廣州市新版教材八年級英語上冊unit 13 語法專練

1、 廣州市新版教材八年級英語上冊期中語法復(fù)習(xí)Unit1一、some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There

2、 isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some.2、 復(fù)合不定代詞由some,every,no,any分別與one,thing和body組合即可得到以下復(fù)合不定代詞： someoneanyoneno on

3、eeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody1. 一般來說，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問句中。I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.Please give me something to read.(拓展）由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞有時也可用于疑問句中，用來表示請求、建議等語句。Would you like something to read?Why no

4、t buy something interesting?2. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Somebody wants to see you. Is there anything I can do for you ?3. 形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時，要放在不定代詞的后面。 Do you have anything important to tell us? We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?Unit 2 基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞1、 基數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)

5、詞是表示數(shù)目多少的詞1. 用于名詞前表示數(shù)量的多少。 I have three pens. 2. 表示時間。 Its eleven oclock now.3. 表示年齡。 My mother is thirty-eight years old.4. 表示價格 The bike is two hundred and thirty-five yuan.5. 基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時，不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 There are two hundred people in the room. There

6、 are hundreds of people in the room.6. 表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties 他三十多歲時成為了教授。 It was in the 1960s 那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。2、 序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞是表示順序先后的詞，其主要用法有1、 表示順序January is the first month of the year.2、 表示第幾次This is my second time to visit Nanjing.3、 表示日期Today is the fifth of Ma

7、rch.（拓展）1、 序數(shù)詞主要用做定語，通常在前面加定冠詞the.但序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞the Mr Lin lives on the fifth floor. Simon is his third child.2. 如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an,則表示“再，又”。 Youll have to do it a second time.3. 表示編號時，可用“序數(shù)詞+名詞”或“名詞+基數(shù)詞”。 Lets study the fifth lesson.=lets study Lesson Five.3、 加、減、乘、除的英文表達(dá)1. 2 plus 2 is

8、four.2. 6 minus 3 is three.3. 7 multiplied by 8 is 56.4. 16 divided by 4 is 4.Unit3 一、形容詞比較級和最高級A. 大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式，原級，比較級和最高級，以表示形容詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。B. 形容詞的原級:形容詞的原級形式就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的形容詞的原形。例如:poor, tall, great，glad, bad等C. 形容詞的比較級和最高級:形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。1. 規(guī)則變化如下;一、 變化規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化：（1）一般在詞尾加er或

9、est：bright _ _; （2）以不發(fā)音的e字母結(jié)尾的加r,或st：large; _ _ （3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est: easy_ _；（4）以輔元輔重讀結(jié)尾的詞先雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加er或est: fat_ _（5）多音節(jié)詞前加more或most, 副詞最高級前省略the：beautiful_ _ (6 ) 部分形容詞本身表示最高級，因此他們沒有比較級和最高級形式：favorite round 2、 不規(guī)則變化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; （slowly） 注：只有少數(shù)形容詞和

10、副詞有兩種比較級和最高級形式：clever lucky2.常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:3. 形容詞前如加less和least則表示“較不”和.最不”important less important least important4. 形容詞和副詞等級的用法一、原級的用法1修飾原級的詞通常有very，quite，so，too等例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 2.原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1) A. 形容

11、詞 “甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如，Tom is as old as Kate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍。 B. 副詞“甲+實意動詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。 Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍(2) A. 形容詞 “甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+乙”甲不如

12、乙 例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 這個房間不如那個大。 B. 副詞“甲+助動詞+not+動詞原形+as/so+副詞原級+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。二、比較級的用法1. 可以修飾比較級的詞，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一點兒； even甚至，still仍然例如Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tom looks even younger than be

13、fore.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。This train runs much faster than that one.這輛火車比那輛跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。 2. 2.比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩?，Tom is taller than Kate.湯姆比凱特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.這個房間比那個大三倍。 “甲+實意動詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比較級

14、+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩纾琁 got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍(2) A. 形容詞 “甲+be+形容詞比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都”，含義 “甲最”。例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River

15、is longer than any of the other rivers in China.長江比中國的任何一條其他的河都長。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.長江比中國的其他所有的河都長。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.長江是中國最長的河流。 注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.長江比日本的任何一條河都長 B. 副詞 “甲+實意動詞+副詞比較級+than+any o

16、ther+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都”， 含義是“甲最”。例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上任何一個其他的同學(xué)到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上其他的同學(xué)到校都早。= Mike g

17、ets to school earliest in his class.邁克在他們班到校最早。 注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.邁克比湯姆班上任何一個學(xué)生到校都早。(邁克和 湯姆不是同一個班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+of the two+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。例如：Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那兩個男孩，我弟弟是兩個當(dāng)中較高的那個。(4)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。例如，He is

18、getting taller and taller.他變得越來越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作業(yè)越來越認(rèn)真了。 (5)“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越，越”。例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越認(rèn)真，犯的錯誤越少。 (6)“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，甲o(hù)r乙？”例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the

19、 moon？哪一個大，地球還是月球？ “特殊疑問詞+實意動詞+副詞比較級，甲o(hù)r乙？”例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？誰畫得比較好，詹妮還是丹尼？3. 最高級常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five. “主語+實意動詞+(the)+副詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。例如，I jump (the)

20、 farthest in my class.(2)“主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最之一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中國最大城市之一。 (3)“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較。 例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？“特殊疑問詞+be+the+副詞最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較例如，Which season do you like (th

21、e) best，spring，summer or autumn？Unit1語法專練單項選擇題1. We have_apples. But we dont have_ bananas. A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some2. Is there_ in this book? A.something interesting B,anything interesting C.interesting something D.interesting anything3. -Is _ here? - Yes, we are all here. A.anyb

22、ody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody4. - Does_ know the answer to the question? -Me. A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody5. -Peter has nothing to do at the moment. - Let me give him_ to read. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing6.I asked my friend for some ink, but she didn't have .

23、 A. some B. any C. no D. a lot7.Parents should understand that they can't do_for their children and kids have to learn to be independent. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. Anything8.I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldn't find _ to eat in my flat. A. everything B. something C. an

24、ything D. Nothing9.The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few10.-Have you brought _ with you? We wont have time to come back. -Dont worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag. A. something B. anything C. noth

25、ing D. EverythingKeys: 1-5CBBBB 6-10BCCCDUnit2語法專練1. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand,six hundred and twenty-six? - Yes, it is_. A. 856,620 B. 85,626 C. 58,662 D. 58,6262. September _ is Teachers Day. A.the ten B.the tenth C.the tens D. Ten 3. -How many new words are there in_lesson? -

26、There are only_. A.nine;three B.ninth; three C.the ninth; the three D.the ninth; three4. -Which room do you live in? -I live in_. A. Room 405 B.the 405s room C.the 405 room D. Room 405th5. There are _of students in our school but only_of them are boys. A.hundreds; two hundred B.hundred; two hundreds

27、 C. Hundreds; two hundreds D.hundred; two hundred6. _plus seven is thirteen. A. Five B. Six C. Eight D. Nine 7. Were the students of_. A. Grade Three B. Three Grade C.the Grade Three D.the Three Grade8. The road is over_metres long. A.six hundred and fifty-two B.six hundreds and fifty-two C.six hund

28、red,fifty-two D.six hundred;fifty and two9. -What should we do now,Mr. Black? -Please turn to Page_ and look at the_picture.A. Twelve;fifth B. Twelfth; fifth C. Twelve ;five D. Twelfth ;five10. There are_ in our classroom.A.hundred of books B.the hundreds of books C.hundreds of booksD.hundred of boo

29、kKeys:BBDAABAAACUnit3-4語法專項訓(xùn)練1、 寫出下列單詞的比較級和最高級 1.large_ _ 2.happy_ _ 3.big_ _4.easy_ _ 5.important_ _ 6.interesting _ _ 7.early _ _ 8.clever_ _ 9.expensive_ _ 10. careful_ _ 11.good/well_ _ 12.many/much_ _ 13.little_ _ 14.far_ _ 15.bad/ill_ _1. larger largest 2.happier happiest 3.bigger biggest 4.ea

30、sier easiest5. more important most important 6.more interesting most interesting 7.earlier earliest8. cleverer cleverest 9.more expensive most expensive 10.more careful most careful11. better best 12.more most 13. less least 14.farther/further farthest/furthest 15.worse worst二單項選擇題。1. _Dad ,how can

31、I get on well with my classmates?Try to be friendly to them .That will make it much_.A.easily B.more easily C.easy D.easier2. I think these cards are than those cards. A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. the nicest3.Which city is your favorite? Hangzhou, of course. Its the _place that I want to visit. A. wor

32、se B. worst C. better D .best 4.Which do you like , summer or winter?I prefer summer.A. goodB. well C. betterD. best 5.Whose home is _ away from school in our class? Liu Meis. A. father B. far C. the farthest D. near6.Many people eat_ meat than they did before.Yes, thats why theyre getting fatter and fatter.A. more B. less C. fewer D. Much7. There used to be lots of fish in the lake. Yes, but there are very _