2012年度中山大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)試題回 憶

1、2012年中山大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)試題回憶中山大學(xué)2012年博士入學(xué)考試于3月10日11日兩天結(jié)束。一直比較懶，現(xiàn)在看到群里在討論，整理如下。根據(jù)考場(chǎng)，大體估計(jì)有三千來(lái)人參加考試。你有心的話，就去看看官網(wǎng)上排的考場(chǎng)吧。我看大約一百多個(gè)?？荚嚨攸c(diǎn)在海珠校區(qū)一號(hào)教學(xué)樓和逸夫樓。提醒各位，如果要報(bào)的話，在那兩天想住的好點(diǎn)就要定房的。大體介紹題型：一。閱讀理解，共30分，六篇，每篇5個(gè)小題，每個(gè)小題1分。難度低于六級(jí)。有兩篇考研真題。二。完型填空，共10分，二十個(gè)空，而且是不帶選擇項(xiàng)的。每空0.5分。難度一般。三。排序題，共15分，十個(gè)選項(xiàng)(a-j)中選出五個(gè)來(lái)，每個(gè)3分。有些難。內(nèi)容是關(guān)于劍橋大學(xué)。四。英譯

2、漢,共15分，從一段文章中劃出五句話來(lái)，每句話3分。難度一般。五。漢譯英，共10分，一小段，大約有連著的五句話。國(guó)內(nèi)政治方面的內(nèi)容。內(nèi)容記住的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)是：關(guān)于社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，人民生活水平提高了，收入差距拉大，但是，仍然沒(méi)有造成大的社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定，也是由于窮人的生活水平也相應(yīng)提高了。(這是大意，不是原句子，有心的可以去網(wǎng)上找找有沒(méi)有相關(guān)內(nèi)容。)六。作文，共20分。有兩個(gè)話題，只能選一個(gè)回答。今年的是views contradict .第二個(gè)話題的，沒(méi)怎么懂意思。根據(jù)我的理解是和自己看法一致的意見(jiàn)容易接受，看法不一致的不容易接受。你同意哪種觀點(diǎn)。(我沒(méi)看懂。)下面，把自己還能記住的，還有在群里收集到的相關(guān)內(nèi)容

3、貼出來(lái)。我的大腦不是硬盤(pán)，總會(huì)記憶有出入，如果給各位造成了誤導(dǎo)，請(qǐng)尊重下我整理資料的辛苦。同時(shí)，如果今年參加考試的戰(zhàn)友，歡迎幫我改正。下面是在群里看到大家找的回憶版：現(xiàn)貼出來(lái)：閱讀理解的(沒(méi)有按試卷題號(hào)排)閱讀1：When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance (異乎尋常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coas

4、tal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new sur

5、vival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are

6、in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the pastand how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets enviro

7、nment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shi

8、fts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has

9、not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Eart

10、h. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change i

11、n the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _.A) to give up his former way of lifeB) to leave the coastal areasC) to follow th

12、e ever-shifting vegetationD) to abandon his original settlement2. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate _.A) is going through a fundamental changeB) has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC) will eventually change from hot to coldD) has gone through periodical changes3. Scientists b

13、elieve that human evolution _.A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB) has exerted little influence on climatic changesC) has largely been effected by climatic changesD) has had a major impact on climatic changes4. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.A) human activities ha

14、ve accelerated changes of Earths environmentB) Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC) Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD) Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future5. The message the author wishes to convey in the pas

15、sage is that _.A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD) human civilization will continue to develop in sp

16、ite of the changes of nature閱讀2(這個(gè)是考研題)American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why

17、 we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the de

18、cline in education. Mr.McWhorters academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regranttable than the loss of the case-endings of Old EnglishBut the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”

19、, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly per

20、sonal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmi

21、stakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cann

22、ot convey complex ideas .He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem ol

23、d-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame,

24、 perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.1. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal EnglishA. is inevitable in radical education reforms.B. is but all too natural in language development.C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the

25、 1960s.2. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotesA. modesty.B. personality.C. liveliness.D. informality.3. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B. Black English can be more expressive than st

26、andard English.C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.4. The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authorsA. interest in their language.B. appreciation of their efforts.C. admi

27、ration for their memory.D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.5. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” asA. “temporary” is to “permanent”.B. “radical” is to “conservative”.C. “functional” is to “artistic”.D. “humble” is to “noble”難句解析：In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing

28、. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.該句子的主干是John McWhorte sees the triumph of 1960s cou

29、nter-culture as responsible for the decline。主語(yǔ)前的介詞短語(yǔ)in his latest book做狀語(yǔ)，book后有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的書(shū)名充當(dāng)其同位語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間為主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。翻譯：在他最近的書(shū)做我們自己的事：語(yǔ)言和音樂(lè)的退化，以及為什么我們應(yīng)該喜歡或在意?中，這位學(xué)者認(rèn)為60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利要對(duì)正式英語(yǔ)的退化負(fù)責(zé)。As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black En

30、glish, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas該句子的主干是he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive，謂語(yǔ)acknowledges后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。從句中主謂之間插入了介詞短語(yǔ)including non-standard ones like Black English。破折號(hào)后面分句對(duì)前面話語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。翻譯：麥荷特認(rèn)為各種各樣的人

31、類語(yǔ)言，包括像黑人語(yǔ)言這樣的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言，都具有強(qiáng)大的表達(dá)力世上沒(méi)有傳達(dá)不了復(fù)雜思想的語(yǔ)言或方言。試題解析：第四篇文章的專業(yè)性比較強(qiáng)，講的美國(guó)人由于隨意性，所以英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言也變得相當(dāng)隨意的主旨，對(duì)很多對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)不敏感的同學(xué)是很難的，因?yàn)閷I(yè)性太強(qiáng)。這篇文章總體同樣屬于一個(gè)對(duì)比性的文章，關(guān)鍵詞圍繞正式用語(yǔ)非正式用語(yǔ)這里面的變化。開(kāi)篇是在說(shuō)什么導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)的衰敗，不是那么正式了。 中間的部分是在講語(yǔ)言的變化是不可阻擋的。結(jié)尾繼續(xù)講俄國(guó)人對(duì)本國(guó)語(yǔ)言的最終是值得我們贊賞的。36題B 難度0.319 區(qū)分度.0.287。作者認(rèn)為是不可避免的在語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展中，而A是講教育改革不可避免。37題D 難度0.441 區(qū)分度

32、.0.308原文反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的是語(yǔ)音的正式性和非正式性，所以這個(gè)題選D。38題A 難度0.378 區(qū)分度.0.352問(wèn)的是人物的觀點(diǎn)，所以要區(qū)分作者的觀點(diǎn)，美國(guó)人語(yǔ)言是衰敗指的并不是邏輯思維也是衰敗的，所以選擇A。39題B 難度0.438 區(qū)分度.0.261作者提到俄國(guó)人喜歡背詩(shī)，作者在文章是贊賞的語(yǔ)氣，稱贊他們努力維護(hù)本國(guó)的語(yǔ)言。40題C 難度0.543 區(qū)分度.0.279這個(gè)題也是一個(gè)類比題，他說(shuō)咱們經(jīng)常紙碟和瓷器之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，紙盒子不漂亮可以盛飯，瓷器在大餐聚會(huì)時(shí)被使用，講究美食性。所以答案選C，是一種功能性和美食性的關(guān)聯(lián)性和關(guān)系性。全文翻譯：美國(guó)人已不再期待公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽髦心苓\(yùn)用技巧和

33、文采來(lái)駕馭英語(yǔ)，而公眾人物自己也不渴望這樣。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家麥荷特喜好爭(zhēng)論，他的觀點(diǎn)混雜著自由派與保守派的看法。在他最近的書(shū)做我們自己的事：語(yǔ)言和音樂(lè)的退化，以及為什么我們應(yīng)該喜歡或在意?中，這位學(xué)者認(rèn)為60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利要對(duì)正式英語(yǔ)的退化負(fù)責(zé)。責(zé)備放縱的六十年代不是什么新鮮事，但這次算不上是對(duì)教育衰落的又一場(chǎng)批判。麥荷特先生的學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)在于語(yǔ)言史和語(yǔ)言演變。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為“whom”一詞的逐漸消失是自然的，并不比古英語(yǔ)中詞格尾綴的消失更讓人惋惜。然而，“做自己的事”這一對(duì)事務(wù)真實(shí)性和個(gè)人性的崇高信條，已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了正式演講、寫(xiě)作、詩(shī)歌及音樂(lè)的消亡。在20世紀(jì)60年代以前，僅受過(guò)一般教育的人在下筆時(shí)

34、都會(huì)尋求一種更高雅的強(qiáng)調(diào);而那之后，即使是最受關(guān)注的文章也開(kāi)始逮住口語(yǔ)就寫(xiě)在紙面上。同樣的，對(duì)于詩(shī)歌來(lái)說(shuō)，非常個(gè)性化和富有表現(xiàn)力的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格成為了能夠表達(dá)真實(shí)生動(dòng)含義的唯一形式。無(wú)論作為口語(yǔ)還是書(shū)面語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)，隨意言談勝過(guò)雅致的言辭，自我發(fā)揮也壓過(guò)了精心準(zhǔn)備。麥荷特顯示先生從上層和下層文化中列舉了一系列有趣的例子，從而說(shuō)明他記錄的這種趨勢(shì)是確鑿無(wú)誤的。但就書(shū)中副標(biāo)題中的疑問(wèn)：為什么我們應(yīng)該、喜歡或在意，答案卻不夠明確。作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，麥荷特認(rèn)為各種各樣的人類語(yǔ)言，包括像黑人語(yǔ)言這樣的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言，都具有強(qiáng)大的表達(dá)力世上沒(méi)有傳達(dá)不了復(fù)雜思想的語(yǔ)言或方言。不像其他大多數(shù)人，麥荷特先生并不認(rèn)為我們說(shuō)話方式不

35、再規(guī)范就會(huì)使我們不能夠準(zhǔn)確的思考。俄羅斯人深愛(ài)自己的語(yǔ)言，并在腦海中存儲(chǔ)了大量詩(shī)歌;而意大利的政客們往往精心準(zhǔn)備演講，即使這在大多數(shù)講英語(yǔ)的人們眼里已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)。麥荷特先生認(rèn)為正式語(yǔ)言并非不可或缺，也沒(méi)有提出要進(jìn)行徹底的教育改革他其實(shí)只是為那些美好事務(wù)而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而哀嘆。我們現(xiàn)在用“紙盤(pán)子”而非“瓷盤(pán)子”裝著我們的英語(yǔ)大餐。真是慚愧啊，但很可能已無(wú)法避免。閱讀3(本題有5個(gè)選項(xiàng)的，網(wǎng)上的找的4個(gè))Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether its one

36、 of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporti

37、ng culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climber

38、s, and American and Irishriders.The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial wor

39、ld championship become just that.This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here,one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Cola or Budweiser as well The skilful way in which American

40、football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With sea

41、ts at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $ 10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $ 100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to le

42、arn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of asport which relies for its essence on the flowing nat

43、ure of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything

44、 less than a “World Tide” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!1. Globalization of sporting culture means that _.A. more people are taking up sports.B. traditional sports are getting popular.C. many local sports are becoming internationa

45、lD. foreigners are more interested in local sports2. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?A. Good economic returns.B. Revival of sports.C. Communications technology.D. Marketing strategies.3.What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four

46、 25-minute quarters?A. Favourable. B. Unclear.C. Reserved. D. Critical.4. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because_.A. they become more professional than ever.B. they regard sports as consumer goods.C. there exist few world-class championshipsD. sports events are exciting a

47、nd stimulating本文答案：1. C 2. B 3. D 4.B短文大意：這篇文章介紹體育文化的全球化及商業(yè)化運(yùn)作現(xiàn)象，分析了其全球化、商業(yè)化的原因。1. 答案：C【參考譯文】體育文化的全球化意味著什么?【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第二段說(shuō)“Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with FranceBut in recent years it has been dominated by”，由此可見(jiàn)體育文化的全球化使許多國(guó)內(nèi)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目將走向世界。故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。2. 答案：B【參考譯

48、文】下列哪一項(xiàng)與大規(guī)模的變化無(wú)關(guān)?【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。【詳細(xì)解答】短文第四段說(shuō)“This is undoubtedly an economic based revolution one made possible by communications technology，but made to happen because of marketing considerations.”這里提到了“好的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益”，“通訊技術(shù)”及“市場(chǎng)策略的支持”，沒(méi)有提到“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的復(fù)興” 故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。3. 答案：D【參考譯文】作者對(duì)于把英式足球改變?yōu)?場(chǎng)25分鐘的比賽的態(tài)度如何?【試題分析】本題為細(xì)

49、節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句說(shuō)“The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue，without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.”作者認(rèn)為這做只是為了獲得更多的廣告收入，而破壞了足球運(yùn)動(dòng)的完整性及精彩性，這種做法是可恥的，由此可見(jiàn)作者是持批評(píng)的態(tài)度。4. 答案：B【參考譯文】人們?yōu)楹蜗矚g看高水平的體育比賽?【試題分析】本

50、題為細(xì)節(jié)題。【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一段第一句有“as sports expand into world markets，and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows，so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level.”據(jù)此知體育正擴(kuò)展到全球市場(chǎng)，我們作為消費(fèi)者對(duì)體育的選擇也在增長(zhǎng)，因此我們要求看到更高水平的比賽。故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。閱讀4What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good

51、deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say

52、 on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been d

53、iscovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰漿) will long have gone out of fashion.But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growt

54、h in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situation

55、s will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirt

56、y canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps ha

57、d to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(骯臟)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(貧民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so