大學英語四級 翻譯語法歸納

1、 四級翻譯部分輔導材料一.常用詞組和句型歸納1. When it comes to- 當談到-時候2. It is commonly believed that-人們普遍認為3. With the development of-隨著-發(fā)展4. -begin to realize the importance of 開始意識到-重要性5. have the responsibility of 有-責任6.have some difficulty of 做某事有困難7. asfaras.beconcerned就.而言8. as a consequence of -結果9. aside from 除

2、了-之外10atsbsdisposal任.處理11.atthecostof以.為代價12.atthemercyof任憑.擺布13.bymeansof用,依靠14.forthesakeof為了,為了.的利益15.inaccordancewith與.一致,按照16.inadditionto除.之外(還)17.inchargeof負責,總管18. have-incommon共用的,共有的19.inconsequence(of)因此;由于20. infavorof支持,贊成21.inhonorof為慶祝,為紀念22.inmemoryof紀念23. inregardto關于,至于24.inrelatio

3、nto關于,涉及25.inreturnfor作為對.報答26.inspiteof盡管27.inthecourseof在.期間/過程中28. intheeventof如果.發(fā)生,萬一29.in(the)lightof鑒于,由于30. onaccountof由于31.onbehalfof代表32.onthegroundsof根據(jù),以.為由33.onthepointof即將.的時刻34.regardlessof不顧,不惜35.thanksto由于,多虧36.underthecircumstances這種情況下37.withtheexceptionof除.之外38. at the thought of

4、一想到39. as a whole (=in general) 就整體而論40.(be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 41.on ones own account 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益(=at ones own risk) 自行負責(=by oneself)依靠自己42.takeinto account(=consider)把.考慮進去43.give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由) 44. account for (=give an explanation or reaso

5、n for) 解釋, 說明.45. accuseof(=chargewith; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告46.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)習慣于. 47.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉48.act on 奉行,按照行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理49.adapt oneself to(=adju

6、st oneself to) 使自己適應于50.adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應新的需要)51.adjust.(to) (=change slightly)調節(jié); 適應;52. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) 的可能，留有的余地.53. in advance (before in time) 預告, 事先. to advantage 有利的,使優(yōu)點更加突出地. have an advantage over 勝過. have the advantage of 由

7、于處于有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, ) 利用.54.ahead of 在之前, 超過;. ahead of time 提前.55.above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.56.allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計到.57.amount to (=to be equ

8、al to) 總計, 等于.58.answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對負責.59.apologize to sb. for sth. 為向道歉60.appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 對某人有吸引力61.apply to sb. for sth. 為向申請; apply for申請; apply to 適用.62. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree t

9、o, consider good, right) 贊 成, approve vt. 批準63arise from(=be caused by) 由引起.64. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排做65. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以為羞恥66.assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向保證, 使確信.67.attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join

10、) 縛, 系 ,結68. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 試圖做69.attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意,照顧;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料70.attributeto(=to believe sth. to be the result of)把.歸因于.認為.是.的結果71.(be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or conscio

11、usness)意識到,知道.72.turn ones back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背 棄,拋棄73.be based on / upon 基于74. on the basis of 根據(jù), 在基礎上76.benefit (from) 受益,得到好處. for the benefit of 為了的利益(好處)77.get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打敗, 勝過.78. blame sb. for sth. 因責備某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把推在某人身上7

12、9. be capable of 能夠, 有能力 be capable of being +過去分詞:是能夠被的80. be cautious of 謹防81.center ones attention on(=focus ones attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在上 input in education 教育投入communal participation 社會參與enhance the moral awareness of 提高的思想品德professional ethics 職業(yè)道德credit system 學分制guarantee job assignments 包分

13、配multidisciplinary 多學科的key university 重點大學national expenditure on education 國家教育經(jīng)費account for% 占百分比intercultural communication 國際文化交流equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼?zhèn)鋞o become educated through independent study 自學成材compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education 學前

14、/初等/中等/高等教育adult education 成人教育vocational and technical education 職業(yè)技術教育institutions of higher learning 高等學校inservice training course 在職進修班compulsory/optional course 必修/選修課record of formal schooling 學歷diploma 文憑， 學歷證明二 重點語法 虛擬語氣 1. If 引導虛擬語氣的用法 If從句 過去時， 主句 would do (與現(xiàn)在事實不符) if had done, would have

15、 done (與過去事實不符) If were/ should do/ were to do, would do (與將來事實不符)例：If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_（就不會被大雨淋了）. 例：You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做). 參考譯文：you had followed my instructions. 參考譯文：would not have been caught in the heavy rain. 2. suggest, advise, propose, move(提議），recomme

16、nd, urge, vote, demand, order, command, desire, require, prefer, arrange 等動詞后的that分句中，should+ 動詞原形構成，should 可以省略3. 在主語從句it + be + suggested/ demanded/ ordered/ required/ important/ necessary/ strange/ natural / it is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder +that should+動詞原 形構成，should 可以省略4. 在for fear that, in ca

17、se, lest 引導的目的狀語從句中， 句中的謂語動詞是由 should+動詞原形構成，should 可以省略；5. 在it is high/about time+(that)從句中，謂語動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形 6. 在wish, would rather, if only, as if, as though引導的從句中， 在without, but, but for, otherwise 等介詞短語引導的條件從句中，如果表示對 現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬，謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果表示對過去事實的虛擬，謂語動詞用過去完成時。 例：The professor required that_(

18、我們交研究報告)。 參考譯文：we (should) hand in our research report(s). 倒裝結構 1.so, such, nor, neither 放在句首時如：I dont know the answer, nor do I care about it.2.否定詞放在句首時 （，never，seldom，not until, in no way, by no means， no sooner-than, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, barely等例：_ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was serious

19、ly ill. 參考譯文：Not until he had finished the mission.本題考查的是“not until”位于句首時 3.虛擬語氣省略if時如：Had I met her, I would have told her about the good news.4. only 放在句首時如：Only when you have lost something will you know how precious it is.5. as, “盡管”如：Hard as he works, he makes no progress.比較結構 比較結構是四級考試翻譯題型的重要考

20、點。它可分為三類：同級比較，差級比較和最高級比較。同級比較的常用表達有asas，the same as，not soas，be equal to 等；差級比較限于兩者之間的比較，常由more/less than 表示，除此之外，inferior to，superior to，junior to，senior to，prior to，preferable to，the morethe more 等特殊的結構也可用于差級比較；最高級比較用于三者或三者以上的比較，常用the+形容詞或副詞的最高級形式來表達。此外，perfect，excellent，topmost，summit 等詞也可表示最高級比較

21、。 例：The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂) 參考譯文：the more confused I am. 例：It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_ （更有可能增加體重）. 參考譯文：more likely to gain /put on weight. 從句 英語從句可分為定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句三大類。 定語從句。定語從句又稱為形容詞性從句，是指在句中做定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句，由關系詞來引導。掌握定語從句的關鍵在于把握關系詞。一般來說，關系詞that 既可代表事物也可代表

22、人；which 代表事物；who 和whom 引導的從句用來修飾人；whose 修飾名詞作定語；where 用來表示地點；when 表示時間；why 表示原因等。 例：The prevent and treatment of AIDS is_(我們可以合作的領域). 參考譯文：a field where/ in which we can cooperate. 例：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _（他 們至今還沒有答案）. 參考譯文：(which/that) they have not c

23、ome up with answers to. 狀語從句。狀語從句是指在句子中作狀語，可以修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的從句。它可表示時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、行為方式和比較關系等。 例：Leaving ones job, (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who lookforward to retiring. 參考譯文：whatever it is/ no matter what it is. 待譯部分是一個讓步狀語從句，應用whatever/ no matter what句型。本題也可譯為what

24、ever job it is/no matter what the job is, 但因主語中已經(jīng)提到job，為了避免重復，所以用it 來代替。 名詞性從句。名詞性從句在句子中起名詞的作用，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞有（that，whether，what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，whichever，whomever，when，where，why，how，how many， how much，if，as if，asthough 等。 例：In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(我比