置定語.但在用法上又有些區(qū)別.(1)familiarwith意為"havingagoodknowledgeof.其主語只能為人,賓語可為人也可為事物,表示某人熟悉某人或某物.BeforeyouleavehomeforEngland,youshouldbefamiliarwithEnglish.在你去英國之前,你應(yīng)首先熟悉英語.Thebookiswrittenfo

35、rreadersfamiliarwiththeGermanlanguage.這本書是為懂德語的人編寫的.(2)familiarto意為"wellknownto.,其主語可為人,也可為事物,但賓語只能為人,表示某人或某事物對某人來說是熟悉的.Englishisfamiliartohim.英語是他的熟門.Therearefacesnotfamiliartome.有幾張面孔我不熟悉.這兩個短語的主語和賓語的位置正好相反,除強調(diào)的語句成分的不同外,其語意不變.She'sfamiliarwiththesubject.=Thesubjectisfamiliartoher.她熟悉這道題目.

36、2 .aswell,aswellas(1)aswell是副詞短語,意思是也,常用于句末.ShespeaksEnglishaswell.她也說英語.I'mgoingtoShanghaiandmybrother'sgoingaswell.我將去上海,我弟弟也去.注意：aswell不用于否認句.另外aswell表示也好；不妨；還是好,放在主要動詞之前,前面常用may,just等.Youmayaswellgo.你去也好.Youjustaswelltellmethetruth.你還是告訴我真相為好.(2)aswellas相當(dāng)于notonly,besides,inadditionto,意思是不僅；除外；還",后面可跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、v.-ing形式等.HereadsGermanaswellasEnglish.他不僅讀英語,而且讀德語.Th