非謂語(yǔ)（課堂PPT）

1、1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2makemake主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能句法功能一般一般式式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式一般一般式式完成式完成式 主主賓賓 表表 定定 狀狀 補(bǔ)補(bǔ)不定不定式式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞動(dòng)名動(dòng)名詞詞過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較詳析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較詳析 3makemake主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能句法功能一般一般式式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式一般一般式式完成式完成式 主主賓賓 表表 定定 狀狀 補(bǔ)補(bǔ)不定不定式式to to makemaketo be to be makingmakingto to have have mademadeto be to b

2、e mademadeto have to have been been mademade 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞makingmaking having having mademadebeing being mademadehaving having been been mademade 動(dòng)名動(dòng)名詞詞 過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞 made made 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較詳析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較詳析 1、作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞一般表示比較一般表示比較抽象抽象的的一般行為一般行為不定式不定式表示表示具體具體的動(dòng)作，特別是的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。 常用于常用于It is + adj./n. + to do

3、 的句型中。的句型中。Smoking is not allowed here. (表習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好、或抽象的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常做的事表習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好、或抽象的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常做的事情。情。)2. To smoke so much is not good for you. (表具體的、一次性動(dòng)作、要做的事情。表具體的、一次性動(dòng)作、要做的事情。)52. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president

4、 attended D. The presidents attending 1. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. To lose C. Losing D. Because of losing62、作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞一般表示比較一般表示比較抽象抽象的的一般行為。一般行為。不定式不定式表示表示具體具體的動(dòng)作，特別是的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。Their job is building houses. (抽象、經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作抽象、經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作)Their work is

5、 to build another bridge across the river. (具體、要做的動(dòng)作具體、要做的動(dòng)作)A. A. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別72、作表語(yǔ)、作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過(guò)去分現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人令人的的”，過(guò)去分詞表示，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到感到”.”.常見(jiàn)的分詞有：常見(jiàn)的分詞有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying

6、, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusingThe news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.B. B. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別8Oh！ My God! A file seems _ by mistake! A. deleted B. to

7、 be deleted C. being deleted D. to have been deleted2. This couple was very _ when they knew that they were envied because of their dwelling place. A. surprising B. to be surprised C. surprised D. surprise3、作賓語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)1) 動(dòng)名詞可作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)2) 動(dòng)詞不定式一般作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式一般作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)詞to do 可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)?？勺鹘樵~的賓

8、語(yǔ)。They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather.Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.101. I dont want _like I m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sound

9、ed C. sounding D. to have sounded 2. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別不大，動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別不大，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：這樣的動(dòng)詞有：like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,propose,deserve,

10、need,cantbear, 等。等。Do you like playing (to play) chess?When did you begin learning (to learn) English?Your suit needs ironing ( to be ironed). 3、作賓語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)注注意意【1】在在like ,hate, prefer like ,hate, prefer 等動(dòng)詞之后，等動(dòng)詞之后，如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；如指特定的或某次行動(dòng)，多用不定式。如指特定的或某次行動(dòng)，多用不定式。 Ilikereadingbookso

11、fthiskind,butIdontliketoreadthatbook. Shepreferwalkingtocycling. Iprefertostayathometoday.注注意意【2 2】在在begin, startbegin, start后，如果表示有意識(shí)后，如果表示有意識(shí)地開(kāi)始做某事，多用動(dòng)名詞；如果動(dòng)作自地開(kāi)始做某事，多用動(dòng)名詞；如果動(dòng)作自動(dòng)或突然開(kāi)始，則多用不定式。動(dòng)或突然開(kāi)始，則多用不定式。He began talking about his plan for summer holiday.Suddenly it began to rain.We started worki

12、ng on the program in 2001.2) 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別很大。作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別很大。有：有： remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, continue, mean, try, 等。等。remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 已經(jīng)發(fā)生已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，的動(dòng)作，remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 動(dòng)作動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。stop/ go on to do 停下來(lái)、繼續(xù)去做停下來(lái)、繼續(xù)去做另一件另一件事事stop/ go on doing 停止

13、停止/繼續(xù)繼續(xù)正在做正在做的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作try doing 嘗試著做嘗試著做try to do sth. 試圖做，盡力做試圖做，盡力做mean doing 意思是意思是,意味著意味著mean to do 打算要做打算要做3)3)在動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞want , require, need, want , require, need, 等后等后 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用人作主語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用人作主語(yǔ)；名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（=to be done)=to be done)，用物作主語(yǔ)。，用物作主語(yǔ)。Someone needs to see you , sir.The wall

14、needs repairing(= to be repaired). I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(= to be cut).16 1. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 2. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting

15、. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done173. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B

16、. resting C. to rest D. rest184、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。I found them painting the windows. I found the windows painted. I heard a little girl singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I pass

17、ed by her room yesterday.在在see, hear, notice等感官動(dòng)詞和等感官動(dòng)詞和have等使役動(dòng)詞之后，等使役動(dòng)詞之后， 1) doing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行發(fā)生表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行發(fā)生 2）to do 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,動(dòng)作全過(guò)程已結(jié)束；動(dòng)作全過(guò)程已結(jié)束； 3）done表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。I saw him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs. Dont have me waiting for you outside .I wont. I just have my hair cut.4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

18、足語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)201Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive2. The mangers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out1. 1. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾名詞的用途

19、，常常動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾名詞的用途，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；放在所修飾名詞之前；2. 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常常放動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常常放在所修飾名詞之后。在所修飾名詞之后。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.These passages may be used as listening materials.5、作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)5、作定語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)1、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞在邏輯上是作定

20、語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞在邏輯上是主主謂關(guān)系謂關(guān)系，說(shuō)明被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或特征；，說(shuō)明被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或特征； 2、過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與修飾詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與修飾詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。The meeting is very important.They lived in a room .I hate to see letters .231. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic

21、at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded2. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewelry made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. having worn B. to wear C. worn D. wearing243. With a lot of difficult problems _,the n

22、ewly-elected president is having a hard time.settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled4.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing25分詞分詞可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。目的、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。 v Hearing the new, they immediat

23、ely set off for Shanghai.v Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.v If bitten by a snake, you should send for help and dont walk.6、作狀語(yǔ)、作狀語(yǔ)26vNot having done his homework, he was afraid to be punished.vBeing so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospitalvThey open

24、ed fire，killing one of our policemenvThe girl returned home, followed by his boyfriend.6、作狀語(yǔ)、作狀語(yǔ)分詞分詞可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。的、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。 27v The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend.vA few days later he came back only to find that she had left.v I am glad to see you.6、

25、作狀語(yǔ)、作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示：不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示：1.1.目的目的- to/ in order to /so as to/- to/ in order to /so as to/2.2.結(jié)果結(jié)果表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。 常用常用onlyonly強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)。3.3.原因原因表示造成情感變化的原因。表示造成情感變化的原因。281. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. taking

26、B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken2. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.AHaving found BFinding out CFind out DTo find out293. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separa

27、ted B. Having separated C To be separated D. Having been separated 4. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told305. In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our