跟單信用證的流程

1、如有你有幫助，請(qǐng)購買下載，謝謝！跟單信用證的流程1. Thebuyer(consignee)andseller(shipper)negotiateasalescontractusingadocumentarycredit.2. Thedocumentarycreditistypicallyarrangedbytheconsignee.Heretheconsigneesendsacreditapplicationtotheissuingbank.3. Theissuingbanksendsacreditconfirmationtothecorrespondingbank,intheformofa

2、letterofcredit.4. Thecorrespondingbanksendsnotificationtotheshipper(seller)thatcreditarrangementshavebeenmade.5. Aftertheshipper(seller)receivedocumentarycredit,hedispatchesthegoodstothecarrier.6. Theshipperforwardstheshippingdocumentstothecorrespondingbank.7. Thecorrespondingbankcomparestheshipping

3、documentstotheletterofcredit,andifcorrect,releasespaymentofthesaletotheshipper.8. Thecorrespondingbankforwardstheshippingdocumentstotheissuingbank.9. Theissuingbankexaminestheshippingdocuments,andifcorrect,reimbursesthecorrespondingbankforthecreditunderthewaywhichtheyagreedinadvance.10. Afterthecons

4、ignee(buyer)payingtheissuingbankforthegoodsplusinterestandotherchargestheissuingbankreleasestheshippingdocumentstotheconsignee(buyer),thenthebuyercantakedeliveryofgoodswiththedocuments.名詞解釋：L/Clettersofcredit信用證B/Lbilloflading海運(yùn)提單FOB離岸價(jià)CIF到岸價(jià)B/E提單D/A-documentsagainstacceptance承兌交單D/Pdocumentsagainst

5、payment付款交單DEM德國馬克NYSENewYorkstockExchange紐約交易所IPO-initialpublicoffering首次公開募股CFOchieffinancialofficer首席財(cái)務(wù)管理OTCover-the-counter場外交易市場SECsecuritiesandexchangecommission證券交易委員會(huì)NASDAQ-(美)全國證券交易商協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)自動(dòng)報(bào)價(jià)表AMEXAmericanStockExchange美國證券交易所CFACharteredFinancialAnalyst注冊(cè)金融分析師QWL工作生活質(zhì)量IDIinrernationaldirectinv

6、estment國際直接投資FDIforeigndirectinvestment外國直接投資MNE跨國公司簡答1. Whydoescollection(托收)makeexportersrunmorerisks?Collectionmakesexporterrunmorerisks.becausetheexportershipsthecargoesbeforeobtainingthepayment.Whenthegoodsarriveatthedestination,theymightberefusedortheimportermayfindfaultwiththegoods.Ifthishapp

7、ens.theexporterhastodeliverthegoodsinthehandoftheimporterswithlossofprofitortotransportthegoodsback,butthatinvolvescharges.Itisveryclearthatcollectionprovidesmoresecuritytotheimporter.2. Explainbrieflythetwoformsofadocumentarycollection簡要地說明兩種形式的跟單托收1) Whenthepresentingbankpresentsthedocumentstothei

8、mporter,thelattermustacceptthebillbeforehegetsthedocuments.D/Amaybeusedwhenthemarketisthebuyersmarketandwhenthebuyerisconsideredreliable.2) ByD/P,itismeantthattheprincipalgivestheB/Eandtheshippingdocumentstothebankandentruststhebanktocollectthepaymentfromtheimporteronconditionthattheimportereffectsp

9、ayment.Otherwise,theshippingdocumentsshallnotbereleasedtotheimporter.D/P是指負(fù)責(zé)人給了銀行B/E(報(bào)稅單)和運(yùn)輸證明，在進(jìn)口商付了款的條件下委托銀行向進(jìn)口商托收貨款。不然，運(yùn)輸文件不能交給進(jìn)口商。3. Whatarethetwomethodsofquotingexchangerates?4. Whatisaspot/forwardswaptransaction?什么是即期/遠(yuǎn)期掉期交易？1) Thespottransactionsholdakeypositionintheexchangemarket.Themainweig

10、htofbusinessfallsonthespot,andotherratesarequotedbyreferencetothespot.Inaspottransaction,thesettlementanddeliveryofcurrenciestakeplacetwobusinessdaysafterthetransactiondateofthedeal即期交易在交易市場上占據(jù)核心地位。大部分的交易是即期的，其他匯率的標(biāo)價(jià)也涉及到即期。在即期交易中，協(xié)議和貨幣的輸出發(fā)生在成交日后的兩個(gè)交易日內(nèi)。2) Aforwardtransactionisonethatistransactedford

11、eliveryofcurrenciesatsomedatebeyondspotdateThedeliverydateandpriceareagreeduponatthetimethecontractismade.Purchasesandsalesfordeliverythreemonthsandsixmonthshencearecommon.Longertermsuptooneyearormoreareusuallyavailable遠(yuǎn)期的交易是為了在同一個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)除了現(xiàn)款交易日期的貨幣的流通而辦理的交易。流通日期和價(jià)格是在合同已經(jīng)簽訂的前提下制定的。因此為了流通三個(gè)月和六個(gè)月的購買和銷售是很正

12、常的。更長的時(shí)間到一年或是更長一般也是可接受的。Concerningthesecuritiesmarkets,whatdoprimarymarketsandsecondarymarketshandle?考慮到安全市場，基礎(chǔ)市場和次級(jí)市場處理些什么？Whataretherolesofinvestmentbankers?投資銀行家的角色是什么？Investmentbankersarespecialistswhoassistintheissueandsaleofnewsecurities.Investmentbankersalsounderwritenewissuesofbondsorstocks.

13、Inotherwords,theinvestmentbankingfirmbuystheentirebondorstockissueacompanywantstosellatanagreed-ondiscount,andthensellstheissuetoprivateorinstitutionalinvestorsatfullprice.5. Whatcanbecalled“insidertrading“andhowtointerprettheterm“insiders”?什么可以被稱為內(nèi)部交易？同時(shí)如何去解釋“insider”這個(gè)詞？Insidertradinginvolvestheus

14、eofknowledgeorinformationthatindividualsgainthroughtheirpositionthatallowsthemtobenefitunfairlyfromfluctuationsinsecurityprices.Thekeywordsherearebenefitunfairly.Insiderwithinafirmarepermittedtobuyandsellstockinthecompanytheyworkforsolongastheydonottakeunfairadvantageofinformation.6. Whyitisnecessar

15、yforacompanytogetitsnewproductsintothemarketasquicklyaspossible?為什么對(duì)于公司而言，讓他們的新產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入市場越快越好是必須的？Ifanewproducthasbeensuccessfullytestmarketed,itisreadyforfullmarketintroduction,Thecostsofintroducinganewproductoftenarequitehigh,Theproductmustbeadvertisedtointroduceitsbenefitstoconsumers.Aneworreviseddis

16、tributionnetworkmaybeneeded.Thecompanymayneedtodeveloptrainingprogramsforitssalesforce,Topayforthesecosts,thecompanyneedstogetitsnewproductsintothemarketasquicklyaspossible.Theearlieraproductcanbebroughttomarket,thechancethatrevenuesandprofitswillbehigh.Fastproductdevelopmentisanimportantwaytobeatth

17、ecompetitionandtoestablishleadershipintheproductcategory.Thefirstcompanytointroduceanewproducthasanadvantageinacquiringcustomersandinbuildingbrandloyalty.8. Whatdothenotionsoftaxneutralityandtaxequitymean?稅收中性和稅收公平的概念意味著什么？Taxneutralitymeansthattaxeshavenoeffect(areneutral)onresourceallocation.Thati

18、s,businessdecisionsaredrivenbyeconomicfundamentals,suchasrateofreturn,ratherthantaxconsiderations.Taxequitymeansthattaxpayerswhoaresimilarlysituatedshouldpaythesametax.Butthereismuchdisagreementoverhowtointerpretthisconcept.9. Whydoesimitativebehaviorcharacterizeforeigndirectinvestment?為什么模仿行為表示了國外直接投資的典型？ConsideranoligopolyintheUnitedStatesinwhichthreefirmsABandC-dominatethemarket.FirmAestablishesasubsidiaryinFrance.FirmsBandCreflectthatifthisinvestmentissuccessful,