哈佛大學(xué)公開(kāi)課--幸福課 第一集演講內(nèi)容及ppt部分內(nèi)容

1、整理:耿加穩(wěn) 校對(duì):小帥哥I'm teaching this class because i wish a class like this had been taught when I was sittingin your seat as an undergrad here.I came here in 1992,and started at computer science.And then I had a mini epiphany halt way through my sophomore year.I realized that I was in a wonderful pla

2、ce with wonderful students around me,wonderful teachers.I was doing well acedemically.I was doing well in athletics.I was doing well socially.Everything going well.Except for the fact that I was unhappy.And I didn't understand why.It was then in a matter of moments that I decided to find out why

3、 and became happier.And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology.With single question how can I became happier.Overtime I did became happier,what contrbuted most to my happiness was when I encounted a new emerging field that time didn't have a

4、name that it has today.But essentially research that falls uder or with the field of positive psychology. Positive psychology studying it,applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier,It continues to make me happier,And I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to shar

5、e it with others.So this is positive psycology,and we will be exploring this new,relatively and fascinating field.And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves.“How can this lecture is larger than the Introduction to Economics”.And the way to explain it must be that the teacher i

6、s very outgoing,extremly charismatic,very cheerful and extrovert and of course ,tall.Why is it so popular,because it works,You see this whole realm on life flouring on happiness,on well being has been until recently dominated by the self-health movement(心理自助運(yùn)動(dòng)).what do we have in the self-health mov

7、ement?We have that books are very intering,that are very accessible,we have speakers are very outgoing attracting the masses into these workshops,seminars and lectures.But there is a big “but” here.Many of those books,many ot these workshop and seminars lack of substances(缺少實(shí)際內(nèi)容).very often，overprom

8、ising and under-delivering.So those are five things you need to know to be happy.The three things to be the greatl eader.The one secret of success,happiness and a perfect love life. overpromising and under-delivering(夸大其詞,效果甚微).On the other hand, we have academica(學(xué)術(shù)界),what do we have in academia?We

9、 have a lots of rigor, a lot of substances.We have datas analayzed,reanalyed and meta-analyzed.things really work,really good stuff.But there is also a big “but” here.Very few people read refereed acedemic journals.I mean think about it:how many of people outside this room of course have read the la

10、st twelve issues of the Journal of Personnality and Social Psychology(個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué))?Most pepple dont even know what that means.The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal arctical is read by seven people.You knowand that include the authors mother.So you know I say half i

11、n jest but its atually really sad。Becausecertainly sad for me,as an academic.Because those things are good.They are important,those things can make a differrence,can make more of a differrence.But not accessible to most people.and this is where positive psychology comes in.And this is also where thi

12、s class comes in.The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class is to creat a bridge between Ivory tower and mainstreet.In other words,it is to bring the rigor,the substance，theempirical of foundation,the science from academia and merge it with accessibil of the self-help or Ne

13、w Age movement.In a way the best of both worlds.And this explain the popularity of the field of positive psychology:science that works.The class will be tore into two levels,the first will be taught as any other class inpsychology.or any of the class youve taken here.Youll be introduced here to stud

14、ies,to research,to rigorous academic work.Youll be writing paper,academicpaper.You will be taking exams.Just like other class.But then it will also be taught at the second level.which is for every paper that youll read,every paperthat youll write,youll always be thinking“Ok，how can I take these idea

15、s and apply them to my life?How I apply to my life?How I apply them to my commumity?”Two levels.The acedemic,applied.I didnt introduce whether its in the readings or in the lecture ideas just because they are intesting for the sake of the idea.It is always an idea that is both rigorrous and can be a

16、pplied.Just a few words about housekeeping(再嘮叨幾句題外話).About feedback and questiongs.If you have any questions,anything not clear,if you agree or disagree something,email me or email you TF(Teaching fellow at Harvard,just like TA at other school,and well always respond.Sometimes if the question is ask

17、ed by ennough people,well respond to it publicly.All the powerpoints,as well as the videos of the class will be online,will be available within a couple of days.The vedios,unfortunately,cant be available before.we tried.couldnt figure it well.so it will be available within a day or two after.The rea

18、son why I do put them up is so that you have the opportunity if you want to see it again or if you have miss a class.And also because and this is the reason why the power ponits always available,I want you to be engaged in the material.Iwant you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing

19、 in class.Not necessarily thinking about getting down everyword that I say on paper.remembering everythng,memorzing everything.I want you to take rather than passive notesof writing down what is on the power point or every word that I say.I want you to take active notes.And that means being engaged

20、with the material.For example,if you heard something and idea and you say, “Oh,thats interesting.”star it,write it down.Or “Ok I think Ill start applying this”Write it down. “or I want to tell my mom about this later”O(jiān)r“I want to talk my rommates or my team about the idea” Write it down. Active note

21、s-taking is opposed to passive note-taking for two reasons.First of all,the class is a class about making a difference in peoples lives.I wound not teaching the class just for its academic beauty.So write it down if you can have anidea that you can think you can apply.The second reason why we should

22、 that is because youll remember more.Better attention,better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged as opposed to just taking down passive notes.Throughout the class,we will take “time-ins”(練習(xí)時(shí)間)as opposed to”time-outs” （休息時(shí)間），its like a time out.Its the time where we stop the cla

23、ss and you look inward.And this is literally a time of silence in a class.I will stop for a minute or two.And youll have a chance either to just stare at me or anyone else.Or think about what weve just discussed.Or have a guiding question that I provide you that you will address during the class.The

24、 reason why I have “time-ins”this is something that I am introducing for the first time.I have done a lot work in the area of silence.I have read a lot of research in this area about the importance of quite times whether its in a class in a lecture, whether it is at home.whether it is for a leader.,

25、for friendship,for the children starting from pre-schools.First of all,it will only be a minute or two at a time,may be once or twice a lecture.Second,it is may be the most important thing youll take from thisclass.The notion of embracing stillness.（即享受安靜這一理念）。Ill read to youan expert from a study t

26、hat run by two MIT professors.This is just for your edification.David Fostor and Matthew Wilson.Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of “time-in”,time to look inside.What they did is they scanned the brains of rats while they were in a maze and after they went through the

27、maze.And heres what they have found. “what the results suggest is that while there certainly is some record of your experience as it is occurring.In other words,when they are doing the maze.the actual learning.when you try to figure out “what was important?what is should I keep and throw away?that h

28、appens after the fact,during periods of quite wakeful introspection.What they show was rats who went through the maze and went through the maze again and again,learned far less than rats who took time aside chilled out alittle bit after a maze,had more margarita.Experience embrace stillness.This has

29、 implications to human beings as well.so what they say is that “replay might consititute a general mechanism of learning and memory”.Both learning,understanding,as well as memory retention.when we reflect,when we replay the material,we are much more likely to retain,to remember what we have just bee

30、n through.so the importance of time aside cannot be over-emphasized.In his wonderful book of teaching Parker Palmerits called The Course to Teach,says the following,words are not the sole medium of exchange in teaching and learning.we educated with silence as well.Silence gives us a chance to reflec

31、t on what we have said and heard.In authentic education,Silence is treated as a trustworthy matrix for inner work students must do,a medium for learning of the deepest sort.”Silence is something is missing from our culture.Robert M Pirsigs book “an Inquiry into Morals”its an anthropological study of

32、 Native Americans.Whathe does there is compare their culture to Amerians from European ancestry.And one of the distinguishing characteristics between these two cultures is their approach were silence.What he found was when he went sound or noise,we have to fill up all the gaps.and we paid a price fo

33、r this lack of stillness.(In realationships,in virtue and morality, in happiness andwellbeing ingenaeral.Backarounde on positive psychologyIn many ways,positive psychology is the brainchild the product and the grandchild of humanistic psychology.in fact called the third force.because the first force

34、 was behaviorism,the work of Skinner,the work of Watsom,the work of Thorndik.the second force was psychoanalysis,the work of Freud,Jung,Adler to some extent.the third force,humanistic psychology came as an reaction o it.We have cognition and thoughts that matter.Information cant decide our success.o

35、ur self-esteem.our motivation leval.The same objective information very different interpretion.Who doing well, have more than they need,and yet they are unhappy.who have little and yet they never ceased to never stop to celerate life.in other words its not just the information goes in.Its also the s

36、hape,the interpretation.the erception the focus.And that is determined by the shape of the form(TRANS FORM)“you know if there is aWOW,the wow is that there is no wow.”thats it.a good life a rich life incledes ups and downs,includes pains and getting up again,includes failure and getting up again.You

37、 already know it inside of you. “commom sense is not that common”and this espeacially applies to application.the aim of the class is to make commom sense more common.”thank you for reminding of me of something that Ive already known.”Constant remind of what you already know, of what inside you.Chip

38、away some of the cognitive limitations that prevent you from seeing what you already knew or emotional limitations that prevent you from deriving the benefits of what you already knew or behavioral limitations.The ABC factor: affect,behavior,and cognition.My hopes in this class is to bring up many m

39、ore question marks than periods.as kids,we always curious,asking questions.Comedian Seinfeld.This loking up,this opening up.the one real objective of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions.First thing was extrordinarly successful groups really believe in themsel

40、ves.they thought they could do well.they were driven,they were motivated.they thought”I am going to make it,I am going to succeed”the second thing is they were always asking questions.initially of their boss,later of Always loking up,this opening up,want to understand the world more.Ppt內(nèi)容“The soul g

41、rows by subtraction, not addition.” Thoreau“In pursuit of knowledge, every day something is acquired; in pursuit of wisdom, every day something is dropped.” Lao TzuIn Search of “WOW” There is no “WOW”! Making common sense more commonInformation is not enough“What is wrong is not the great discoverie

42、s of scienceinformation is always better than ignorance, no matter what information or what ignorance. What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world. It wont.”Archibald MaCleishIt is not about providing definitive answers concerning the good li

43、feIt is about identifying the right questionsEducation is the quest for information and transformation, and therefore must begin with a question.“The most common source of mistakes in management decisions is the emphasis on finding the right answer rather than the right question.” PeterDrucker“The o

44、ne real object of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions.”Bishop CreightonThe Question of QuestionsHow can we help ourselves and othersindividuals, communities, and societybecome happier? It is not a survey of positive psychologyIt is a selective exploration of

45、the question of questions. Eclectic Cross cultural psychology“We were a little surprised by the Dalai Lamas seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences.” Daniel Goleman“What is most personal is most general.”Carl Rogers “We must remember that knowledge of ones own deep nature is also si

46、multaneously knowledge of human nature in general.”Abraham Maslow“There is one thing, and only one in the whole universe which we know more about than we could learn from external observation. That one thing is ourselves. We have, so to speak, inside information; we are in the know.” CS LewisIt is a

47、bout rigorous fun“I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity.”O(jiān)liver Wendell Holme“On Monday, dont tell me how great it was; tell me what youre doing differently.”Peter Drucker 20-30 minute Present

48、ation Any topic within positive psychology Written text (10-15 pages double spaced) Slides (word or powerpoints) Include: Reference to research Optional: stories, film clips, exercises, etc Why a presentation? Teaching as learning Spread goodnessFocusing on What Doesnt Work“The science of psychology

49、 has been far more successful on the negative than on the positive side; it has revealed to us much about mans shortcomings, his illnesses, his sins, but little about his potentialities, his virtues, his achievable aspirations, or his psychological height. It is as if psychology had voluntarily rest

50、ricted itself to only half its rightful jurisdiction, and that the darker, meaner half.”Abraham Maslow Why Positive Psychology?1. The importance of focusing on what works2. Happiness is not the negation of unhappiness3. Prevention through cultivating capacityThe Importance of Focusing on What Works“

51、The aim of Positive Psychology is to catalyze a change in psychology from a preoccupation only with repairing the worst things in life to also building the best qualities in life.” Martin SeligmanReframing Questions:The Case of At-Risk Population Traditional psychology (Post-WWII) “Why do these indi

52、viduals fail?” Positive psychological approach (1980s-) “What makes some individuals succeed despite unfavorable circumstances?”Resilience“A class of phenomena characterized by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk.” Masten & Reed Ordinary characteristic

53、s, extraordinary results Optimism Faith and a sense of meaning Prosocial behavior Focusing on strengths Set goals A role model Social supportFrom Pathogenic Questions to Salutogenic Questions“All those familiar with the history of science are aware that important advances come with the formulation o

54、f new questions. The question is the breakthrough; the answer comes with difficulty, but it is the new question that is important. The salutogenic question, I submit to you, is a radically new question, which provides the impetus for formulating a new paradigm to help us understand health and illnes

55、s. It has serious implications for researcher and clinician, biological and social scientist alike.” Aaron Antonovsky“We see what we look for and we miss much of what we are not looking for even though it is there. Our experience of the world is heavily influenced by where we place our attention.” S

56、tavros and TorresPassive Victim Vs. Active Agentself pitytake actionblameresponsibilityfrustrationconfidenceangerhope and optimismReframing Questions:The Case of a Chicago School Traditional Way “How can we keep students in school?” Marva Collins Way “How can we cultivate the seed of greatness in ou

57、r students?” “How can we cultivate the seed of greatness in our selves and families, in our communities and organization, in our nation and our world?”2. Happiness isnt the Negation of Unhappinessneurosis, anger, anxiety,wellbeing, satisfaction, joydepression, psychosisexcitement, happinessDisease M

58、odel Health ModelFocus on weaknessesFocus on strengths Overcoming deficienciesBuilding competencies Avoiding painSeeking pleasure Running from unhappinessPursuing happiness Neutral state (0) as ceilingNo ceilingTensionless as idealCreative tention as ideal3. Prevention through Cultivating Positive Illness as the absence