grammar現(xiàn)在分詞

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞分分 詞詞- -inging 形式形式動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Grammar and usage 一、一、動詞的動詞的 ing 形式形式概念概念 動詞的動詞的 ing 形式包括兩種形式包括兩種: 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 具有具有形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞特征特征 可作可作定語、狀語、表語、賓補定語、狀語、表語、賓補 動名詞動名詞 具有具有名詞名詞特征特征 可作可作主語，賓語，表語，定語主語，賓語，表語，定語等。等。There are many sleeping students in class. （表語）（表語）（定語）

2、（定語）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（賓補）（賓補）（狀語）（狀語） 語態(tài)類別 時 態(tài) vt.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞V-ing 一般式一般式(與謂語動詞與謂語動詞同同時時發(fā)生發(fā)生)完成式完成式(先與謂語動詞先與謂語動詞之前之前發(fā)生發(fā)生)二、時態(tài)和語態(tài)二、時態(tài)和語態(tài)doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done1. He hurried home, look

3、ing behind as he went. 2. Having finished their work, they had a rest. 3. The large building being built is a library. 4. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.（一般式）（一般式）（完成式）（完成式）（被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）（被動完成式）（被動完成式）時態(tài)和語態(tài)：時態(tài)和語態(tài)：2. The man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.1. a running m

4、an三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語法功能三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語法功能1: Attribute定語定語= The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.小小 結(jié)結(jié):1. V-ing形式作定語可表示主語所形式作定語可表示主語所作作動作正在進(jìn)行動作正在進(jìn)行或表示和所修飾詞或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動關(guān)系。之間有邏輯主動關(guān)系。2.單個單個V-ing詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于名詞之前名詞之前3. V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后此時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句此時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句The people sitting beh

5、ind us are teachers=The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.Your journey in Kenya is really exciting.What you did was disappointing.The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語的屬性和特征現(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語的屬性和特征,相當(dāng)相當(dāng)于形容詞于形

6、容詞,含有含有“令人令人.,其主語通常是物其主語通常是物.2: Predicative表語表語 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.3.Object Complement: The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.常見的常見的兩類兩類接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞：動詞：感官動詞：感官動詞： see,hear,watch,fin

7、d,feel,smell,observe notice,look at,listen to等。等。使役動詞使役動詞have,keep,get,leave,make等。等?，F(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補與不定式做賓補的區(qū)別。在分詞作賓補與不定式做賓補的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞：動作正在現(xiàn)在分詞：動作正在進(jìn)行。進(jìn)行。 不定式：不定式： 動作的動作的全過程全過程。 試比較：試比較： 1. I heard her singing a song just now. 在唱歌在唱歌 (正在進(jìn)行的動作正在進(jìn)行的動作) 2. I heard her sing a song just now. 唱了歌唱了歌(聽見全過程聽見全過程)1.

8、 Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.2. The bottle _ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. 3. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.PracticelivingcontainingFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.disa

9、ppointing4. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 5. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.forcingshocking4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1).作時間狀語作時間狀語, ,相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句 ( (常同連詞常同連詞when, after, while, once, until等連用等連用)注：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表示時間時，可以和注：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表示時間時，可以和when,after when,

10、after 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句互換等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句互換Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.2).作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。Being a student, I

11、must work hard.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.= Because/As /Since he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because I am a student, I must work hard.3. 作條件狀語作條件狀語,相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. Putting more salt into the soup, you will f

12、ind it more delicious.=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示條件時，可以和當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示條件時，可以和ifif引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句互換條件狀語從句互換 4. 作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語,相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于并列句并列句They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. The students came

13、in,_(follow)their teacher. My cousin came to see me from the country,_ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits.following bringingThe factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. The factory keeps releasing smoke, （非限制性定語從句）（非限制性定語從句）which makes the air dirty5. 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語The factory keeps rel

14、easing smoke._ the air is made dirty.As a result,當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表結(jié)果時，可以和當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表結(jié)果時，可以和as a result as a result 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句互換。引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句互換。也相當(dāng)于也相當(dāng)于whichwhich引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句 例：例： She does exercise for anhour every day,causing her to keep a slim figure. She does exercise for an hour every day,_her to

15、 keep a slim figure. She does exercise for an hour every day。_,she keeps a slim figure.which causesAs a result-ing短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或 句末，常與句末，常與even if, though 連用。如：連用。如：6. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還雖然他父親從早到晚拼

16、命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。是掙不到足夠的吃的。Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.注意注意:V-ing形式的否定形式的否定not要置于要置于V-ing之前。之前。 分詞作狀語時，其分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語同主句的主邏輯主語同主句的主 語一致且有邏輯主動關(guān)系語一致且有邏輯主動關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換 為為相應(yīng)的狀語從句相應(yīng)的狀語從句。不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別不定式能做目的狀語和表示意料之外的結(jié)果狀不定式能做目的狀語和表示意料之外的結(jié)果狀語（這時，前

17、面常帶語（這時，前面常帶only）分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）能做時間、分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）能做時間、條件原因、伴隨、讓步、方式或表示自然結(jié)果條件原因、伴隨、讓步、方式或表示自然結(jié)果的狀語。比較：的狀語。比較：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. In order to catch the early bus , he got up early.The flood was rising, washing two bridges away.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran

18、 down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beaut

19、iful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.現(xiàn)在分詞做獨立成分：現(xiàn)在分詞做獨立成分： 有些分詞可以獨立存在，在句中沒有邏輯上的主有些分詞可以獨立存在，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習(xí)慣用法。這些短語有：語，作為習(xí)慣用法。這些短語有： generally/frankly speaking 一般來說一般來說/坦白來說坦白來說 judging from/by 由由.來判斷來

20、判斷taking all things into consideration考慮各方面因考慮各方面因素素eg: Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys. Judging from his accent, he is a new comer.被用作介詞或連詞的分詞被用作介詞或連詞的分詞： supposing providing/provided given 都解釋為都解釋為 “假設(shè)假設(shè),假如假如,設(shè)想設(shè)想” considering 鑒于鑒于，考慮到，考慮到 concerning/regarding

21、關(guān)于關(guān)于according to 按照按照 talking of 談到談到 speaking of 說到說到 SupposingSupposing he wont pass the exam, what should he do ? he wont pass the exam, what should he do ?According toAccording to his report, the situation is getting serious. his report, the situation is getting serious.1. Their car was caught i

22、n a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heardExercise3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read itC. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the