八級英語語法點及重點短語

1、八年級重點語法句型語法：1、動詞1)情態(tài)動詞 modal verbs) 情態(tài)動詞可以用來表示“提議 、“建議或“請求等。情態(tài)動詞 should 作“應該；應當；可以講，用以表達職責和義務、提出勸告， 而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。其后動詞接原型。例如：a用于表示"應該"或"不應該"的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clea n han ds 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。b 用于提出意見勸導別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服

2、，你最好去看醫(yī)生。c用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。She should be here any mome nt.她隨時都可能來。情態(tài)動詞 could 用于有禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘埱蟆. 表示“能力或“可能性，作為can的過去形式。如：Could you speak English then？ 那時你能講英語嗎？ He said he couldn't follow me. 他說他跟不上我。b. 表示驚異、疑心、不相信等情緒。如：Who could ha

3、ve taken them？ 誰會把它們拿走了呢？ She couldn't have left so soon. 她不可能這么快就走了。在這種情況下，could和can是可以換用的，用could時口氣較緩和，用can時不 相信的程度更強一些，兩者在時間上沒有差異。c. 比擬委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。如： Could you let me have your passport? Yes, here it is.看看你的護照好嗎？行，這就是。I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果必要我可以早點來。 這時 could 和 can 沒有時間上的差異。

4、2、過去進行時 past progressive tense1過去進行時的定義 過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作， 或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動作。如：I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那時，我正在跟李華談話。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看電視。2過去進行時的結(jié)構(gòu) 過去進行時由“ was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。如： I was doing my lessons then. 那時，我在做功課。 We were clea ning the house.我們

5、在清掃房子。3使用過去進行時應注意的幾點(1) 過去進行時可表示按方案、安排過去某時刻將要發(fā)生的動作。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他說他今天下午要去北京。(2) 動詞hope, wonder等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們一 起活動?(3) 過去進行時中有 always, forever, continually, consta

6、ntly修飾時，表示說話 人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如：He was always thinking of others. 他總是想到人家。3、現(xiàn)在完成時 present perfect tense)1表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I need 到. 現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需 的全部資料。She has read 150 pages toda 她今天已看了 150 頁。We have n't met for many years 我們已多年沒見了。They have developed a new pro

7、duct他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。2表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎 ?She has bee n to the Uni ted States她已去美國了。You have grow n much taller你長高了許多。 3表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has bee n five years since he joined the army他參軍五年了。They have lear ned En glish for eight years 他們已學了 八年的英語了。So far we'

8、;ve on ly discussed the first five chapters至 今我們還只討論了前五章。3、連詞both and:表示“兩者都。注意：當bothand連接主語時，后面動詞一般要用復數(shù)。如： Both Lily and Lucy are right.not only but also: “不僅而且。注意：后面動詞采用就近原那么，與but also后的詞保持一致。如： Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.either- or: “或者或者。注意謂語動詞采用就近原那么。如：Either youor I

9、am wrong.neither- nor:既不也不 "是“ eitheror"的否認形式。謂語動詞采用就近原那么，與nor后的詞保持一致。如： Neither you nor he is right.4、狀語從句 狀語從句專題句法重點 狀語從句是中考詞匯和句法局部考查的重點內(nèi)容之一。 狀語的功用： 狀語說明地 點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等在復習狀語從句時 ,主要任務是弄清楚引導各種狀語從句的連詞的用法?，F(xiàn)就主 要考查點簡述如下 :主要有 when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until

10、, as soon a等。 其中when while和as都可表示"當時候",但用法有區(qū)別： when意為"在時;當時",可表示"點時間"或"段時間",從句謂語可以是終止性動詞 ,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞。例如 ：When I got home, he was having supper. as意為"邊邊"或"與同時"，重在表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。伴隨 進行。as從句是終止性動詞時，主句通常也必須是終止性動詞。例如：They sang as they danced. while只可表

11、示"段時間",從句謂語只限于延續(xù)性動詞。例如：While I was sleeping, my father came in.注:從句謂語是持續(xù)性動詞時,when、while和as可以互換原因狀語從句一般由 because,since, as, for 引導？注意 as,because,sinc和 for 的區(qū)別： 如果原因是構(gòu)成句子的最主要局部，一般用because because引導的從句一 般不放在句子的開頭。例如 ：I missed the train because I got up late.注:對于以why開頭的問句，一般只能用because引導的從句來答復。

12、 如果原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其余局部重要，就用as或sincesince 比as稍微正式一些。as和si nee引導的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.Since this method doesn't work, let's try another. for表示所說的理由是一種補充說明，因此,for引導的從句可以放在括號里， 而且 for 引導的從句一般不放在句子的開頭。例如 ：I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was f

13、eeling quite hungry.主要有 so/such that,so that 等。1) so.that結(jié)構(gòu)在某種情況下可以與 enough to和too.to結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例 如:She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.2) so that也可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句，意為"結(jié)果是；以致于"。例如：They missed the bus so that they were la

14、te for class. so.that. 句型的意思是“如此/這么以致于，常引導結(jié)果狀語從句，但“so.that.是個愛“變 臉句型，你一不留意就會出錯?！?so.that.句型及其轉(zhuǎn)換也是中考的熱點，現(xiàn)將其用法總結(jié)歸納如下，讓我們一起來看看它是怎樣變的吧。注意：so. that.句型中的so是副詞，常常用來修飾形容詞或副詞，常用句型為：主語 + 謂語 +so+adj. / adv. + that從 句。例如：1. he is so young that she can't look after herself.2. The boy ran so fast that I could

15、n't catch him.3. He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.在“such. that.句型中，such修飾名詞，意思也是“如此以致于但當名詞前有 many、much、(a) few、(a) little等詞修飾時，句子中要用“so.that. 而不能用“ such.that.。例如：1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted.2. I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.3

16、. There is litte water in the glass that I can't drink any more. 4引導目的狀語從句的連詞so that也可引導目的狀語從句,此時可用to或in order to替換，將其改為簡單句。 例如 ：He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early.5. 引導讓步狀語從句的連詞tho

17、ugh, although注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有 but，但是though和yet可連用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫?。He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 諺語6. 引導條件狀語從句的連詞要點： 表示狀語從句由連詞

18、if, unless =if not 引導。1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨 , 我們就去遠足 .2.You will get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力學習 ,就會取得好成績 .3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too. 我不會去參加聚會的 , 除非他也去 .如果他不去 ,我也不去 . 難點提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態(tài)的正確使用,當主句是將來時的時候 ,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時 .7引導地點狀語從句的連

19、詞地點狀語從句由 where, wherever,引導，如：We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。2地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別where引導定語從句時，從句前應有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞；而狀語從句 前那么無需先行詞。如：Go back where you came from.where?丨導地點狀語從句 你從何處來到何處去。Go back to the village where you came from.wher氏丨導定語從句，修飾 village 回到你來的那個村子里去。重點語法：一般將來時態(tài)的應用do/does 的

20、一般將來時態(tài)形式： (shall/will) dodo/does 的一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)： (shall/will) be done 一般將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句、疑問句形式： 肯定句例句： People will have robots in a few years. 否認句例句： People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years. 一般疑問句例句： Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑問句例句： What will people have in a few years?重點語法：

21、過去將來時態(tài)將來時態(tài)的委婉說法do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)形式： (should/would) dodo/does 的過去將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)： (should/would) be done 過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句、疑問句形式： 肯定句例句： You should write a letter to him. 否認句例句： You shouldn't write a letter to him. 一般疑問句例句： Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑問句例句： What should I do?重點語法：過去進行時態(tài)do/does 的過去進行時態(tài)

22、形式： (was/were) doingdo/does 的過去進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)： (was/were) being done 過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句和疑問句形式： 肯定句例句： I was walking down the street when a UFO landed. 否認句例句： I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 一般疑問句例句： Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑問句例句： What were you doing when

23、a UFO landed? 動詞 when 和 while 的選擇： when 后加瞬間動詞， while 后加延續(xù)性動詞。 例句： The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感慨句結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞=(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞 例句： What a beautiful flower it is!=H

24、ow beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重點語法：賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句 主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語例句： I'm good at English. He says. 改為加賓語從句的復合句 He says I'm good at English.注意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受其影響。例句： He says I'm good at English now.He says I was go

25、od at mathematics when I was young. 主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)。例句： He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. 賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句： Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 動詞原形不能作主語，必須

26、用其-ing形式。例句： She said helping others changed her life.重點語法： if 引導的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句if + 條件狀語從句 + comma + 主句注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態(tài)，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在 時態(tài)。例句： You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. 重點語法：現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)形式：

27、 have/has been doing do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)： have/has been being done 現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)所應用的場合：某事從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響 例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自從那次他與我談過心后，我天天都在進步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句和疑問句形式： 肯定句例句： I have been ska

28、ting for five hours. 否認句例句： I haven't been skating for five hours. 一般疑問句例句： Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑問句例句： How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。重點語法： mind one's doing sth. 介意某人做某事 重點語法：詢問別人為什么要做或者不做某事why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.例句： Why don't you

29、 get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about例句： How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重點語法：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)形式： (have/has) donedo/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)： (have/has) been done 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。 例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。I have ever been to America. It&#

30、39;s the first time for me to go abroad. 重點句型短語 in five years on computer on paper live in as a reporter free timefall in love with like doing sth keep a parrot want sb. to do sth. play one's stereo stay at home argue with sb / have an argument with sb. be out of style write sb a letter/write to

31、 talk about on the phone surprise sb.pay forget a part-time job borrow sth. from sb.get out (of)in front of / in the front oftake off buy for land on shout to / at run away come in hear about the Museum of Flight happen to stop doing take place as. as first of all pass on be supposed to do better in

32、 be in good health report card get over open up care for have a party for sb. be mad at sb all the time一直，始終in order to為了have a party 舉行聚會 go to college上大學be famous for因而著稱in fact事實上laugh at嘲笑too much太多get exercise鍛煉travel around the world 周游世界work hard努力工作wear jeans穿牛仔褲get an education 獲得教育in fact其

33、實；實際上run out of 用完；用盡by the way順便；附帶說說be in terested in對感興趣more than比多make a list of列清單thanks for doing sth. 感謝某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事not at all一點也不turn down調(diào)節(jié)收音機等 使音量變小right away立刻；馬上wait in line排隊等候cut in line插隊keep down控制at first首先break the rule不服從；不遵守put out熄滅put on穿上pick up撿起even if即使

34、fall asleep 入睡give awayrather tha n贈送勝于hear of 聽說take an in terest in對感興趣make frie nds with 與交友Uni t1 :Whe n was she born?She was born in 1996.How long did David sta nd in a box of ice?Whe n did he start writi ng?How old was Mo Yan whe n he left school?Why was he famous?/what made him famous?with gr

35、eat tale ntstreet artistpaint pictures on the groundget in troublewin the Nobel Prize in Literatureexpect to do sth.all over the worldpen n ame ;real n amebe born into a farmer ' s familydrop out of schooltry every means to do sth.with sth.( no more books) at handHe read it _so many timesJhat he

36、 found several mistakes in it. join the armybecome famousbe made into a film become in terested in his worksshort storytoo to ride a bike spend time with sb.spenc其它用法 win a skating competition enjoy doing sth.become seriously ill have bad health keep on doing sth. take piano lessons give concerts to

37、uch the heart of sb.break uppersonal informationWhat do you think of our school? kind of strict happen to sb.feel unsure of sth a good starting point turn to sb.more and more+adj walk through the door come overhave a secret feeling of fear stand in a corner help sb. do sth.pass the time make small t

38、alk wait in line break the icedepend on give sb. a chance to do sth.on vacation trek through the jungle take it easy in general some day as soon as possible come true thousands of so that quite a few on the other hand hold on to one ' s dream in the futureI like places where the weather is alway

39、s warm. Where would you like to go？ in this season at this time of year It ' s convenient to do sth. take the underground train pack light clothes provide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth. be willing to do sth.achieve one ' s dream find it difficult to do sth. the secret to language learni

40、ng be afraid to do sth. body language the expressions on the faces key words be interested in look up the word in the dictionary ask sb. for help work with friends make word cards listen to tapes How do you study for a test?I study by improve my speaking skills spoken English It s'hard to do sth

41、.give a report get the main idea at first word by word It takes time.The more you read, the faster you' ll be.because of poor pronunciation fall in love withhave a better understanding of sth. be born with have sth. in common get bored take notes draw mind maps the Lantern Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Water Festival eat five meals a dayput on five pounds lose weight in two weeks be similar to. throw water at each other in the shape of. folk stories lay out