級語法考點歸納

1、A級語法考點歸納一 Subjunctive mood(虛擬語氣)1虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法 從句時態(tài) 主句時態(tài) 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 be-were would (could, should, might)+do do-did 與過去事實相反 had done would (could, should, might)+have done 與將來事實相反 1.bewere do-did 2.should+do would (could, should, might)+do 3.were to+do If I were you, I would further my study abroad. I

2、f you had time, you should go to see the film Gone with the wind. If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such mistakes. If you became/ should become / were to become a millionaire, what would you do first?2虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法 1) 虛擬語氣在表示建議、愿望、要求、命令這類詞后賓語從句中的謂語動詞用should + do , should 可以省去。 表建議：su

3、ggest, advice, recommend, propose 表要求：ask, require, request, demand, petition 表命令：order, command, 表愿望：desire Eg. He suggested that a library should be set up quickly. She demands that I should pay her immediately. He ordered the man should be released. The Queen desires that you should come at once.

4、 A級真題： The policeman demanded that she _ her identity card. A. show B. showed C. would show D. had shown2) 虛擬語氣在wish, would rather, would sooner后賓語從句中的用法。用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在的情況did用過去完成時表示過去的情況had doneEg. I wish I were young again.I wish I had listened to your advice then.I would rather you told me the truth

5、now.I would sooner you didnt ask me that question.Id rather you hadnt told me the news yesterdayA級真題：1. I would rather you ( leave) _ for Hang Zhou last week. 2. My father wishes he ( go) _ to college when he was young. 3. I wish I (can ) _ help you.3. 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：句型：it is important / essential /

6、appropriate / imperative / vital / strange / surprising / natural that + （should ）doEg. It is important that he work hard.It is essential that the mission not fail.It is imperative that you should not be seen here.It is vital to her health that she take this medicine.It is surprising that he should

7、kill time like that. 4虛擬語氣在Its high time that 引導的定語從句中的用法：從句中用一般過去時（did）表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，意思是：到了該做什么的時候了A級真題：Its high time that we _ ( buy) a new car.Its high time that we _ ( stop) playing computer games.二Attributive clause（定語從句） 限制性定語從句 1.關系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as在從句中充當句子成分 This is the boy _

8、broke the vase. (who) He is the teacher _ everyone respects. (whom) The plane is a machine _ can fly. (which/that) This is the best film _ I have ever seen. (that) I want to book a room _ window is facing the sea. (whose) He is such a lovely boy _ makes everyone happy. (as) 2. 關系副詞：when, where, why在

9、從句中不充當句子成分 I will never forget the day _ I joined the Party. (when/on which) This is the house _ I lived two years ago. (where/in which) Do you know the reason _ he is crying? (why/for which) 只用that 的情況： 1. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時： The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan. He is the most

10、excellent student that I have ever taught. 2. 先行詞是指物的不定代詞all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, none. Is there anything that I can do for you? All that glitters is not gold. There is little that can be done about it. 3. 先行詞被any, every, only, very, all修飾時： He is the only pe

11、rson that can be trusted. He is the very person that I am looking for. 4. 先行詞既包括人也包括物時： There are many persons and things that we must deal with in our daily非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個名詞或代詞；非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是一個名詞或代詞，也可以是一個句子。這時，連詞選which或as. 一般情況下，先行詞在從句中充當主語時用which；先行詞在從句中充當賓語或表語時用as. Eg. Our class has w

12、on the basketball, which made us happy. 此句中Our class has won the basketball整個句子是先行詞，在從句中作主語 As we all know, New York is the capital of the America. 此句中New York is the capital of the America整個句子是先行詞，在從句中作賓語A級真題：She has fallen in love with Jack, _ I find hard to imagine.A. who B. whom C. that D. which

13、此題中She has fallen in love with Jack整句是先行詞，作從句中find的賓語，故選D.which三Noun clause （名詞性從句） 從屬連詞 that, whether 在從句中不充當句子成分 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在從句中充當句子成分 連接副詞 when, where, how, why在從句中不充當句子成分 1. 主語從句 _ he became an artist is due to his fathers influence. (that) _

14、 it will do us harm remains to be seen. (whether) _ she wants on her 18th birthday is a mobile phone. (what) _ we say must be based on fact. (what/whatever) _ team will win the game remains a mystery. (which) _ will be in charge of the project hasnt been made public. (who) _ I spend my holiday is no

15、ne of your business. (when/where/whether) It is not clear _ he was absent from the meeting. (why) It is unlikely _ he could accept such an offer. (that)2. 賓語從句 At first, he didnt realize _ he had succeeded. (that) I think _ you missed an instructive lecture. (that) I didnt know _ they were satisfied

16、 with the arrangement. (whether) Do you know _ they left for HongKong? (why/when/whether) I want to know _ Tom said. (what)3. 表語從句 The reason was _ he was too poor to see a doctor. (that) The question is _ you are after in life: fame or personal gain. (what) April is _ the lilacs bloom. (when)4.同位語從

17、句 在同位語從句中被修飾的名詞Fact, idea, news, belief, truth, hope, doubt, opinion, decision, suggestion, impression, conclusion, evidence, proposal, question, problem, theory, information, possibility. I got the impression _ you are unhappy today. (that) There is a doubt _ she will come to the party. (whether) H

18、e had no idea _ she left home. (why)四. 分詞 1. 分詞的形式 主動 被動現(xiàn)在分詞 一般形式 doing being done 完成形式 having done having been done過去分詞 done2. 分詞的基本用法：1）作表語： The football match was exciting. She looks disappointed.2) 作定語： He is a promising young man. The wounded soldier was taken off to the hospital. A little chil

19、d learning to walk often falls. Whats the language spoken in that country?3) 作狀語： 伴隨：We sat on the sofa, watching TV. The students came out of the classroom, laughing and chatting. The teacher came out, _ by the students. ( followed) 時間：He hurt his leg while playing football. Having found a hotel, t

20、hey began to look for a restaurant. After _ a hotel, they began to look for a restaurant.(finding) 條件：If given a chance, I would go abroad to further my study. 原因：Being short of money, he cant afford a new car. Not having received an answer, I decided to write him another letter. 結果：He died, leaving

21、 five children.五 動名詞和不定式在句中作賓語時的區(qū)別1以下動詞或短語后只能跟動名詞作賓語Avoid, consider, appreciate, delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, pardon, postpone, prevent, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand.Its no use, be worth, have trouble/difficulty in, be tired of, devote on

22、es life to, insist on, look forward to, be successful in, be fond of, be busy, be capable of, be proud of, cant help, keep onA級真題：1) Do you have any difficulty in _ Japanese?A) learn B) learning C) to learn D) having learnt2) It's better to avoid _ downtown during the rush hour. A) to drive B) h

23、aving driven C) to be driving D) driving2. 以下動詞或短語后只能跟動詞不定式Decide, desire, expect, wish, want, pretend, promise, refuse, manage, agree，permitA級真題：1. We decided _ the house.A) not to buy B) buying C) not buying D) not bought3. 有些動詞后既可跟動名詞，也可跟不定式，但意思不同1) Remember, forget, regret+ doing 表示動作已發(fā)生+ to do

24、表示動作還沒發(fā)生Eg. I remembered being taken to Beijing when I was a child. ( 已發(fā)生) Remember to check your mailbox. （未發(fā)生） I forget locking the door. ( 門鎖過了，但忘記了這件事) I forget to lock the door. （忘記鎖門了，門沒鎖） I regret telling her the truth. ( 我后悔告訴了她真相)I regret to tell you that your application was denied. ( 我很遺憾

25、地要告訴你你的申請被否決了)2）stop + doing 停止正在做的事情 + to do 停下來去做另一件事情 Eg. Stop talking please. Stop to listen to me.3) want, need, require物作主語時+ doing 用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)+ to be done 用被動語態(tài)Eg. His shoes need mending / to be mended.The problem needs looking into / to be looked into.4) try + doing 試著做某事try + to do 努力，企圖做某事Eg. He tried sending flowers to the girl, but she didnt accept. You should try to adjust to the cold weather here.5) be afraid + of doing 生怕做某事 + to do 不敢做某事 Eg. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. ( 她不敢踏進草叢深處因為怕被