The-infinitive-動詞不定式

1、The infinitive動詞不定式動詞不定式 to do not to doby JanelleDo you remember the five basic sentence structure?主語主語+系系+表語表語 SVCOur aim was to win more medals.主語主語+謂語謂語 SVThe train leaves at 6am.主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語 SVOI recited an article yesterday.主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 SVoOHe lent me a novel last month.主語主語+謂

2、語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語 SVOCThey set the thief free.這五種句型里的謂語動詞都是限定動詞Finite Verb限定動詞是受主語的人稱和數(shù)限制的動詞反之，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)限制的動詞就叫做非限定動詞，有這三類： 1. 不定式 Infinitive 2. 動名詞 Gerund 3. 分詞 Participle 不定式的基本形式和否定形式。 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 不定式的基本用法。 不帶to的不定式。bare infinitive 獨立不定式不定式的基本形式是由不定式的基本形式是由“to + do”構成，其否定形式是構成，其否定形式是not to do. 他

3、們勸我要戒煙。 They persuade me to give up smoking. 這個公司承諾會捐100萬給需要幫助的人。 This company promises to donate 1 million to the needy. 我警告他們不要再來打擾我們。 I warned them not to disturb us. 我決定不再相信他的話。 I decide not to believe his words again.不定詞本身可以有不同的時態(tài)和語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)以 do 為例 不定式一般時態(tài)所表示的動作變化與謂語動詞所表示的動作不定式一般時態(tài)所表示的動作變化與謂語動詞所表示的動作

4、變化變化可以同時可以同時發(fā)生，或者在謂語動詞所表示的動作變化發(fā)生，或者在謂語動詞所表示的動作變化之后發(fā)之后發(fā)生生。 不定詞完成時態(tài)所表示的動作變化在謂語動詞所表示的動作不定詞完成時態(tài)所表示的動作變化在謂語動詞所表示的動作變化變化之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生。 他似乎病了。 He seems to be sick. 我很抱歉讓您久等了。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 他們似乎正在談什么要事。 They seem to be talking about something important.如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的

5、動作的承受者，不定式要用作的承受者，不定式要用被動形式被動形式. 我很榮幸被選為負責人。 I am honored to be elected as the person in charge. 我很高興受到認可。 I am delighted to be recognized.作主語作主語 to do to do 作主語，常放句尾，用作主語，常放句尾，用it it作形式主語作形式主語 1. It be adj. /n. to do sth. Its good to see you. To study English is very easy if you adopt effective met

6、hods.2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.It takes me half an hour to choose an outfit.Its my responsible to support my family.3.若形容詞側重于評價人物的特性、特征，則構成不定式符合結構的介詞應為ofIt be adj. /n. of sb. to do sth. kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, selfish, crazy, careful, careless, impoli

7、te, right, wrong 你人真好都幫我。 It is very kind of you to help me. 你放棄了那個機會實在是太蠢了。 It is foolish of you to give up that opportunity.Exercises1. 學習英語非常有趣。學習英語非常有趣。2. 種些植物是非常有必要的。種些植物是非常有必要的。3. 說英語對我來說并不容易。說英語對我來說并不容易。聽到你的聲音真高興。聽到你的聲音真高興。To learn English is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to learn English.T

8、o grow plants is very necessary.To hear your voice is so nice.To speak English is not easy for me.It is so nice to hear your voice.It is necessay to grow some plants.It is not easy for me to speak English.作表語作表語To see is to believe.他的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。His wish is to be a doctor.他的目標是三個月內得到晉升。His aim is to g

9、et promoted in three months.Exercises我的工作是每天收發(fā)郵件。我的工作是每天收發(fā)郵件。上上策就是馬上離開這兒。上上策就是馬上離開這兒。3 我的夢想就是成為總統(tǒng)。我的夢想就是成為總統(tǒng)。My work is to receive and send emails every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be president.作賓語作賓語 (v. + to do )I want to buy a computer.She hopes to find a better job.I wis

10、h to go with you.口訣口訣 決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝； 主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。 decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/wish refuse, manage, care, pretend volunteer, promise, choose, plan, order, agree, ask/beg, helpExercises他想借用我的公交月卡。他想借用我的公交月卡。他們開始讀和寫。他們開始讀和寫。她喜歡做什么運動？她喜歡打網球。她喜歡做什么運動？她喜歡打網球。你退休了想做什么？你退休了想做什么？He want

11、s to borrow my bus pass.They began to read and write.What sports does she like to play? She likes to play tennis.What do you want to do when you retire?作賓語補足語作賓語補足語：(v. + sb. + to do )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.My mother taught me to read and write. allow, ask, adv

12、ise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish+sb. to do sth.她叫我說話再大點聲。她叫我說話再大點聲。我警告他不要哭。我警告他不要哭。我媽媽叫我由衷地祝福每個人。我媽媽叫我由衷地祝福每個人。他讓我再做一次。他讓我再做一次。She asked me to speak louder.I warned him not to cry.My mother told me to give my best wishes t

13、o everybody.He let me do it again.作賓語補足語不帶作賓語補足語不帶to 的情況：的情況：Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常見動詞有： 使役動詞: let, make, have 感官動詞: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to注：被動時to要還原。She was seen to enter the room last night.比較： I heard her singing in the next room. （正在唱） I heard her sing in the next r

14、oom. （聽完全過程）作狀語作狀語 (adverbial)：表示目的、原因、結果表示目的、原因、結果He came to show me his new CD player.I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book.The boy was too frightened to move.(目的目的)(目的目的)(目的目的)(結果結果)I am glad to see you.（原因）（原因）Im sorry to trouble you.（原因）（原因）目的狀語還可以用目的狀語還可以用 in or

15、der to 或或 so as to來表示。來表示。 為了賺更多的錢，他工作很努力。 In order to make more money, he worked very hard. 為了不遲到，我們跑了一路。 We ran all the way so as not to be late. 作定語作定語 作定語的不定式如果是作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞不及物動詞，不定式后面須，不定式后面須有相應的有相應的介詞介詞。你有什么要說的嗎？Have you get anything to say?他正在找房住嗎？Is looking for a room to live in?沒什么好擔心的。T

16、here is nothing to worry about. 用作定語用作定語1. 給我點東西喝。Give me something to drink.3. 我沒有可以拿來寫得筆。I dont have a pen to write with.2. 請給我一把刀來切它。Please give me a knife to cut with.4. 他買了臺筆記本玩。He bought a laptop to play with.他是一個值得信賴的人。6 愛迪生是第一個發(fā)明電燈的人。7 他那生病母親最多可活三個月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the f

17、irst man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.7.疑問詞疑問詞who, what, which, where, when, how加加to do可構成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、可構成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。還沒決定什么時候開始。When to start has not been decided.(主語)我不知道該做什么。I dont know what to do.（賓語）他會告訴你去哪拿這本書。He can tell

18、you where to get the book.（賓語補足語）問題是要問誰。The question is whom to ask.（表語）動詞不定式省略動詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納的情況歸納1 當動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，如動詞是當動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，如動詞是 make, let , have 或或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等，不定式不帶等，不定式不帶to.*2. 在下列結構后在下列結構后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不）（不得不）, cant help but(不禁不禁)，might as well（不（不妨）妨） 等等*3. why not 表建議表建議 Why not call her and apologize?*4. 在介詞在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有實義動詞之后，如果其前有實義動詞do 的某種形的某種形式，不定式不帶式，不定式不帶to, 反之須帶反之須帶to .（前有（前有do后無后無to，vice versa） He knows nothing except to cry. I have nothing to do but lie