本科專業(yè)論文工作手冊

1、論文裝訂、匯編及歸檔1、 學(xué)生須于答辯日前10天向指導(dǎo)教師提交論文（設(shè)計）的正式稿（打印文稿2份，電子稿1份）。2、 打印稿以A4紙打印，格式必須按照學(xué)校最新設(shè)計規(guī)范制作，并按以下順序裝訂：（1）論文裝訂順序：1） 封面2） 致謝3） 論文目錄4） 論文主體（包括中/英文摘要，關(guān)鍵詞和正文）5） 參考文獻(xiàn)6） 附錄（非必需）7） 誠信聲明（2）附件裝訂順序1）開題報告2）指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)記錄表3）論文成績表（含指導(dǎo)教師評價表、同行教師評審表和答辯委員會評定表各1份）4）答辯記錄表3、學(xué)生上交學(xué)院的電子稿應(yīng)將上述各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容制作為1個文件，學(xué)院匯總學(xué)生電子稿制作成光盤2份，1份交學(xué)院教務(wù)室保存，1份交學(xué)

2、院資料室保存。電子稿光盤中，各學(xué)生論文應(yīng)各以“學(xué)號姓名論文題目”命名，以便查詢。4、學(xué)院教學(xué)秘書負(fù)責(zé)將交來學(xué)生的論文（設(shè)計）文稿及電子稿光盤建檔妥善存放。關(guān)于英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文寫作的暫行規(guī)定撰寫畢業(yè)論文是本科教學(xué)計劃中必不可少的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，是對學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)水平和研究能力的一次綜合性考核，也是在學(xué)期間運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基本理論、基本知識、基本技能去分析問題、解決問題，進(jìn)行理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的最后一次重要的訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)。為加強(qiáng)對畢業(yè)論文的指導(dǎo)和管理，保證畢業(yè)論文的順利完成，提高畢業(yè)論文的質(zhì)量，以保證教學(xué)質(zhì)量和畢業(yè)生的培養(yǎng)規(guī)格，特作如下規(guī)定：一、撰寫畢業(yè)論文的基本要求1畢業(yè)論文的撰寫是一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造性勞動，每位畢業(yè)班

3、學(xué)生必須嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真對待畢業(yè)論文的寫作。學(xué)生在撰寫論文的全過程中，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮主觀能動性，并遵從教師的指導(dǎo)，在規(guī)定的時間范圍內(nèi)獨(dú)立完成反映本人最高水平的論文。不允許抄襲他人的研究成果，更不允許由他人代作。發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的情況，論文不予通過，即不能畢業(yè)。2論文應(yīng)堅持四項(xiàng)基本原則，政治觀點(diǎn)、理論觀點(diǎn)正確；力求有作者自己的創(chuàng)見和觀點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)明確，論據(jù)充分，理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際；論文應(yīng)有深度、有分析，材料豐富、可靠，并經(jīng)科學(xué)加工，而不是對一般事物的簡單敘述和介紹，也不是別人觀點(diǎn)和材料的堆積；中心突出，層次分明，論述清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，文字流暢。3論文中所用引文、數(shù)據(jù)，必須注明出處，包括著作的作者姓名、被應(yīng)用的文章名或書名，出版

4、社的地址、名稱和出版時間，頁碼等。引文和參考文獻(xiàn)的格式另行規(guī)定。4論文字?jǐn)?shù)：正文不少于4,000個英語單詞。5上交的論文必須按照規(guī)定的格式打印，字跡工整清潔，統(tǒng)一封面顏色，裝訂成冊，一式兩份。二、撰寫畢業(yè)論文的步驟和方法1選題：學(xué)生根據(jù)本專業(yè)列出的題目進(jìn)行選題。選題時，要在首先考慮題目意義的同時，根據(jù)本人的興趣、基礎(chǔ)和條件，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目。2準(zhǔn)備階段：在已學(xué)知識的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)掌握相關(guān)的知識；調(diào)查研究、搜集資料，圍繞選題，搜集、閱讀有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料；了解和掌握在本題目上已有的研究成果，各種不同的觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、數(shù)據(jù)資料，大力提倡學(xué)生在網(wǎng)上查詢；認(rèn)真考慮本篇論文所要闡述的中心、主要觀點(diǎn)及主要論據(jù)、

5、寫作的框架。3撰寫提綱：論文提綱應(yīng)列入文章的綱、目，分為幾個部分或幾個層次。寫明論文的中心、重點(diǎn)、主要觀點(diǎn)、結(jié)論等。提綱完成后，交指導(dǎo)教師審定。4寫作初稿：寫作過程中要繼續(xù)搜集、補(bǔ)充資料，寫作要層次分明，條例清楚，觀點(diǎn)正確，旗幟鮮明，論證有理有據(jù)，具有說服力。文章的文字要簡潔、通順、流暢、無錯別字。凡引用文字、數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)注明出處。寫完初稿后，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容分別用英文和中文寫一份300350字左右的論文提要并附上關(guān)鍵詞。5論文送指導(dǎo)教師審閱：將論文的初稿及提要送交指導(dǎo)教師審閱，根據(jù)指導(dǎo)教師提出的修改意見，進(jìn)行修改，直到指導(dǎo)教師認(rèn)可為止。6將論文按規(guī)定的規(guī)格打印清楚，送交指導(dǎo)教師。三、畢業(yè)論文的文本格

6、式（一）用紙規(guī)格本科畢業(yè)論文一律用A4幅面紙打印，左側(cè)裝訂。（二）封面格式（1）學(xué)科代碼及學(xué)號：在右上角，五號宋體。（2）標(biāo)題：貴州師范大學(xué)（本科）（二號加粗，居中）畢業(yè)論文（一號加粗，另行居中）。（3）題目：1、 主題用小三號小標(biāo)宋體，居中；字?jǐn)?shù)在20個以內(nèi)；2、 副題在主題下方，前面加“”號，四號楷體。3、 英文標(biāo)題在上，中文標(biāo)題在下。與以下內(nèi)容空一行。（4）學(xué)院：就讀學(xué)院全稱，小三號楷體，居中。（5）專業(yè)：專業(yè)全稱，小三號楷體，居中。（6）年級：小三號楷體，居中。（7）作者：小三號楷體，居中。（8）指導(dǎo)教師姓名及職稱：小三號楷體，居中。（9）完成時間：標(biāo)明年月日，小三號楷體，居中。（三）

7、論文格式（1）致謝辭以簡短的文字對在畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）過程中給予直接幫助的教師或單位、個人表示自己的謝意。致謝辭（Acknowledgements）需單頁放在論文目錄前。標(biāo)題用小四號Times New Roman加粗；內(nèi)容文字使用小四號Times New Roman普通體；1.5倍行距。（2）題目：1、主題用小二號小標(biāo)宋體，居中；2、副題在主題下方，前面加“”號，四號楷體，居中。（3）中文摘要：1、在論文標(biāo)題下方空一行，五號楷體；單倍行距；2、文字簡明、確切，300字以內(nèi)；3、以提供論文內(nèi)容梗概為目的，以研究目的、方法、結(jié)果和結(jié)論為基本要素；4、可以指明論文主題范圍及內(nèi)容梗概的報道性摘要，也可以

8、指明論文論題及取得成果的性質(zhì)和水平的指示性摘要，還可以以報道性摘要形式表述論文中信息價值較高的部分、以指示性摘要形式表述論文其余部分的報道指示性摘要；5、不應(yīng)簡單重復(fù)標(biāo)題中已有的信息；6、不用評論和解釋，不分段，采用第三人稱、記述方式，不用“本文”、“作者”等作主語；不用數(shù)學(xué)公式、化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)式及圖表；不用引文。（5）中文關(guān)鍵詞：1、在中文摘要下方，與中文摘要之間不空行，用五號楷體；單倍行距；2、關(guān)鍵詞是從標(biāo)題、層次標(biāo)題（即文內(nèi)小標(biāo)題）和正文中選出的、能反映論文主題概念的詞或詞組；3、關(guān)鍵詞數(shù)量35個，用分號隔開。（6）英文摘要（Abstract）：1、在中文關(guān)鍵詞下方，與中文關(guān)鍵詞之間空一行，五

9、號Times New Roman字體；單倍行距；2、內(nèi)容應(yīng)與中文摘要相對應(yīng)；3、采用第三人稱表述；4、時態(tài)采用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時；5、涉及中文地名用漢語拼音字母拼寫，少數(shù)民族地名則需參照漢語拼音中國地名手冊選用。（7）英文關(guān)鍵詞（Key words）：1、在英文摘要下方，與英文關(guān)鍵詞之間不空行，五號Times New Roman字體；單倍行距；2、與中文關(guān)鍵詞相對應(yīng)；4、 關(guān)鍵詞數(shù)量35個，用分號隔開。（8）正文：1、在所有正文內(nèi)容均使用小四號Times New Roman字體；1.5倍行距；2、引言部分在英文關(guān)鍵詞下方空一行，小四號宋體；1.5倍行距。3、引言中以簡短的篇幅介紹論文的寫作

10、背景、目的，介紹相關(guān)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)前人已做的工作和研究概況，說明本文所做工作與前人已做工作的關(guān)系及本文所做工作的意義；也可簡要說明論文的理論依據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)和研究方法、研究內(nèi)容，或預(yù)示本研究的結(jié)果、意義和前景；4、引言必須突出論文主題。5、正文中的層次劃分和編排方法：題序?qū)哟慰煞譃槿舾杉墸话悴怀^四級為宜。第一級：,；四號Times New Roman加粗第二級：1，2，3，；小四號Times New Roman加粗第三級：1.1, 1.2, 1.3,；或者1）2）3）；小四號Times New Roman字體第四級：, 1.1.2, 1.1.3,；或者（1）（2）（3）；小四號Times New R

11、oman字體6、文中舉例如需編號，用： ；小四號Times New Roman字體7、文中參考、引用其它文獻(xiàn)，均應(yīng)以夾注方式注明出處，即在文中引文后（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號前）加小括號標(biāo)注引用文作者、發(fā)表日期和頁碼如：(Halliday, 1993,p.89), 在文末著錄參考文獻(xiàn)；一種文獻(xiàn)在文中被重復(fù)引用，不必重復(fù)編排；8、文中涉及到量和單位、圖、表、數(shù)學(xué)式、化學(xué)式、數(shù)字、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等，應(yīng)按國家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)定書寫。（9）參考文獻(xiàn)：1、在正文后，用小四號粗體寫出 “Bibliography”；其內(nèi)容用小四號Times New Roman字體；1.5倍行距。2、英文參考書目按其作者姓名的字母順序排序；中文參考書

12、目按其作者姓名的拼音順序排序，不使用任何序號。英文參考書目的編排規(guī)則如下：第一作者按其作者姓名的字母順序排序；第二作者按英文正常順序編排，即名在前、姓在后。具體情況相見附錄11（論文參考書目格式范本）。（10）附錄不宜放入正文中但有參考價值的內(nèi)容可編入附錄，如調(diào)查問卷、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄表、公式的推演、編寫的算法、語言程序、設(shè)計圖紙等。（11）誠信聲明作者必須在此聲明所寫內(nèi)容是自己研究的結(jié)果，而沒有抄襲或剽竊他人的作品的行為。字體為：標(biāo)題Declaration使用四號Times New Roman黑字體；內(nèi)容使用小四號Times New Roman字體；1.5倍行距。作者需要在這部分親筆簽名。英語專

13、業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文引文及參考文獻(xiàn)格式規(guī)范I. IntroductionAcademic writing may use American Psychological Association (APA) Style, Modern Language Association (MLA) Style, the Chicago Style, and so on. But APA and MLA are two commonly used ones. Both can be found in “style manuals” bearing their names，for example, APAs Publ

14、ication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) and MLAs MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (1999).The choice as to which style is appropriate for a given paper may be determined by three factors: the requirements of the particular course, the standard for the discipline in

15、which you are studying, or your individual preference. A safe way is to consider which style will be most appropriate for your area of specialization. If you are pursuing a major in the humanities, consider learning the MLA style. If behavioral or social sciences are likely to be your interest, then

16、 the APA style may be most appropriate. Generally, humanities disciplines may include literary, philosophical, cultural, historical, translation studies, and the like. Social sciences may include applied linguistics, psycholinguistics, foreign language teaching, second language acquisition studies,

17、and the like, which are mostly empirical studies involving statistic analyses.II. APA for Academic Writing: Essentials1. Text citationsSource material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The reader can obtain the full source citation from t

18、he list of references that follows the body of the paper.A. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of publication appears in parentheses following the identification of the authors. The word “and” is used before the last author when multi

19、ple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of the sentence. Commas are only used to separate the names of three or more (but not two) authors for a source, for example,Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that B. When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sen

20、tence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses. The ampersand & is used before the last author when multiple authors for a source are identified and commas are only used to separate the names of three or more (but not two) authors for a source. And when more than two sour

21、ces are cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first authors' surnames and separated and joined by semicolons in the parentheses, for example,Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels

22、of physical and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990; Levin & Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987; Paloma & Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991).C. If publications by two or more primary authors with the same surname are cited, in

23、clude the first authors initials in all text citations, even if the publication dates differ, for example,R. D. Luce (1959) and P. A. Luce (1986) also found.J. M. Goldberg and Neff (1961) and M. E. Goldberg and Wurtz (1972) studiedD. Identify works by the same author (or by the same two or more auth

24、ors in the same order) with the same publication date by the suffixes a, b, c, and so forth after the year; repeat the year; separate the year-plus-suffixes with commas, for example,Several studies (Johnson, 1991a, 1991b, 1991c; Singh, 1983, in press-a, in press-b) indicated that E. A major citation

25、 is separated from other citations within parentheses by the phrase “see also” used after a semicolon and before the first of the remaining citations, which are arranged in alphabetical order, for example,(Minor, 2001; see also Adams, 1999; Storandt, 1997)F. Every effort should be made to cite only

26、sources that you have actually read. When it is necessary to cite a source that you have not read (“Grayson” in the following example) but is cited in a source that you have read (“Murzynski & Degelman” in the following example), use the following format for the text citation and list only the s

27、ource you have read in the References list, for example,Grayson (as cited in Murzynski & Degelman, 1996) suggested G. When a source has two authors, both authors are included every time the source is cited.H. When a source has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the sou

28、rce is cited; in subsequent citations, include only the first author's surname and “et al.” and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within a paragraph, for example, Payne, Bergin, Bielema, and Jenkins (1991) showed that Use as first citation in text.Payne et al. (1991) showed t

29、hat . Use as subsequent first citation per paragraph thereafter.Payne et al. showed that Omit year from subsequent citations after first citation within a paragraph.I. When a source has six or more authors, cite only the first author's surname followed by “et al.” and the year for the first and

30、subsequent citations.J. If two references with the same year shorten to the same form, cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and “et al.”, for example,Bradley, Ramirez, and Soo (1994) and Br

31、adley, Soo, et al. (1994)Kosslyn, Koenig, Barrett, et al. (1996) and Kosslyn, Koenig, Gabrieli, et al. (1996)K. If the English translation of a non-English work is used as the source, cite the original publication date and the date of the translation, for example,Laplace (1814/1951)L. To cite a pers

32、onal communication (including letters, emails, and telephone interviews), include initials, surname, and as exact a date as possible. As a personal communication is not “recoverable” information, it is not included in the References section, for example,B. F. Skinner (personal communication, Februar

33、y 12, 1978) laimed . . . .2. QuotationsWhen a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation.A. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence, fo

34、r example,Patients receiving prayer had “l(fā)ess congestive heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and ventilated” (Byrd, 1988, p.829).B. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words shoul

35、d appear (without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in double-spaced block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin but without the usual opening paragraph indent. But with more than one paragraph, indent the first line of second and additional paragraphs five

36、 to seven spaces from the new margin.C. Enclose direct quotations within a block quotation in double quotation marks. For a quotation in running text that is already enclosed in double quotation marks, use single quotation marks to enclose quoted material.D. Type three periods with a space before an

37、d after each period to indicate an omission within a sentence. Type four periods to indicate an omission between two sentences (a period for the sentence followed by three spaced periods).E. When a period or comma occurs with closing quotation marks, place the period or comma before rather than afte

38、r the quotation marks. Put other punctuation marks (e.g., colon, semicolon) outside quotation marks unless they are part of the quoted material.3. ReferencesAll sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in t

39、he References section). A. Pagination: The Reference section begins on a new page.B. Heading: References (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header).C. Format: The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetica

40、lly by surnames of first authors.D. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are two to six authors, use the ampersand & after a comma and before the last author. When there are seven or more au

41、thors, list the first six and then use “et al.” for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference.Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation . . . .One-author entries pre

42、cede multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname, for example,Alleyne, R. L. (2001). Alleyne, R. L., & Evans, A. J. (1999). References with exactly the same author (or authors in the same order) are arranged by year of publication, the earliest first, for example,Hewlett, L. S. (1996

43、). Lewlett, L. S. (1999). Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). References by the same author (or by the same two or more authors in the same order) with the same publication date are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A, An or The) that fol

44、lows the date. However, if the references with the same authors published in the same year are identified as articles in a series (e.g., Part 1 and Part 2), order the references in the series order, not alphabetically by title. Lowercase letters a, b, c, and so on are placed immediately after the ye

45、ar, within the parentheses, for example,Baheti, J. R. (2001a). Control . . . .Baheti, J. R. (2001b). Roles of . . . .E. Publication date: Publication date is put in parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use “n.d.” in par

46、entheses following the authors. For any work accepted for publication but not yet printed, use “in press” in parentheses following the authors.F. Source reference: Include title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Italicize titles of boo

47、ks, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers but not titles of articles. Capitalize the major words of periodical names but not the major words of titles of books or articles.G. Publishers locations: Give the location (city and state for U.S. publishers, city, state or province if applic

48、able, and country for publishers outside of the U. S.) of the publishers of books, reports, brochures, and other separate, nonperiodical publications. If the publisher is a university and the name of the state (or province) is included in the name of the university, do not repeat the name in the pub

49、lisher location. The names of U.S. states and territories appear in the official two-letter U.S. Postal Service abbreviations. The following major and well-known locations can be listed without a state abbreviation or country:Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Franc

50、isco, Amsterdam, Jerusalem, London, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, Tokyo, ViennaH. Examples of sources1. BookPaloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). Alcohol and health. Wa

51、shington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.2. Book with no author or editorMerriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.3. Book with author and publisher being identicalAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of me

52、ntal disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.4. Article or chapter in an edited bookJames, N. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Cicero, T. J. (1979). A critique of ani

53、mal analogues of alcoholism. In E. Majchrowicz & E. P. Noble (Eds.), Biochemistry and pharmacology of ethanol (Volume 2, pp. 31-59). New York: Plenum Press.5. Journal articleMurzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal

54、 of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626.If, and only if, each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume number.Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(

55、2), 53-65.6. Newspaper ArticleDi Rado, A. (1995, March 15). Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, p. A3.7. Encyclopedia ArticleSturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT:

56、Grolier.8. Web document on university program or department Web siteDegelman, D., & Harris, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2000, from Vanguard UniversityIf information is obtained from a document on the Internet, provide the Internet address for the document at the end of

57、the retrieval statement. Finish the retrieval statement with a period, unless it ends with an Internet address.9. Data file, available from a Web siteDepartment of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. (1991). National Health Provider Inventory Home health agencies and ho

58、spices, 1991 Data file. Available from NationalUse “Available from” to indicate that the URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material, rather than to the material itself. Precede the URL with a colon.10. Stand-alone Web document (no date) Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001, from 11. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and society12. Journal article from database Hien, D., & Honey